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Csaba Fekete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efferent projections of thyrotropin releasing hormone synthesizing neurons residing in the anterior parvocellular subdivision of the hypoThalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2009Co-Authors: Gabor Wittmann, Tamas Fuzesi, Praful S Singru, Zsolt Liposits, Ronald M Lechan, Csaba FeketeAbstract:The anterior parvocellular subdivision of the PVN (aPVN) contains non-hypophysiotropic TRH neurons that are densely innervated by feeding-related neuronal groups of the hypoThalamic arcuate Nucleus. To determine how these TRH neurons are integrated within the brain, the major projection fields of this cell group was studied by anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing methods. Projection sites were identified by injection of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin (PHAL) into the aPVN, and subsequent double immunofluorescent staining was used to visualize axons containing both PHAL and proTRH. To distinguish between the projection sites of TRH neurons residing in the aPVN and the closely situated perifornical area. the retrograde tracer, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), was injected into regions where PHAL/proTRH-containing axons were densely accumulated. TRH neurons in the aPVN were found to project to the hypoThalamic arcuate, dorsomedial and ventral premammillary nuclei, medial preoptic region, tuber cinereum area, Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septal Nucleus and central amygdaloid Nucleus. Projection fields of perifornical TRH neurons were in partial overlap with that of the aPVN TRH cells. In addition, these neurons also innervated the hypoThalamic ventromedial Nucleus, the medial amygdaloid Nucleus and the amygdalo-hippocampal area. These data suggest that through its efferent connections, aPVN TRH neurons may be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis co-ordinately with effects on behavior, locomotor activity and thermogenesis. In addition, the major differences in the projection fields of aPVN and perifornical TRH neurons suggest that these two TRH-synthesizing neuronal groups are functionally different.
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efferent projections of thyrotropin releasing hormone synthesizing neurons residing in the anterior parvocellular subdivision of the hypoThalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2009Co-Authors: Gabor Wittmann, Tamas Fuzesi, Praful S Singru, Zsolt Liposits, Ronald M Lechan, Csaba FeketeAbstract:The anterior parvocellular subdivision of the PVN (aPVN) contains nonhypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons that are densely innervated by feeding-related neuronal groups of the hypoThalamic arcuate Nucleus. To determine how these TRH neurons are integrated within the brain, the major projection fields of this cell group were studied by anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing methods. Projection sites were identified by injection of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) into the aPVN, and subsequent double immunofluorescent staining was used to visualize axons containing both PHAL and pro-TRH. To distinguish between the projection sites of TRH neurons residing in the aPVN and the closely situated perifornical area, the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was injected into regions where PHAL/pro-TRH-containing axons were densely accumulated. TRH neurons in the aPVN were found to project to the hypoThalamic arcuate, dorsomedial and ventral premammillary nuclei, medial preoptic region, tuber cinereum area, Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septal Nucleus, and central amygdaloid Nucleus. Projection fields of perifornical TRH neurons were in partial overlap with those of the aPVN TRH cells. In addition, these neurons also innervated the hypoThalamic ventromedial Nucleus, the medial amygdaloid Nucleus, and the amygdalohippocampal area. The data suggest that, through its efferent connections, aPVN TRH neurons may be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis coordinately with effects on behavior, locomotor activity, and thermogenesis. In addition, the major differences in the projection fields of aPVN and perifornical TRH neurons suggest that these two TRH-synthesizing neuronal groups are functionally different.
