The Experts below are selected from a list of 2010 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kenneth J. Mutton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and evaluation of a real time rt pcr for the detection of enterovirus and Parechovirus rna in csf and throat swab samples
Journal of Medical Virology, 2002Co-Authors: Caroline E. Corless, Raymond Borrow, Andrew J. Fox, Edward B. Kaczmarski, Malcolm Guiver, Valerie Edwardsjones, Kenneth J. MuttonAbstract:A two-step reverse transcriptase TaqMan™ duplex PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed using the ABI 7700 Sequence Detection System for the detection of enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus type 1 and 2 (PEV) RNA from samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and throat swabs. Using sequence-specific fluorescent dye labeled probes and continuous real-time monitoring, PCR amplified product accumulation was measured. Based on limiting dilutions, the TaqMan™ enterovirus and Parechovirus RT-PCR showed an increase of two orders of magnitude compared to cell culture with sensitivity of 100% (7/7) when assessed using enterovirus cell culture positive samples (CSF, TS). The assays were specific for enterovirus and Parechovirus and did not amplify a wide selection of virus and bacterial isolates. RNA was amplified from 22 enterovirus serotypes: coxsackie A7, A9, A21; coxsackie B2, B3, B4, B5; echovirus 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31; poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, and Parechovirus types 1 and 2. The assay was used to assess the incidence of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in cell culture negative CSF and throat swab samples (n = 200). An additional 33 (15.9%) enterovirus and 2 (1%) Parechovirus were identified as positive by RT-PCR. Also, of 100 CSF samples from suspected cases of meningococcal meningitis submitted for meningococcal PCR testing, 59 (59%) were enterovirus and 2 (2%) Parechovirus 1 and 2 were positive by RT-PCR. The TaqManTM duplex assay offers a more rapid and sensitive alternative to conventional cell culture for the diagnosis of enterovirus and Parechovirus infection. Closed tube real-time detection using the ABI Sequence Detection System obviates the need for post-PCR manipulation, which reduces hands on time and eliminates the risk of contamination from amplified PCR product. J. Med. Virol. 67:555-562, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Development and evaluation of a ‘real-time’ RT-PCR for the detection of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in CSF and throat swab samples
Journal of medical virology, 2002Co-Authors: Caroline E. Corless, Raymond Borrow, Andrew J. Fox, Valerie Edwards-jones, Edward B. Kaczmarski, Malcolm Guiver, Kenneth J. MuttonAbstract:A two-step reverse transcriptase TaqMantrade mark duplex PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed using the ABI 7700 Sequence Detection System for the detection of enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus type 1 and 2 (PEV) RNA from samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and throat swabs. Using sequence-specific fluorescent dye labeled probes and continuous 'real-time' monitoring, PCR amplified product accumulation was measured. Based on limiting dilutions, the TaqMantrade mark enterovirus and Parechovirus RT-PCR showed an increase of two orders of magnitude compared to cell culture with sensitivity of 100% (7/7) when assessed using enterovirus cell culture positive samples (CSF, TS). The assays were specific for enterovirus and Parechovirus and did not amplify a wide selection of virus and bacterial isolates. RNA was amplified from 22 enterovirus serotypes: coxsackie A7, A9, A21; coxsackie B2, B3, B4, B5; echovirus 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31; poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, and Parechovirus types 1 and 2. The assay was used to assess the incidence of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in cell culture negative CSF and throat swab samples (n = 200). An additional 33 (15.9%) enterovirus and 2 (1%) Parechovirus were identified as positive by RT-PCR. Also, of 100 CSF samples from suspected cases of meningococcal meningitis submitted for meningococcal PCR testing, 59 (59%) were enterovirus and 2 (2%) Parechovirus 1 and 2 were positive by RT-PCR. The TaqMantrade mark duplex assay offers a more rapid and sensitive alternative to conventional cell culture for the diagnosis of enterovirus and Parechovirus infection. Closed tube real-time detection using the ABI Sequence Detection System obviates the need for post-PCR manipulation, which reduces hands on time and eliminates the risk of contamination from amplified PCR product.
