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James R. Carey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social and Ecological Correlates of Parasitic Infections in Adult Male Gray-Cheeked Mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena)
International Journal of Primatology, 2015Co-Authors: Małgorzata E. Arlet, Colin A. Chapman, Lynne A. Isbell, Freerk Molleman, Raivo Mänd, Peeter Hõrak, James R. CareyAbstract:Intestinal Parasites may constitute an important evolutionary and ecological force. We aimed to identify social, physiological, and environmental factors that correlate with intestinal Parasite infections in adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys ( Lophocebus albigena ). We analyzed 102 fecal samples collected from 18 adult males over 19 mo for the incidence (proportions of samples with Parasites) and Intensity (total number of Parasites per gram of feces) of infection of nematodes relative to social status, fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites, group size, and rainfall, all of which are factors that earlier studies suggested can be important mediators of Parasite load. Parasite incidence was greater in immigrant males compared to low- and high-ranking males whereas Parasite Intensity was greater in immigrant males and low-ranking males compared to high-ranking males. Fecal samples with more Parasites had higher concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites than those with fewer Parasites. As immigrant males had a greater incidence of Parasites and higher concentrations of both metabolites than resident males, this profile appears to fit immigrant males best. We also found higher nematode intensities in mid-sized groups and during periods with more rainfall. Our results suggest that it will be fruitful for future studies to explore the role of immigrant males as spreaders of intestinal Parasites.
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contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
2015Co-Authors: Colin A. Chapman, Lynne A. Isbell, Freerk Molleman, Raivo Mänd, Peeter Hõrak, James R. Carey, Małgorzata E. ArletAbstract:Abstract Intestinal Parasites may constitute an important evolutionary and ecological force. We aimed to identify social, physiological, and environmental factors that correlate with intestinal Parasite infections in adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). We analyzed 102 fecal samples collected from 18 adult males over 19 mo for the incidence (proportions of samples with Parasites) and Intensity (total number of Parasites per gram of feces) of infection of nematodes relative to social status, fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites, group size, and rainfall, all of which are factors that earlier studies suggested can be important mediators of Parasite load. Parasite incidence was greater in immigrant males compared to low- and high-ranking males whereas Parasite Intensity was greater in immigrant males and low
Ronald J. Kendall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predicting seasonal infection of eyeworm oxyspirura petrowi and caecal worm aulonocephalus pennula in northern bobwhite quail colinus virginianus of the rolling plains ecoregion of texas usa
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2019Co-Authors: Kendall R. Blanchard, Aravindan Kalyanasundaram, Matthew Z. Brym, Cassandra Henry, James G Surles, Ronald J. KendallAbstract:The northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) is a popular gamebird in the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of West Texas. However, there has been a population decline in this area over recent decades. Consistent reports indicate a high prevalence of the eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula), which may be of major influence on the bobwhite population. While research has suggested pathological consequences and genetic relatedness to other pathologically significant Parasites, little is known about the influence of climate on these Parasites. In this study, we examined whether seasonal temperature and precipitation influences the Intensity of these Parasites in bobwhite. We also analyzed quantitative PCR results for bobwhite feces and cloacal swabs against temperature and precipitation to identify climatic impacts on Parasite reproduction in this region. Multiple linear regression analyses were used for Parasite Intensity investigation while binary logistic regression analyses were used for Parasite reproduction studies. Our analyses suggest that caecal worm Intensity, caecal worm reproduction, and eyeworm reproduction are influenced by temperature and precipitation. Temperature data was collected 15, 30, and 60 days prior to the date of collection of individual bobwhite and compared to qPCR results to generate a temperature range that may influence future eyeworm reproduction. This is the first preliminary study investigating climatic influences with predictive statistics on eyeworm and caecal worm infection of northern bobwhite in the Rolling Plains.