Robert Y Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the mouse retinal innervation intrinsic organization and efferent projections
Brain Research, 2001Co-Authors: Eric E Abrahamson, Robert Y MooreAbstract:Abstract The suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) is the principal circadian pacemaker of the mammalian circadian timing system. The SCN is composed of two anatomically and functionally distinct subdivisions, designated core and shell, which can be distinguished on the basis of their chemoarchitecture and connections in the rat. In the present study, we examine the intrinsic organization and the afferent and efferent connections of the mouse SCN using immunocytochemistry and ocular injections of cholera toxin. Neurons of the SCN shell contain GABA, calbindin (CALB), arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (AII) and met-enkephalin (mENK), and receive input from galanin (GAL) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactive fibers. Neurons of the SCN core synthesize GABA, CALB, VIP, calretinin (CALR), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), and neurotensin (NT), and receive input from the retina and from fibers that contain neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). Fibers projecting from SCN neurons that are immunoreactive for AVP and VIP exhibit a characteristic morphology, and project to the lateral septum, a series of medial hypoThalamic areas extending from the preoptic to the posterior hypoThalamic area and to the Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus. The organization of the mouse SCN, and its connections, are similar to that in other mammalian species.
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topographic organization of suprachiasmatic Nucleus projection neurons
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2001Co-Authors: Rehana K Leak, Robert Y MooreAbstract:The mammalian circadian pacemaker, the hypoThalamic suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), has two subdivisions. The core is located above the optic chiasm, receives primary and secondary visual afferents, and contains neurons producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin-releasing peptide. The shell largely surrounds the core, receives input from nonvisual sources and contains neurons producing arginine vasopressin and calretinin. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SCN efferent projections are topographically organized with respect to the subdivision of origin. Injections of retrograde tracers were placed in major sites of efferent termination, described from prior studies that used anterograde tracers (Watts and Swanson, [1987] J. Comp. Neurol. 258:230–252; Watts et al. [1987] J. Comp. Neurol. 258:204–229). After retrograde tracer injections in the medial preoptic area, dorsomedial and Paraventricular hypoThalamic nuclei, bed Nucleus of stria terminalis, Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, zona incerta, and medial subParaventricular zone, retrogradely labeled SCN cells are clustered in the shell with few labeled neurons in the core. After injections centered in the lateral subParaventricular zone, peri-suprachiasmatic region, lateral septum, or ventral tuberal area, the majority of neuronal label is in the core with moderate to sparse neuronal label in the shell. Both subdivisions are labeled after injections in the paratenial Thalamic Nucleus. The same pattern of retrograde labeling is found with four tracers, cholera toxin-β subunit, Fluoro-Gold, the Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus, and biotinylated dextran amine. These data extend our understanding of the significance of the division of the SCN into shell and core by demonstrating that the subdivisions differ in the pattern of projections. Together with prior observations that the subdivisions differ with respect to afferents, local connections, and neuroactive substances, the present study provides an anatomic basis for discrete control of circadian function by the SCN core and shell. In this novel view, the nature of the signal conveyed to areas receiving core or shell projections varies as a function of the subdivision from which innervation is derived. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:312–334, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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efferent projections of the Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus in the rat
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Margaret M Moga, Roger Weis, Robert Y MooreAbstract:The Paraventricular Nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) receives input from all major components of the circadian timing system, including the suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), the intergeniculate leaflet and the retina. For a better understanding of the role of this Nucleus in circadian timing, we examined the distribution of its efferent projections using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgarl's leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). The efferent projections of the PVT are loosely organized along its dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes. The anterior PVT sends projections to the SCN; the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypoThalamic nuclei; the lateral septum; the bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis; the central and basomedial amygdaloid. nuclei; the anterior olfactory Nucleus; the olfactory tubercle; the Nucleus accumbens; the infralimbic, piriform, and perirhinal cortices; the ventral subiculum; and the endopiriform Nucleus. A small PHA-L injection, restricted to the ventral portion of the anterior PVT, produces a similar pattern of labeling, except for a marked decrease in the number of labeled fibers in the hypothalamus, cortex, and lateral septum and an increase in labeling in the endopiriform Nucleus and basolateral amygdaloid Nucleus. The posterior PVT has a more limited efferent distribution than the anterior PVT, terminating in the anterior olfactory Nucleus; the olfactory tubercle; the Nucleus accumbens; and the central, basolateral, and basomedial nuclei of the amygdala. Our results show that the anterior PVT is ideally situated to relay circadian timing information from the SCN to brain areas involved in visceral and motivational aspects of behavior and to provide feedback regulation of the SCN. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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efferent projections of the Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus in the rat
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Margaret M Moga, Roger Weis, Robert Y MooreAbstract:The Paraventricular Nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) receives input from all major components of the circadian timing system, including the suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), the intergeniculate leaflet and the retina. For a better understanding of the role of this Nucleus in circadian timing, we examined the distribution of its efferent projections using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). The efferent projections of the PVT are loosely organized along its dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes. The anterior PVT sends projections to the SCN; the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypoThalamic nuclei; the lateral septum; the bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis; the central and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei; the anterior olfactory Nucleus; the olfactory tubercle; the Nucleus accumbens; the infralimbic, piriform, and perirhinal cortices; the ventral subiculum; and the endopiriform Nucleus. A small PHA-L injection, restricted to the ventral portion of the anterior PVT, produces a similar pattern of labeling, except for a marked decrease in the number of labeled fibers in the hypothalamus, cortex, and lateral septum and an increase in labeling in the endopiriform Nucleus and basolateral amygdaloid Nucleus. The posterior PVT has a more limited efferent distribution than the anterior PVT, terminating in the anterior olfactory Nucleus; the olfactory tubercle; the Nucleus accumbens; and the central, basolateral, and basomedial nuclei of the amygdala. Our results show that the anterior PVT is ideally situated to relay circadian timing information from the SCN to brain areas involved in visceral and motivational aspects of behavior and to provide feedback regulation of the SCN.
Ronald M Lechan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efferent projections of thyrotropin releasing hormone synthesizing neurons residing in the anterior parvocellular subdivision of the hypoThalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2009Co-Authors: Gabor Wittmann, Tamas Fuzesi, Praful S Singru, Zsolt Liposits, Ronald M Lechan, Csaba FeketeAbstract:The anterior parvocellular subdivision of the PVN (aPVN) contains non-hypophysiotropic TRH neurons that are densely innervated by feeding-related neuronal groups of the hypoThalamic arcuate Nucleus. To determine how these TRH neurons are integrated within the brain, the major projection fields of this cell group was studied by anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing methods. Projection sites were identified by injection of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin (PHAL) into the aPVN, and subsequent double immunofluorescent staining was used to visualize axons containing both PHAL and proTRH. To distinguish between the projection sites of TRH neurons residing in the aPVN and the closely situated perifornical area. the retrograde tracer, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), was injected into regions where PHAL/proTRH-containing axons were densely accumulated. TRH neurons in the aPVN were found to project to the hypoThalamic arcuate, dorsomedial and ventral premammillary nuclei, medial preoptic region, tuber cinereum area, Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septal Nucleus and central amygdaloid Nucleus. Projection fields of perifornical TRH neurons were in partial overlap with that of the aPVN TRH cells. In addition, these neurons also innervated the hypoThalamic ventromedial Nucleus, the medial amygdaloid Nucleus and the amygdalo-hippocampal area. These data suggest that through its efferent connections, aPVN TRH neurons may be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis co-ordinately with effects on behavior, locomotor activity and thermogenesis. In addition, the major differences in the projection fields of aPVN and perifornical TRH neurons suggest that these two TRH-synthesizing neuronal groups are functionally different.