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Development and evaluation of a 'real-time' RT-PCR for the detection of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in CSF and throat swab samples
Journal of Medical Virology, 2002Co-Authors: Caroline E. Corless, Raymond Borrow, Andrew J. Fox, Valerie Edwards-jones, Edward B. Kaczmarski, Malcolm Guiver, Kenneth J. MuttonAbstract:A two-step reverse transcriptase TaqMantrade mark duplex PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed using the ABI 7700 Sequence Detection System for the detection of enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus type 1 and 2 (PEV) RNA from samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and throat swabs. Using sequence-specific fluorescent dye labeled probes and continuous 'real-time' monitoring, PCR amplified product accumulation was measured. Based on limiting dilutions, the TaqMantrade mark enterovirus and Parechovirus RT-PCR showed an increase of two orders of magnitude compared to cell culture with sensitivity of 100% (7/7) when assessed using enterovirus cell culture positive samples (CSF, TS). The assays were specific for enterovirus and Parechovirus and did not amplify a wide selection of virus and bacterial isolates. RNA was amplified from 22 enterovirus serotypes: coxsackie A7, A9, A21; coxsackie B2, B3, B4, B5; echovirus 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31; poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, and Parechovirus types 1 and 2. The assay was used to assess the incidence of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in cell culture negative CSF and throat swab samples (n = 200). An additional 33 (15.9%) enterovirus and 2 (1%) Parechovirus were identified as positive by RT-PCR. Also, of 100 CSF samples from suspected cases of meningococcal meningitis submitted for meningococcal PCR testing, 59 (59%) were enterovirus and 2 (2%) Parechovirus 1 and 2 were positive by RT-PCR. The TaqMantrade mark duplex assay offers a more rapid and sensitive alternative to conventional cell culture for the diagnosis of enterovirus and Parechovirus infection. Closed tube real-time detection using the ABI Sequence Detection System obviates the need for post-PCR manipulation, which reduces hands on time and eliminates the risk of contamination from amplified PCR product.
Kjersti S. Rønningen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parechovirus Infection in Early Childhood and Association With Subsequent Celiac Disease.
The American journal of gastroenterology, 2020Co-Authors: German Tapia, Trond Rasmussen, Kjersti S. Rønningen, Lars C. Stene, Kateřina Chudá, Christian R Kahrs, Lenka Kramna, Karl Mårild, Ondřej Cinek, Ketil StørdalAbstract:Introduction To test whether Parechovirus and anellovirus, frequent enteric viruses, were associated with subsequent celiac disease (CD). We hypothesized that children who later developed CD would have increased frequency of Parechovirus infections before transglutaminase 2 (TG2) antibody development. Anellovirus testing was exploratory, as a potential marker of immune status. Methods Matched case-control design nested within a longitudinal birth cohort (the MIDIA study) of children at genetic risk of CD (carrying the human leukocyte antigen genotype DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2, recruited throughout Norway during 2001-2007). We retrospectively tested blood samples taken at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and then annually, to determine when TG2 antibodies developed. Of 220 genetically at-risk children tested, 25 were diagnosed with CD (cases; ESPGHAN 2012 criteria) and matched for follow-up time, birthdate, and county of residence with 2 randomly selected children free from CD (controls) from the cohort. Viruses were quantified in monthly stool samples (collected from 3 through 35 months of age) using real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Results Parechovirus was detected in 222 of 2,005 stool samples (11.1%) and was more frequent in samples from cases before developing TG2 antibodies (adjusted odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.14-2.45, P = 0.01). The odds ratio was higher when a sample was positive for both Parechovirus and enterovirus (adjusted odds ratio 4.73, 95% confidence interval 1.26-17.67, P = 0.02). Anellovirus was detected in 1,540 of 1,829 samples (84.2%), but did not differ significantly between case and control subjects. Discussion Early-life Parechovirus infections were associated with development of CD in genetically at-risk children.
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Parechovirus infection in early childhood and association with subsequent celiac disease.
