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Antonio J Baeza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parasitic Castration in slipper limpets infested by the symbiotic crab calyptraeotheres garthi
Marine Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Emiliano Hernan Ocampo, Jesus Dario Nunez, Maximiliano Cledon, Antonio J BaezaAbstract:Fil: Ocampo, Emiliano Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina
Alexandra S Grutter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parasitic Castration of a vertebrate effect of the cymothoid isopod anilocra apogonae on the five lined cardinalfish cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
International Journal for Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Rachel M Fogelman, Armand M. Kuris, Alexandra S GrutterAbstract:Parasitic Castration, the specific blocking of host reproductive output by an individual parasite, is a host-parasite interaction common to many invertebrates, particularly crustaceans, echinoderms and molluscs. It can reduce host density, alter host population dynamics and the evolution of host life history traits. Here we show that parasitisation by a single female cymothoid isopod, Anilocra apogonae, castrates its vertebrate host, the five-lined cardinalfish, Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus. Parasitised male fish fail to mouthbrood their young. The gonads of parasitised fish are smaller and parasitised female fish have substantially fewer and smaller ova than do the gonads of unparasitised fish. As for Parasitic castrators of invertebrate hosts, A. apogonae on C. quinquelineatus are uniformly dispersed amongst infested hosts (one adult female isopod per host), are site specific, and their body size is highly correlated with that of their host. These isopods are large relative to the body size of their hosts, averaging 3.8% of the weight of the host. Parasitised fish also weigh less and are shorter than unparasitised fish of the same age. Despite the presence of other potential hosts, A. apogonae only infests C. quinquelineatus. The consistency of the ecological correlates amongst known Parasitic castrators suggests that the Parasitic castrator host-parasite relationship will be recognised for other parasites of vertebrates.
Bernard M Degnan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parasitic Castration by the digenian trematode allopodocotyle sp alters gene expression in the brain of the host mollusc haliotis asinina
FEBS Letters, 2006Co-Authors: Tamika Rice, Elizabeth A Mcgraw, Elizabeth K Obrien, Antonio Reverter, Daniel J Jackson, Bernard M DegnanAbstract:Infection of molluscs by digenean trematode parasites typically results in the repression of reproduction -- the so-called Parasitic Castration. This is known to occur by altering the expression of a range of host neuropeptide genes. Here we analyse the expression levels of 10 members of POU, Pax, Sox and Hox transcription factor gene families, along with genes encoding FMRFamide, prohormone convertase and beta-tubulin, in the brain ganglia of actively reproducing (summer), non-reproducing (winter) and infected Haliotis asinina (a vetigastropod mollusc). A number of the regulatory genes are differentially expressed in parasitised H. asinina, but in only a few cases do expression patterns in infected animals match those occurring in animals where reproduction is normally repressed.
Armand M. Kuris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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host density increases parasite recruitment but decreases host risk in a snail trematode system
Ecology, 2017Co-Authors: Julia C Buck, Ryan F Hechinger, Armand M. Kuris, Alan C Wood, Tara E Stewart, Kevin D. LaffertyAbstract:Most species aggregate in local patches. High host density in patches increases contact rate between hosts and parasites, increasing parasite transmission success. At the same time, for environmentally-transmitted parasites, high host density can decrease infection risk to individual hosts, because infective stages are divided among all hosts in a patch, leading to safety in numbers. We tested these predictions using the California horn snail, Cerithideopsis californica (=Cerithidea californica), which is the first intermediate host for at least 19 digenean trematode species in California estuaries. Snails become infected by ingesting trematode eggs or through penetration by free-swimming miracidia that hatch from trematode eggs deposited with final-host (bird or mammal) feces. This complex life cycle decouples infective-stage production from transmission, raising the possibility of an inverse relationship between host density and infection risk. In a field survey, higher snail density was associated with increased trematode (infected snail) density, but decreased trematode prevalence, consistent with either safety in numbers, Parasitic Castration, or both. To determine the extent to which safety in numbers drove the negative snail density-trematode prevalence association, we manipulated uninfected snail density in 83 cages at eight sites within Carpinteria Salt Marsh (CA, USA). At each site, we quantified snail density and used data on final-host (bird and raccoon) distributions to control for between-site variation in infective-stage supply. After three months, overall trematode infections per cage increased with snail-biomass density. For egg-transmitted trematodes, per-snail infection risk decreased with snail-biomass density in the cage and surrounding area, whereas per-snail infection risk did not decrease for miracidium-transmitted trematodes. Furthermore, both trematode recruitment and infection risk increased with infective-stage input, but this was significant only for miracidium-transmitted species. A model parameterized with our experimental results and snail densities from 524 field transects estimated that safety in numbers, when combined with host aggregation, halved per-capita infection risk in this snail population. We conclude that, depending on transmission mode, host density can enhance parasite recruitment and reduce per-capita infection risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Parasitic Castration: the evolution and ecology of body snatchers.
Trends in Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Kevin D. Lafferty, Armand M. KurisAbstract:Castration is a response to the tradeoff between consumption and longevity faced by parasites. Common Parasitic castrators include larval trematodes in snails, and isopod and barnacle parasites of crustaceans. The infected host (with its many unique properties) is the extended phenotype of the Parasitic castrator. Because an individual Parasitic castrator can usurp all the reproductive energy from a host, and that energy is limited, intra- and interspecific competition among castrators is generally intense. These parasites can be abundant and can substantially depress host density. Host populations subject to high rates of Parasitic Castration appear to respond by maturing more rapidly.