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efferent projections of thyrotropin releasing hormone synthesizing neurons residing in the anterior parvocellular subdivision of the hypoThalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2009Co-Authors: Gabor Wittmann, Tamas Fuzesi, Praful S Singru, Zsolt Liposits, Ronald M Lechan, Csaba FeketeAbstract:The anterior parvocellular subdivision of the PVN (aPVN) contains nonhypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons that are densely innervated by feeding-related neuronal groups of the hypoThalamic arcuate Nucleus. To determine how these TRH neurons are integrated within the brain, the major projection fields of this cell group were studied by anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing methods. Projection sites were identified by injection of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) into the aPVN, and subsequent double immunofluorescent staining was used to visualize axons containing both PHAL and pro-TRH. To distinguish between the projection sites of TRH neurons residing in the aPVN and the closely situated perifornical area, the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was injected into regions where PHAL/pro-TRH-containing axons were densely accumulated. TRH neurons in the aPVN were found to project to the hypoThalamic arcuate, dorsomedial and ventral premammillary nuclei, medial preoptic region, tuber cinereum area, Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septal Nucleus, and central amygdaloid Nucleus. Projection fields of perifornical TRH neurons were in partial overlap with those of the aPVN TRH cells. In addition, these neurons also innervated the hypoThalamic ventromedial Nucleus, the medial amygdaloid Nucleus, and the amygdalohippocampal area. The data suggest that, through its efferent connections, aPVN TRH neurons may be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis coordinately with effects on behavior, locomotor activity, and thermogenesis. In addition, the major differences in the projection fields of aPVN and perifornical TRH neurons suggest that these two TRH-synthesizing neuronal groups are functionally different.
Zsolt Liposits - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efferent projections of thyrotropin releasing hormone synthesizing neurons residing in the anterior parvocellular subdivision of the hypoThalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2009Co-Authors: Gabor Wittmann, Tamas Fuzesi, Praful S Singru, Zsolt Liposits, Ronald M Lechan, Csaba FeketeAbstract:The anterior parvocellular subdivision of the PVN (aPVN) contains non-hypophysiotropic TRH neurons that are densely innervated by feeding-related neuronal groups of the hypoThalamic arcuate Nucleus. To determine how these TRH neurons are integrated within the brain, the major projection fields of this cell group was studied by anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing methods. Projection sites were identified by injection of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin (PHAL) into the aPVN, and subsequent double immunofluorescent staining was used to visualize axons containing both PHAL and proTRH. To distinguish between the projection sites of TRH neurons residing in the aPVN and the closely situated perifornical area. the retrograde tracer, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), was injected into regions where PHAL/proTRH-containing axons were densely accumulated. TRH neurons in the aPVN were found to project to the hypoThalamic arcuate, dorsomedial and ventral premammillary nuclei, medial preoptic region, tuber cinereum area, Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septal Nucleus and central amygdaloid Nucleus. Projection fields of perifornical TRH neurons were in partial overlap with that of the aPVN TRH cells. In addition, these neurons also innervated the hypoThalamic ventromedial Nucleus, the medial amygdaloid Nucleus and the amygdalo-hippocampal area. These data suggest that through its efferent connections, aPVN TRH neurons may be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis co-ordinately with effects on behavior, locomotor activity and thermogenesis. In addition, the major differences in the projection fields of aPVN and perifornical TRH neurons suggest that these two TRH-synthesizing neuronal groups are functionally different.
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efferent projections of thyrotropin releasing hormone synthesizing neurons residing in the anterior parvocellular subdivision of the hypoThalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2009Co-Authors: Gabor Wittmann, Tamas Fuzesi, Praful S Singru, Zsolt Liposits, Ronald M Lechan, Csaba FeketeAbstract:The anterior parvocellular subdivision of the PVN (aPVN) contains nonhypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons that are densely innervated by feeding-related neuronal groups of the hypoThalamic arcuate Nucleus. To determine how these TRH neurons are integrated within the brain, the major projection fields of this cell group were studied by anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing methods. Projection sites were identified by injection of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) into the aPVN, and subsequent double immunofluorescent staining was used to visualize axons containing both PHAL and pro-TRH. To distinguish between the projection sites of TRH neurons residing in the aPVN and the closely situated perifornical area, the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was injected into regions where PHAL/pro-TRH-containing axons were densely accumulated. TRH neurons in the aPVN were found to project to the hypoThalamic arcuate, dorsomedial and ventral premammillary nuclei, medial preoptic region, tuber cinereum area, Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septal Nucleus, and central amygdaloid Nucleus. Projection fields of perifornical TRH neurons were in partial overlap with those of the aPVN TRH cells. In addition, these neurons also innervated the hypoThalamic ventromedial Nucleus, the medial amygdaloid Nucleus, and the amygdalohippocampal area. The data suggest that, through its efferent connections, aPVN TRH neurons may be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis coordinately with effects on behavior, locomotor activity, and thermogenesis. In addition, the major differences in the projection fields of aPVN and perifornical TRH neurons suggest that these two TRH-synthesizing neuronal groups are functionally different.