2020Co-Authors: German Tapia, Trond Rasmussen, Kjersti S. Rønningen, Lars C. Stene, Kateřina Chudá, Christian R Kahrs, Lenka Kramna, Karl Mårild, Ondřej Cinek, Ketil StørdalAbstract:ABSTRACT Importance Celiac disease is an increasingly common immune-mediated disorder. The potential role of infections in celiac disease development is not well characterized. Objective To test whether two frequent enteric viruses, Parechovirus and anellovirus, were associated with subsequent celiac disease. Our a priori hypothesis was that children who later developed celiac disease would have a higher frequency of Parechovirus infections before transglutaminase 2 antibody development. Anellovirus testing was exploratory, as a potential marker of immune status. Design Matched case-control design nested within a longitudinal birth cohort (the MIDIA study) of children at genetic risk for celiac disease. Setting Children carrying the HLA genotype DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2, recruited at birth from the general population throughout Norway during 2001–2007. Participants Of 220 genetically at-risk children tested for celiac disease, 25 fulfilled the case criteria. Each case was matched for follow-up time, birthdate, and county of residence with two randomly selected children free from celiac disease (controls) from the cohort. Exposures Parechoviruses, the primary exposure, are infectious agents capable of replication at high virus loads. Anellovirus, previously proposed to reflect immune status, represent a ubiquitous viral exposure at low loads. Viruses were detected and quantified in monthly stool samples (collected from 3 through 35 months of age) using real-time PCR methods. Main outcome and measures Celiac disease diagnosis according to ESPGHAN 2012 criteria. We retrospectively tested blood samples taken at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and then annually to determine when transglutaminase 2 antibodies developed. Results Parechovirus was detected in 222 of 2005 stool samples (11.1%), and was more frequent in samples from cases before developing transglutaminase 2 antibodies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.67, 95% CI 1.14–2.45, P=0.01). The odds ratio was higher when both Parechovirus and enterovirus were positive in the same sample (aOR 4.73, 95% CI 1.26–17.67, P=0.02). Anellovirus was detected in 1540 of 1829 samples (84.2%). Anellovirus status did not differ significantly between case and control subjects. Conclusions and Relevance Parechovirus infections in early life were associated with development of celiac disease in genetically at-risk children, suggesting a novel preventive target if confirmed in future studies. Key points Question Are Parechovirus infections associated with development of celiac disease in childhood? Findings In this case-control study, nested in a cohort of children genetically at risk for celiac disease, a higher frequency of Parechovirus gut infections (tested in monthly stool samples) were associated with later celiac disease. Coinfection with both Parechovirus and enterovirus was associated with a markedly increased risk for later celiac disease. Meaning The association observed between Parechovirus and future celiac disease, suggests that these common enteric infections could play a role in celiac disease development.
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Longitudinal study of Parechovirus infection in infancy and risk of repeated positivity for multiple islet autoantibodies: the MIDIA study.
Pediatric diabetes, 2011Co-Authors: German Tapia, Ondrej Cinek, Trond Rasmussen, Bjørn Grinde, Lars C. Stene, Kjersti S. RønningenAbstract:Tapia G, Cinek O, Rasmussen T, Grinde B, Stene LC, Ronningen KS. Longitudinal study of Parechovirus infection in infancy and risk of repeated positivity for multiple islet autoantibodies: the MIDIA study. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible association between human Parechovirus infections in early infancy, diagnosed in fecal samples, and the development of islet autoimmunity. In the ‘Environmental Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes: The MIDIA study’, newborns with the highest genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were identified and followed with regular fecal sampling and questionnaires. A nested case–control study, including 27 children who developed islet autoimmunity (repeatedly positive for two or three autoantibodies) and 53 children matched for age and community of residence was used. Monthly stool samples from these children were analyzed for human Parechovirus using a semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of human Parechovirus in stool samples when cases and controls were compared: 13.0 and 11.1%, respectively. There was also not any difference as to the number of infection episodes. In analyses restricted to samples collected 3, 6 or 12 months prior to seroconversion for islet autoantibodies, there was a suggestive association in the shortest time window of 3 months (20.8 vs. 8.8%, odds ratio = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2 - 8.5, uncorrected p = 0.022). No symptoms were associated with human Parechovirus infection. A subset of the positive samples (n = 31) were sequenced, suggesting that human Parechovirus 1 was the dominant genotype. The present study does not support strong associations between human Parechovirus infections and the signs of islet autoimmunity. The weak association of Parechovirus present in the last 3 months before development of autoimmunity warrants further investigation.