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Predicting seasonal infection of eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula) in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) of the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of Texas, USA
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Kendall R. Blanchard, Aravindan Kalyanasundaram, Matthew Z. Brym, Cassandra Henry, James G Surles, Ronald J. KendallAbstract:The northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) is a popular gamebird in the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of West Texas. However, there has been a population decline in this area over recent decades. Consistent reports indicate a high prevalence of the eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula), which may be of major influence on the bobwhite population. While research has suggested pathological consequences and genetic relatedness to other pathologically significant Parasites, little is known about the influence of climate on these Parasites. In this study, we examined whether seasonal temperature and precipitation influences the Intensity of these Parasites in bobwhite. We also analyzed quantitative PCR results for bobwhite feces and cloacal swabs against temperature and precipitation to identify climatic impacts on Parasite reproduction in this region. Multiple linear regression analyses were used for Parasite Intensity investigation while binary logistic regression analyses were used for Parasite reproduction studies. Our analyses suggest that caecal worm Intensity, caecal worm reproduction, and eyeworm reproduction are influenced by temperature and precipitation. Temperature data was collected 15, 30, and 60 days prior to the date of collection of individual bobwhite and compared to qPCR results to generate a temperature range that may influence future eyeworm reproduction. This is the first preliminary study investigating climatic influences with predictive statistics on eyeworm and caecal worm infection of northern bobwhite in the Rolling Plains. Keywords: Bobwhite, Caecal, Climate, Eyeworm, qPC
Małgorzata E. Arlet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social and Ecological Correlates of Parasitic Infections in Adult Male Gray-Cheeked Mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena)
International Journal of Primatology, 2015Co-Authors: Małgorzata E. Arlet, Colin A. Chapman, Lynne A. Isbell, Freerk Molleman, Raivo Mänd, Peeter Hõrak, James R. CareyAbstract:Intestinal Parasites may constitute an important evolutionary and ecological force. We aimed to identify social, physiological, and environmental factors that correlate with intestinal Parasite infections in adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys ( Lophocebus albigena ). We analyzed 102 fecal samples collected from 18 adult males over 19 mo for the incidence (proportions of samples with Parasites) and Intensity (total number of Parasites per gram of feces) of infection of nematodes relative to social status, fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites, group size, and rainfall, all of which are factors that earlier studies suggested can be important mediators of Parasite load. Parasite incidence was greater in immigrant males compared to low- and high-ranking males whereas Parasite Intensity was greater in immigrant males and low-ranking males compared to high-ranking males. Fecal samples with more Parasites had higher concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites than those with fewer Parasites. As immigrant males had a greater incidence of Parasites and higher concentrations of both metabolites than resident males, this profile appears to fit immigrant males best. We also found higher nematode intensities in mid-sized groups and during periods with more rainfall. Our results suggest that it will be fruitful for future studies to explore the role of immigrant males as spreaders of intestinal Parasites.
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contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
2015Co-Authors: Colin A. Chapman, Lynne A. Isbell, Freerk Molleman, Raivo Mänd, Peeter Hõrak, James R. Carey, Małgorzata E. ArletAbstract:Abstract Intestinal Parasites may constitute an important evolutionary and ecological force. We aimed to identify social, physiological, and environmental factors that correlate with intestinal Parasite infections in adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). We analyzed 102 fecal samples collected from 18 adult males over 19 mo for the incidence (proportions of samples with Parasites) and Intensity (total number of Parasites per gram of feces) of infection of nematodes relative to social status, fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites, group size, and rainfall, all of which are factors that earlier studies suggested can be important mediators of Parasite load. Parasite incidence was greater in immigrant males compared to low- and high-ranking males whereas Parasite Intensity was greater in immigrant males and low
Kendall R. Blanchard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predicting seasonal infection of eyeworm oxyspirura petrowi and caecal worm aulonocephalus pennula in northern bobwhite quail colinus virginianus of the rolling plains ecoregion of texas usa
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2019Co-Authors: Kendall R. Blanchard, Aravindan Kalyanasundaram, Matthew Z. Brym, Cassandra Henry, James G Surles, Ronald J. KendallAbstract:The northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) is a popular gamebird in the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of West Texas. However, there has been a population decline in this area over recent decades. Consistent reports indicate a high prevalence of the eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula), which may be of major influence on the bobwhite population. While research has suggested pathological consequences and genetic relatedness to other pathologically significant Parasites, little is known about the influence of climate on these Parasites. In this study, we examined whether seasonal temperature and precipitation influences the Intensity of these Parasites in bobwhite. We also analyzed quantitative PCR results for bobwhite feces and cloacal swabs against temperature and precipitation to identify climatic impacts on Parasite reproduction in this region. Multiple linear regression analyses were used for Parasite Intensity investigation while binary logistic regression analyses were used for Parasite reproduction studies. Our analyses suggest that caecal worm Intensity, caecal worm reproduction, and eyeworm reproduction are influenced by temperature and precipitation. Temperature data was collected 15, 30, and 60 days prior to the date of collection of individual bobwhite and compared to qPCR results to generate a temperature range that may influence future eyeworm reproduction. This is the first preliminary study investigating climatic influences with predictive statistics on eyeworm and caecal worm infection of northern bobwhite in the Rolling Plains.