Arthur D. Loewy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inputs to the ventrolateral bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2008Co-Authors: Jungwon Shin, Joel C Geerling, Arthur D. LoewyAbstract:The ventrolateral bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTvl) receives direct input from two specific subpopulations of neurons in the Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). It is heavily innervated by aldosterone-sensitive NTS neurons, which are selectively activated by sodium depletion, and by the A2 noradrenergic neurons, which are activated by visceral, immune- and stress-related stimuli. Here, we used a retrograde neuronal tracer to identify other brain sites that innervate the BSTvl. Five general brain regions contained retrogradely labeled neurons: cerebral cortex (infralimbic and insular regions), rostral forebrain structures (subfornical organ, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, taenia tecta, Nucleus accumbens, lateral septum, endopiriform Nucleus, dorsal BST, substantia innominata, and most prominently the amygdala – primarily its basomedial and central subnuclei), thalamus (central medial, intermediodorsal, reuniens, and most prominently the Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus), hypothalamus (medial preoptic area, perifornical, arcuate, dorsomedial, parasubThalamic, and posterior hypoThalamic nuclei), and brainstem (periaqueductal gray matter, dorsal and central superior raphe nuclei, parabrachial Nucleus, pre-locus coeruleus region, NTS, and A1 noradrenergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla). In the arcuate hypoThalamic Nucleus, some retrogradely-labeled neurons contained either agouti-related peptide or cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript. Of the numerous retrogradely labeled neurons in the perifornical hypoThalamic area, few contained melanin concentrating hormone or orexin. In the brainstem, many retrogradely labeled neurons were either serotoninergic or catecholaminergic. In summary, the BSTvl receives inputs from a variety of brain sites implicated in hunger, salt and water intake, stress, arousal, and reward.
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cns inputs to the suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the rat
Neuroscience, 2002Co-Authors: Karl E. Krout, J Kawano, Thomas C Mettenleiter, Arthur D. LoewyAbstract:Abstract The neural circuits that modulate the suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) of the rat were studied with the retrograde transneuronal tracer – pseudorabies virus. First-order afferents were also identified using cholera toxin β subunit. Olfactory processing regions (viz., main olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory Nucleus, taenia tecta, endopiriform Nucleus, medial amygdaloid Nucleus, piriform cortex, and posteriomedial cortical amygdaloid Nucleus) were virally labeled. The subfornical organ directly innervates SCN; two other circumventricular organs: organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and area postrema provide multisynaptic inputs. Direct limbic afferents arise from lateral septum, bed Nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdalohippocampal zone, and ventral subiculum; multineuronal connections come from the basolateral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei, ventral hippocampus, amygdalopiriform area, as well as lateral entorhinal, perirhinal, and ectorhinal cortices. Most preoptic regions project directly to SCN. Multisynaptic inputs come from the lateral preoptic region. HypoThalamic inputs originate from the anterior, arcuate, dorsal, dorsomedial, lateral, Paraventricular, posterior, periventricular posterior, retrochiasmatic, subParaventricular, ventromedial and tuberomammillary nuclei. Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, intergeniculate leaflet and zona incerta directly innervate SCN. Polyneuronal inputs arise from the subparafascicular parvicellular Thalamic Nucleus. Brainstem afferents originate from the pretectum, superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray matter, parabrachial Nucleus, pedunculopontine Nucleus, raphe system, locus coeruleus, Nucleus incertus and reticular formation. Nucleus tractus solitarius, C3 catecholamine region, rostral ventrolateral medulla and spinal trigeminal Nucleus provide indirect inputs. We propose that the SCN receives feedback primarily from interoceptive systems such as the circumventricular, autonomic, and neuroendocrine systems that are important in the central regulation of glucose metabolism (e.g., insulin and glucocorticoids).