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Longitudinal observation of Parechovirus in stool samples from Norwegian infants.
Journal of medical virology, 2008Co-Authors: German Tapia, Ondrej Cinek, Elisabet Witsø, Michal Kulich, Trond Rasmussen, Bjørn Grinde, Kjersti S. RønningenAbstract:Parechoviruses are assumed to be common infectious agents, but their epidemiologic and pathogenic properties are not well known. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Parechovirus in Norwegian infants, as well as to investigate whether the presence of virus correlated with symptoms of infection. A group of 102 infants was longitudinally followed: 51 infants with a high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (aged 3-35 months), and 51 children without this genotype (aged 3-12). Stool samples were obtained each month, and symptoms of infection were recorded regularly on questionnaires. Human Parechovirus was detected in 11.3% of 1,941 samples examined by real-time RT-PCR. There was a distinct seasonality, peaking from September to December. By 12 months of age, 43% of the infants had had at least one infection, while 86% of the infants had encountered the virus by the end of the second year. Based on the VP1 sequence, human Parechovirus 1 was the most prevalent type (76%), followed by human Parechovirus 3 (13%), human Parechovirus 6 (9%), an unclassified human Parechovirus (1%), and human Parechovirus 2 (1%). Ljungan virus, a murine Parechovirus, was examined with a separate real-time RT-PCR, but no virus was detected. There was no significant association between infections and the following symptoms: coughing, sneezing, fever, diarrhea or vomiting. In conclusion, human Parechovirus infects frequently infants at an early age without causing disease.
Caroline E. Corless - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and evaluation of a real time rt pcr for the detection of enterovirus and Parechovirus rna in csf and throat swab samples
Journal of Medical Virology, 2002Co-Authors: Caroline E. Corless, Raymond Borrow, Andrew J. Fox, Edward B. Kaczmarski, Malcolm Guiver, Valerie Edwardsjones, Kenneth J. MuttonAbstract:A two-step reverse transcriptase TaqMan™ duplex PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed using the ABI 7700 Sequence Detection System for the detection of enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus type 1 and 2 (PEV) RNA from samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and throat swabs. Using sequence-specific fluorescent dye labeled probes and continuous real-time monitoring, PCR amplified product accumulation was measured. Based on limiting dilutions, the TaqMan™ enterovirus and Parechovirus RT-PCR showed an increase of two orders of magnitude compared to cell culture with sensitivity of 100% (7/7) when assessed using enterovirus cell culture positive samples (CSF, TS). The assays were specific for enterovirus and Parechovirus and did not amplify a wide selection of virus and bacterial isolates. RNA was amplified from 22 enterovirus serotypes: coxsackie A7, A9, A21; coxsackie B2, B3, B4, B5; echovirus 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31; poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, and Parechovirus types 1 and 2. The assay was used to assess the incidence of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in cell culture negative CSF and throat swab samples (n = 200). An additional 33 (15.9%) enterovirus and 2 (1%) Parechovirus were identified as positive by RT-PCR. Also, of 100 CSF samples from suspected cases of meningococcal meningitis submitted for meningococcal PCR testing, 59 (59%) were enterovirus and 2 (2%) Parechovirus 1 and 2 were positive by RT-PCR. The TaqManTM duplex assay offers a more rapid and sensitive alternative to conventional cell culture for the diagnosis of enterovirus and Parechovirus infection. Closed tube real-time detection using the ABI Sequence Detection System obviates the need for post-PCR manipulation, which reduces hands on time and eliminates the risk of contamination from amplified PCR product. J. Med. Virol. 67:555-562, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Development and evaluation of a ‘real-time’ RT-PCR for the detection of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in CSF and throat swab samples