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Predicting seasonal infection of eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula) in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) of the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of Texas, USA
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Kendall R. Blanchard, Aravindan Kalyanasundaram, Matthew Z. Brym, Cassandra Henry, James G Surles, Ronald J. KendallAbstract:The northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) is a popular gamebird in the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of West Texas. However, there has been a population decline in this area over recent decades. Consistent reports indicate a high prevalence of the eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula), which may be of major influence on the bobwhite population. While research has suggested pathological consequences and genetic relatedness to other pathologically significant Parasites, little is known about the influence of climate on these Parasites. In this study, we examined whether seasonal temperature and precipitation influences the Intensity of these Parasites in bobwhite. We also analyzed quantitative PCR results for bobwhite feces and cloacal swabs against temperature and precipitation to identify climatic impacts on Parasite reproduction in this region. Multiple linear regression analyses were used for Parasite Intensity investigation while binary logistic regression analyses were used for Parasite reproduction studies. Our analyses suggest that caecal worm Intensity, caecal worm reproduction, and eyeworm reproduction are influenced by temperature and precipitation. Temperature data was collected 15, 30, and 60 days prior to the date of collection of individual bobwhite and compared to qPCR results to generate a temperature range that may influence future eyeworm reproduction. This is the first preliminary study investigating climatic influences with predictive statistics on eyeworm and caecal worm infection of northern bobwhite in the Rolling Plains. Keywords: Bobwhite, Caecal, Climate, Eyeworm, qPC
Francois Mougeot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms in a cyclic species testosterone increases Parasite infection in red grouse
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2005Co-Authors: Linzi Seivwright, F Leckie, Stephen M Redpath, Francois Mougeot, Peter J HudsonAbstract:Field studies of mechanisms involved in population regulation have tended to focus on the roles of either intrinsic or extrinsic factors, but these are rarely mutually exclusive and their interactions can be crucial in determining dynamics. Experiments on red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus have shown that population instability can be caused both by the effects of a parasitic nematode, Trichostrongylus tenuis, on host production or by changes in testosterone influencing aggressive behaviour and recruitment. We experimentally tested for an interaction between testosterone and T. tenuis in free-living male grouse. A total of 123 grouse were caught in autumn, treated with an anthelmintic to remove Parasites, and then given either testosterone or empty, control, implants. After one month grouse were re-infected with a standard dose of Parasites. We show that males with increased testosterone levels had greater Parasite intensities than controls after one year. We discuss possible physiological and behavioural mechanisms linking testosterone and increased Parasite Intensity, and the implications for our understanding of complex, unstable population dynamics.
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interactions between population processes in a cyclic species Parasites reduce autumn territorial behaviour of male red grouse
Oecologia, 2005Co-Authors: Francois Mougeot, Sharon A Evans, Stephen M RedpathAbstract:The causes of population cycles fascinate and perplex ecologist. Most work have focused on single processes, whether extrinsic or intrinsic, more rarely on how different processes might interact to cause or mould the unstable population dynamics. In red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus), two causal mechanisms have been supported: territorial behaviour (changes in autumn aggressiveness) and Parasites (Parasite induced reduction in fecundity). Here, we report on how these two regulatory processes might interact, by testing whether the Parasite suspected to cause the grouse cycles, the nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis, reduces male autumn territorial behaviour. We either treated males with an anthelmintic, to remove Parasites (dosed or D-males), or challenged them with infective T. tenuis larvae, to increase Parasite Intensity (challenged or C-males). We first show that dosing was effective in removing T. tenuis Parasites, while Parasite intensities increased in challenged birds during the autumn. Because old males initially had more Parasites than young males, the treatments generated greater differences in Parasite Intensity in old than in young males. We also show that various aspects of territorial behaviour (increase in testosterone-dependent comb size in autumn, territorial call rate, likelihood of winning territorial interactions and over-winter survival) were significantly higher in dosed than in challenged males, but in old birds only. Our data thus supported the hypothesis that Parasites reduce male aggressiveness during the autumn territorial contests, and could thereby influence recruitment. Our results also highlight that the territorial behaviour of young males, which have fewer Parasites, is not as limited by Parasites as that of old, previously territorial males. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the processes regulating red grouse populations and causing their complex, unstable population dynamics.
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Ultra-violet reflectance of male and female red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus: Sexual ornaments reflect nematode Parasite Intensity
Journal of Avian Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Francois Mougeot, Stephen M Redpath, F LeckieAbstract:In many birds, females prefer males with the biggest or brightest sexual ornaments. which might reflect a higher phenotypic quality, Such as fewer Parasites. Unlike humans, most birds detect near-ultraviolet (UV) light, and UV signals can play an important role in sexual signalling and mate choice. Using a spectrophotometer, we analysed the colour of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus sexual ornaments (their combs). We first show that combs reflect both in the red (600-700 nm) and UV (300-400 mn) part of the spectrum. Second, we investigated whether comb size and colour, and UV reflectance in particular, reflected all aspect of individual quality: the Intensity of infection by a main nematode Parasite, the caecal threadworm Trichostrongylus tenuis. We first analysed comb size and colour variation, and Parasite Intensity variation, in relation to sex and age. Males had bigger and redder combs than females, but UV brightness was greater for female than for male combs. Comb colour also differed between age groups, with Young birds of both sexes showing brighter UV than old birds. Young grouse also had fewer T tenuis worms than old grouse. We further tested whether Intensity of infection Could be predicted from comb characteristics (size and colour) in male and female red grouse. We found that Parasite Intensity was not significantly related to comb size or red brightness, but fewer worms were predicted from brighter UV in combs, ill both males and females. The results indicate that UV reflectance of combs have a quality revealing function and might play an important role in grouse mate choice: UV brightness of combs could enable both male and female red grouse to assess the Parasite loads of a potential mate.