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superior colliculus projections to midline and intralaminar Thalamic nuclei of the rat
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2001Co-Authors: Karl E. Krout, Arthur D. Loewy, G Max W Westby, Peter RedgraveAbstract:The superior colliculus (SC) projections to the midline and intralaminar Thalamic nuclei were examined in the rat. The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β (CTb) was injected into one of the midline Thalamic nuclei—Paraventricular, intermediodorsal, rhomboid, reuniens, submedius, mediodorsal, paratenial, anteroventral, caudal ventromedial, or parvicellular part of the ventral posteriomedial Nucleus—or into one of the intralaminar Thalamic nuclei—medial parafascicular, lateral parafascicular, central medial, paracentral, oval paracentral, or central lateral Nucleus. After 10–14 days, the brains from these animals were processed histochemically, and the retrogradely labeled neurons in the SC were mapped. The lateral sector of the intermediate gray and white layers of the SC send axonal projections to the medial and lateral parafascicular, central lateral, paracentral, central medial, rhomboid, reuniens, and submedius nuclei. The medial sector of the intermediate and deep SC layers project to the parafascicular and central lateral Thalamic nuclei. The Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus is innervated almost exclusively by the medial sectors of the deep SC layers. The superficial gray and optic layers of the SC do not project to any of these Thalamic areas. The discussion focuses on the role these SC-Thalamic inputs may have on forebrain circuits controlling orienting and defense (i.e., fight-or-flight) reactions. J. Comp. Neurol. 431:198–216, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Parabrachial Nucleus projections to midline and intralaminar Thalamic nuclei of the rat.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Karl E. Krout, Arthur D. LoewyAbstract:The projections from the parabrachial Nucleus to the midline and intralaminar Thalamic nuclei were examined in the rat. Stereotaxic injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin-β (CTb) were made in each of the intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (the lateral parafascicular, medial parafascicular, oval paracentral, central lateral, paracentral, and central medial nuclei), as well as the midline Thalamic nuclei (the Paraventricular, intermediodorsal, mediodorsal, paratenial, rhomboid, reuniens, parvicellular part of the ventral posterior, and caudal ventral medial nuclei). The retrograde cell body labeling pattern within the parabrachial subnuclei was then analyzed. The paracentral Thalamic Nucleus received an input only from the internal lateral parabrachial subNucleus. However, this subNucleus also projected to all the other intralaminar Thalamic nuclei, except for the central lateral Thalamic Nucleus, which received no parabrachial afferent inputs. The external lateral parabrachial subNucleus projected to the lateral parafascicular, reuniens, central medial, parvicellular part of the ventral posterior, and caudal ventromedial Thalamic nuclei. Following CTb injections in the Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus, retrogradely labeled cells were found in the central lateral, dorsal lateral, and external lateral parabrachial subnuclei. The medial and ventral lateral parabrachial subnuclei projected to the oval paracentral, parafascicular, and rhomboid Thalamic nuclei. Finally, the waist area of the parabrachial Nucleus was densely labeled after CTb injections in the parvicellular part of the ventral posterior Thalamic Nucleus. Nociceptive, visceral, and gustatory signals may reach specific cortical and other forebrain sites via this parabrachial-Thalamic pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 428:475–494, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