Journal of medical virology, 2002Co-Authors: Caroline E. Corless, Raymond Borrow, Andrew J. Fox, Valerie Edwards-jones, Edward B. Kaczmarski, Malcolm Guiver, Kenneth J. MuttonAbstract:A two-step reverse transcriptase TaqMantrade mark duplex PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed using the ABI 7700 Sequence Detection System for the detection of enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus type 1 and 2 (PEV) RNA from samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and throat swabs. Using sequence-specific fluorescent dye labeled probes and continuous 'real-time' monitoring, PCR amplified product accumulation was measured. Based on limiting dilutions, the TaqMantrade mark enterovirus and Parechovirus RT-PCR showed an increase of two orders of magnitude compared to cell culture with sensitivity of 100% (7/7) when assessed using enterovirus cell culture positive samples (CSF, TS). The assays were specific for enterovirus and Parechovirus and did not amplify a wide selection of virus and bacterial isolates. RNA was amplified from 22 enterovirus serotypes: coxsackie A7, A9, A21; coxsackie B2, B3, B4, B5; echovirus 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31; poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, and Parechovirus types 1 and 2. The assay was used to assess the incidence of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in cell culture negative CSF and throat swab samples (n = 200). An additional 33 (15.9%) enterovirus and 2 (1%) Parechovirus were identified as positive by RT-PCR. Also, of 100 CSF samples from suspected cases of meningococcal meningitis submitted for meningococcal PCR testing, 59 (59%) were enterovirus and 2 (2%) Parechovirus 1 and 2 were positive by RT-PCR. The TaqMantrade mark duplex assay offers a more rapid and sensitive alternative to conventional cell culture for the diagnosis of enterovirus and Parechovirus infection. Closed tube real-time detection using the ABI Sequence Detection System obviates the need for post-PCR manipulation, which reduces hands on time and eliminates the risk of contamination from amplified PCR product.
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Development and evaluation of a 'real-time' RT-PCR for the detection of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in CSF and throat swab samples
Journal of Medical Virology, 2002Co-Authors: Caroline E. Corless, Raymond Borrow, Andrew J. Fox, Valerie Edwards-jones, Edward B. Kaczmarski, Malcolm Guiver, Kenneth J. MuttonAbstract:A two-step reverse transcriptase TaqMantrade mark duplex PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed using the ABI 7700 Sequence Detection System for the detection of enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus type 1 and 2 (PEV) RNA from samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and throat swabs. Using sequence-specific fluorescent dye labeled probes and continuous 'real-time' monitoring, PCR amplified product accumulation was measured. Based on limiting dilutions, the TaqMantrade mark enterovirus and Parechovirus RT-PCR showed an increase of two orders of magnitude compared to cell culture with sensitivity of 100% (7/7) when assessed using enterovirus cell culture positive samples (CSF, TS). The assays were specific for enterovirus and Parechovirus and did not amplify a wide selection of virus and bacterial isolates. RNA was amplified from 22 enterovirus serotypes: coxsackie A7, A9, A21; coxsackie B2, B3, B4, B5; echovirus 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31; poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, and Parechovirus types 1 and 2. The assay was used to assess the incidence of enterovirus and Parechovirus RNA in cell culture negative CSF and throat swab samples (n = 200). An additional 33 (15.9%) enterovirus and 2 (1%) Parechovirus were identified as positive by RT-PCR. Also, of 100 CSF samples from suspected cases of meningococcal meningitis submitted for meningococcal PCR testing, 59 (59%) were enterovirus and 2 (2%) Parechovirus 1 and 2 were positive by RT-PCR. The TaqMantrade mark duplex assay offers a more rapid and sensitive alternative to conventional cell culture for the diagnosis of enterovirus and Parechovirus infection. Closed tube real-time detection using the ABI Sequence Detection System obviates the need for post-PCR manipulation, which reduces hands on time and eliminates the risk of contamination from amplified PCR product.
German Tapia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parechovirus Infection in Early Childhood and Association With Subsequent Celiac Disease.