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Parasitic Castration of a vertebrate effect of the cymothoid isopod anilocra apogonae on the five lined cardinalfish cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
International Journal for Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Rachel M Fogelman, Armand M. Kuris, Alexandra S GrutterAbstract:Parasitic Castration, the specific blocking of host reproductive output by an individual parasite, is a host-parasite interaction common to many invertebrates, particularly crustaceans, echinoderms and molluscs. It can reduce host density, alter host population dynamics and the evolution of host life history traits. Here we show that parasitisation by a single female cymothoid isopod, Anilocra apogonae, castrates its vertebrate host, the five-lined cardinalfish, Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus. Parasitised male fish fail to mouthbrood their young. The gonads of parasitised fish are smaller and parasitised female fish have substantially fewer and smaller ova than do the gonads of unparasitised fish. As for Parasitic castrators of invertebrate hosts, A. apogonae on C. quinquelineatus are uniformly dispersed amongst infested hosts (one adult female isopod per host), are site specific, and their body size is highly correlated with that of their host. These isopods are large relative to the body size of their hosts, averaging 3.8% of the weight of the host. Parasitised fish also weigh less and are shorter than unparasitised fish of the same age. Despite the presence of other potential hosts, A. apogonae only infests C. quinquelineatus. The consistency of the ecological correlates amongst known Parasitic castrators suggests that the Parasitic castrator host-parasite relationship will be recognised for other parasites of vertebrates.
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How large is the hand in the puppet? Ecological and evolutionary factors affecting body mass of 15 trematode Parasitic castrators in their snail host
Evolutionary Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Ryan F Hechinger, Kevin D. Lafferty, Frank T. Mancini, Robert R. Warner, Armand M. KurisAbstract:Parasitic Castration is an adaptive strategy where the parasite usurps its host’s phenotype, most notably the host’s reproductive effort. Though castrators are loosely known to be large relative to their hosts (compared to typical parasites), their mass has rarely been quantified and little is known about size variation, even if such variation exists. By cross-sectioning snails, we examined intra- and inter-specific variation in the parasite/host mass of 15 trematode species that castrate the California horn snail, Cerithidea californica . Trematode species occupied 14–39% (mean = 20.3%) of an infected snail’s soft tissue mass. Intraspecific variation in castrator mass fluctuated with variables that covary with energy available for host reproduction. Specifically, trematode mass was 24% higher in summer than in winter, 15% greater in snails from intertidal flats than from tidal channels, and increased with host mass to the 1.37 power (a finding contrary to that previously documented for other types of parasites). Relative body mass differed across trematode species, varying interspecifically with: (1) taxonomic family, (2) host tissue use (larger species used more types of host-tissue), (3) position in the trematode interspecific competitive dominance hierarchy (the two most subordinate species were the largest, otherwise size tended to increase with dominance), and (4) type of host used by offspring (species whose offspring infect relatively predictably occurring benthic invertebrates were larger than those infecting transient vertebrates). Our findings suggest that ecological constraints and life history trade-offs between reproduction and survival influence the mass of these very large parasites.
Mantelatto Fernando - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temporal dynamic of the relationship between the Parasitic isopod Aporobopyrus curtatus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae) and the anomuran crab Petrolisthes armatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae) in southern Brazil
UNIV CATOLICA DE VALPARAISO, 2010Co-Authors: Miranda Ivana, Mantelatto FernandoAbstract:The prevalence of the parasite Aporobopyrus curtatus in Petrolisthes armatus from southern Brazil was determined, and the effect the parasite had on host reproduction was evaluated. Of all 775 crabs sampled in Araca region from March 2005 to July 2006, 3.2% presented bopyrid parasites. All the parasitized individuals had one branchial chamber occupied by two mature parasites, with no preference for the right or left chamber. Male and female hosts were infested in equal proportions. Parasitized juveniles, large individuals and ovigerous females were not found in our study. The absence of parasitized ovigerous females seems to be insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis of Parasitic Castration and would require a histological study to confirm their reproductive death. The percentage of infestation observed in our study (3.1%) is lower than the one found in other studies and it could indicate the existence of factor(s) regulating the density of A. curtatus in the Araca region. At least in this population, the low but constant presence of the bopyrid A. curtatus population did not appear to have a negative effect on the porcellanid population, and parasitized individuals did not play a significant role in the natural history of P. armatus
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Temporal dynamic of the relationship between the Parasitic isopod Aporobopyrus curtatus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae) and the anomuran crab Petrolisthes armatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae) in southern Brazil
UNIV CATOLICA DE VALPARAISO, 2010Co-Authors: Miranda Ivana, Mantelatto FernandoAbstract:The prevalence of the parasite Aporobopyrus curtatus in Petrolisthes armatus from southern Brazil was determined, and the effect the parasite had on host reproduction was evaluated. Of all 775 crabs sampled in Araca region from March 2005 to July 2006, 3.2% presented bopyrid parasites. All the parasitized individuals had one branchial chamber occupied by two mature parasites, with no preference for the right or left chamber. Male and female hosts were infested in equal proportions. Parasitized juveniles, large individuals and ovigerous females were not found in our study. The absence of parasitized ovigerous females seems to be insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis of Parasitic Castration and would require a histological study to confirm their reproductive death. The percentage of infestation observed in our study (3.1%) is lower than the one found in other studies and it could indicate the existence of factor(s) regulating the density of A. curtatus in the Araca region. At least in this population, the low but constant presence of the bopyrid A. curtatus population did not appear to have a negative effect on the porcellanid population, and parasitized individuals did not play a significant role in the natural history of P. armatus.CAPESCNPqUniversidade de São Paulo - Postgraduate Program in Comparative Biology of FFCLRP/USPUniversidade de São Paulo - Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar/USP)[02027.002161/2005-88