The American journal of gastroenterology, 2020Co-Authors: German Tapia, Trond Rasmussen, Kjersti S. Rønningen, Lars C. Stene, Kateřina Chudá, Christian R Kahrs, Lenka Kramna, Karl Mårild, Ondřej Cinek, Ketil StørdalAbstract:Introduction To test whether Parechovirus and anellovirus, frequent enteric viruses, were associated with subsequent celiac disease (CD). We hypothesized that children who later developed CD would have increased frequency of Parechovirus infections before transglutaminase 2 (TG2) antibody development. Anellovirus testing was exploratory, as a potential marker of immune status. Methods Matched case-control design nested within a longitudinal birth cohort (the MIDIA study) of children at genetic risk of CD (carrying the human leukocyte antigen genotype DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2, recruited throughout Norway during 2001-2007). We retrospectively tested blood samples taken at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and then annually, to determine when TG2 antibodies developed. Of 220 genetically at-risk children tested, 25 were diagnosed with CD (cases; ESPGHAN 2012 criteria) and matched for follow-up time, birthdate, and county of residence with 2 randomly selected children free from CD (controls) from the cohort. Viruses were quantified in monthly stool samples (collected from 3 through 35 months of age) using real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Results Parechovirus was detected in 222 of 2,005 stool samples (11.1%) and was more frequent in samples from cases before developing TG2 antibodies (adjusted odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.14-2.45, P = 0.01). The odds ratio was higher when a sample was positive for both Parechovirus and enterovirus (adjusted odds ratio 4.73, 95% confidence interval 1.26-17.67, P = 0.02). Anellovirus was detected in 1,540 of 1,829 samples (84.2%), but did not differ significantly between case and control subjects. Discussion Early-life Parechovirus infections were associated with development of CD in genetically at-risk children.
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Parechovirus infection in early childhood and association with subsequent celiac disease.
2020Co-Authors: German Tapia, Trond Rasmussen, Kjersti S. Rønningen, Lars C. Stene, Kateřina Chudá, Christian R Kahrs, Lenka Kramna, Karl Mårild, Ondřej Cinek, Ketil StørdalAbstract:ABSTRACT Importance Celiac disease is an increasingly common immune-mediated disorder. The potential role of infections in celiac disease development is not well characterized. Objective To test whether two frequent enteric viruses, Parechovirus and anellovirus, were associated with subsequent celiac disease. Our a priori hypothesis was that children who later developed celiac disease would have a higher frequency of Parechovirus infections before transglutaminase 2 antibody development. Anellovirus testing was exploratory, as a potential marker of immune status. Design Matched case-control design nested within a longitudinal birth cohort (the MIDIA study) of children at genetic risk for celiac disease. Setting Children carrying the HLA genotype DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2, recruited at birth from the general population throughout Norway during 2001–2007. Participants Of 220 genetically at-risk children tested for celiac disease, 25 fulfilled the case criteria. Each case was matched for follow-up time, birthdate, and county of residence with two randomly selected children free from celiac disease (controls) from the cohort. Exposures Parechoviruses, the primary exposure, are infectious agents capable of replication at high virus loads. Anellovirus, previously proposed to reflect immune status, represent a ubiquitous viral exposure at low loads. Viruses were detected and quantified in monthly stool samples (collected from 3 through 35 months of age) using real-time PCR methods. Main outcome and measures Celiac disease diagnosis according to ESPGHAN 2012 criteria. We retrospectively tested blood samples taken at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and then annually to determine when transglutaminase 2 antibodies developed. Results Parechovirus was detected in 222 of 2005 stool samples (11.1%), and was more frequent in samples from cases before developing transglutaminase 2 antibodies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.67, 95% CI 1.14–2.45, P=0.01). The odds ratio was higher when both Parechovirus and enterovirus were positive in the same sample (aOR 4.73, 95% CI 1.26–17.67, P=0.02). Anellovirus was detected in 1540 of 1829 samples (84.2%). Anellovirus status did not differ significantly between case and control subjects. Conclusions and Relevance Parechovirus infections in early life were associated with development of celiac disease in genetically at-risk children, suggesting a novel preventive target if confirmed in future studies. Key points Question Are Parechovirus infections associated with development of celiac disease in childhood? Findings In this case-control study, nested in a cohort of children genetically at risk for celiac disease, a higher frequency of Parechovirus gut infections (tested in monthly stool samples) were associated with later celiac disease. Coinfection with both Parechovirus and enterovirus was associated with a markedly increased risk for later celiac disease. Meaning The association observed between Parechovirus and future celiac disease, suggests that these common enteric infections could play a role in celiac disease development.
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Longitudinal study of Parechovirus infection in infancy and risk of repeated positivity for multiple islet autoantibodies: the MIDIA study.
Pediatric diabetes, 2011Co-Authors: German Tapia, Ondrej Cinek, Trond Rasmussen, Bjørn Grinde, Lars C. Stene, Kjersti S. RønningenAbstract:Tapia G, Cinek O, Rasmussen T, Grinde B, Stene LC, Ronningen KS. Longitudinal study of Parechovirus infection in infancy and risk of repeated positivity for multiple islet autoantibodies: the MIDIA study. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible association between human Parechovirus infections in early infancy, diagnosed in fecal samples, and the development of islet autoimmunity. In the ‘Environmental Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes: The MIDIA study’, newborns with the highest genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were identified and followed with regular fecal sampling and questionnaires. A nested case–control study, including 27 children who developed islet autoimmunity (repeatedly positive for two or three autoantibodies) and 53 children matched for age and community of residence was used. Monthly stool samples from these children were analyzed for human Parechovirus using a semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of human Parechovirus in stool samples when cases and controls were compared: 13.0 and 11.1%, respectively. There was also not any difference as to the number of infection episodes. In analyses restricted to samples collected 3, 6 or 12 months prior to seroconversion for islet autoantibodies, there was a suggestive association in the shortest time window of 3 months (20.8 vs. 8.8%, odds ratio = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2 - 8.5, uncorrected p = 0.022). No symptoms were associated with human Parechovirus infection. A subset of the positive samples (n = 31) were sequenced, suggesting that human Parechovirus 1 was the dominant genotype. The present study does not support strong associations between human Parechovirus infections and the signs of islet autoimmunity. The weak association of Parechovirus present in the last 3 months before development of autoimmunity warrants further investigation.
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Longitudinal observation of Parechovirus in stool samples from Norwegian infants.
Journal of medical virology, 2008Co-Authors: German Tapia, Ondrej Cinek, Elisabet Witsø, Michal Kulich, Trond Rasmussen, Bjørn Grinde, Kjersti S. RønningenAbstract:Parechoviruses are assumed to be common infectious agents, but their epidemiologic and pathogenic properties are not well known. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Parechovirus in Norwegian infants, as well as to investigate whether the presence of virus correlated with symptoms of infection. A group of 102 infants was longitudinally followed: 51 infants with a high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (aged 3-35 months), and 51 children without this genotype (aged 3-12). Stool samples were obtained each month, and symptoms of infection were recorded regularly on questionnaires. Human Parechovirus was detected in 11.3% of 1,941 samples examined by real-time RT-PCR. There was a distinct seasonality, peaking from September to December. By 12 months of age, 43% of the infants had had at least one infection, while 86% of the infants had encountered the virus by the end of the second year. Based on the VP1 sequence, human Parechovirus 1 was the most prevalent type (76%), followed by human Parechovirus 3 (13%), human Parechovirus 6 (9%), an unclassified human Parechovirus (1%), and human Parechovirus 2 (1%). Ljungan virus, a murine Parechovirus, was examined with a separate real-time RT-PCR, but no virus was detected. There was no significant association between infections and the following symptoms: coughing, sneezing, fever, diarrhea or vomiting. In conclusion, human Parechovirus infects frequently infants at an early age without causing disease.
Ngan Thi Kim Pham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of human Parechovirus in stool samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in japan during 2007 2008
Journal of Medical Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Ngan Thi Kim Pham, Wisoot Chanit, Pattara Khamrin, Hideaki Shimizu, Shuichi Nishimura, Hideaki Kikuta, Kumiko Sugita, Tsuneyoshi Baba, Atsuko Yamamoto, Shoko OkitsuAbstract:Of 477 stool specimens, which had been screened for rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus, collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric clinics encompassing five localities (Sapporo, Tokyo, Maizuru, Osaka, and Saga) in Japan from July 2007 to June 2008, 247 negative samples (51.7%) were subjected to screening for human Parechovirus. Human Parechovirus (HPeV) was detected by RT-PCR using a primer pair to amplify 5′UTR region of its genome and was genotyped by sequencing of the VP1 gene. HPeV was detected in 20 of 247 specimens tested, and the detection rate was found to be 8.1%. Seventeen of the 20 strains that tested positive for HPeV were sequenced successfully the VP1 gene. The majority of the HPeV strains (n = 15) could be identified as HPeV1, and the remaining 2 strains could be typed as HPeV3. By phylogenetic and identical matrix analyses of HPeV VP1 sequences, HPeV1 should be divided into two lineages, and all of the Japanese studied HPeV1 strains belong to the lineage 2 accordingly. This is the first report of the circulation of HPeV, especially HPeV1 in Japan. J. Med. Virol. 83:331–336, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Human Parechovirus Infection in Children Hospitalized with Acute Gastroenteritis in Sri Lanka
Journal of clinical microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Ngan Thi Kim Pham, Quang Duy Trinh, Shoko Okitsu, Pattara Khamrin, Sayaka Takanashi, Dinh Nguyen Tran, Chandra Abeysekera, Asiri Abeygunawardene, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Masashi MizuguchiAbstract:Of 362 fecal specimens collected from infants and children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Sri Lanka from September 2005 to August 2006, 30 (8.3%) were positive for human Parechovirus (HPeV). Six different HPeV genotypes, including HPeV1, -3, -4, -5, -10, and -11, were identified, of these, HPeV11 was reported for the first time.
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a novel rt multiplex pcr for detection of aichi virus human Parechovirus enteroviruses and human bocavirus among infants and children with acute gastroenteritis
Journal of Virological Methods, 2010Co-Authors: Ngan Thi Kim Pham, Quang Duy Trinh, Wisoot Chanit, Shoko Okitsu, Hiroshi Ushijima, Masashi Mizuguchi, Pattara Khamrin, Hideaki ShimizuAbstract:Abstract A novel reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to detect Aichi virus, human Parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus. A mixture of four pairs of published specific primers, 6261 and 6779, ev22(+) and ev22(−), F1 and R1, 188F and 542R, was used to amplify the viral genomes and specifically generate four different amplicon sizes of 519, 270, 440, and 354 bp for Aichi virus, human Parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus, respectively. A total of 247 fecal specimens previously screened for rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus-negative, collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan from July 2007 to June 2008, were tested further for the presence of the four viruses, Aichi virus, human Parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus, by RT-multiplex PCR. The total detection rate of these viruses was 26.7% (66 out of 247 samples). Of these, HPeV, EVs, and HBoV were identified in 20, 41, and 5 specimens. No Aichi virus was found among these subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-multiplex PCR were assessed and demonstrated a strong validation against RT-monoplex PCR. This is the first report of detecting these types of viruses in fecal samples from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis by RT-multiplex PCR.
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Novel human Parechovirus, Sri Lanka.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Ngan Thi Kim Pham, Quang Duy Trinh, Shoko Okitsu, Masashi Mizuguchi, Pattara Khamrin, Hideaki Shimizu, Sayaka Takanashi, Chandra Abeysekera, Asiri Abeygunawardene, Hiroshi UshijimaAbstract:Of 362 fecal samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in Sri Lanka during 2005–2006, 30 (8.3%) were positive for human Parechovirus (HPeV) by reverse transcription–PCR. A novel HPeV, designated as HPeV10, was identified in 2 samples by sequence analysis of the viral protein 1 gene of the detected HPeVs.
