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Juan Faldín - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Paria, THE SOUTHERN INKA CAPITAL REDISCOVERED Paria, LA CAPITAL INKA DEL SUR REDESCUBIERTA
2020Co-Authors: Martti Pärssinen, Risto Kesseli, Juan FaldínAbstract:Early historical sources mention Paria as one of the most important provincial settlements in the Inka State. Being such an important settlement, the first Spanish village in southern part of former Tawantinsuyu, was decided to establish in Paria. The foundation was ordered by Diego Almagro in 1535. Nevertheless, it has been somewhat of mystery for archaeologists how faraway the Spaniards moved the new foundation from the original Paria, so admired by the Inkas, because no Inka artifacts have been found in the Colonial foundation. In many occasions John V. Murra also wondered about the location of the original Paria. In 1960 Hermann Trimborn had identified old Paria, Paria la Vieja, as a place situated some distance towards the north of the present Paria. Nevertheless, John Hyslop put forward the idea that Paria was the same as Anocariri, situated to the west-northwest of the present Paria. Some Inka researchers accepted Hyslop’s identification, but also doubts have been presented. Quite recently the team of Carola Condarco Castellon returned to Trimborn’s idea and inspected the area belonging to the village of Pulupampa, situated to northwest of Obrajes and actually found there a settlement with Inka ceramics. This is why they reported that “Paria la India” or “Paria la Vieja” was found. Nevertheless, they did not inform either marks of huge administrative compounds or any concentration of silos. In 2004 we decided to visit Paria in order to make an independent identification of the exact site of the Inka southern capital using archival sources and our archaeological experiences in these kinds of multidisciplinary enterprises. As a result, we may conclude that the earlier identification of Paria la Vieja, as proposed by Trimborn and the team of Carola Condarco, is correct. Comparing to the archaeological evidence of Anocariri site, proposed to be Paria la Vieja by John Hyslop, our site is three times bigger (35 ha vs 100 ha). Furthermore, the ceramic assemblage of our site in Pulupampa is predominantly composed of the Inka and the Regional Inka varieties unlike Anocariri, and finally, new evidence published in this report demonstrates that our site is the only one that has a huge concentration of storehouses. We were able to identify quite exactly 1,000 silos and various foundations of huge administrative buildings.
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Paria the southern inka capital rediscovered
Chungara, 2010Co-Authors: Martti Pärssinen, Risto Kesseli, Juan FaldínAbstract:Fuentes primitivas mencionan ya a Paria como uno de los establecimientos provinciales mas importantes del Estado inka. Al ser un asentamiento tan importante, el primer pueblo espanol de laparte sur de lo que era Tawantinsuyu, se decidio que se estableciera en Paria. Su fundacion fue ordenada por Diego Almagro en 1535. Sin embargo, supone un misterio para los arqueologos lo lejos que movieron los espanoles esta nueva fundacion de lo que era la ciudad de Paria original, tan admirada por los inkas, ya que no se han encontrado restos inkas en la fundacion Colonial. En muchas ocasiones John V. Murra tambien se pregunto sobre la localizacion original Paria. En 1960 Hermann Trimborn habia identificado a la antigua Paria, Paria la Vieja, como un lugar situado hacia el Norte de la ciudad actual. No obstante, John Hyslop propuso la idea de que Paria era lo mismo que Anocariri, situada al noroeste de de la ciudad actual. Algunos investigadores inkas han aceptado la identificacion de Hyslop, aunque tambien se han presentado algunas dudas al respecto. Recientemente el equipo de Carola Condarco Castellon ha vuelto a la idea de Trimborn y ha inspeccionado el area que pertenece al pueblo de Pulupampa, situado al noroeste de Obrajes, y encontro alli un asentamiento con ceramica inka. Esta es la razon por la que se informo que "Paria la india " o "Paria la vieja " habia sido encontrada. No obstante, no constan marcas de complejos administrativos o concentraciones de silos. En 2004 decidimos visitar Paria con el fin de realizar una identificacion independiente de la localizacion exacta de la capital surena Inka, usando fuentes documentales y nuestra experiencia arqueologica en este tipo de empresas multidisciplinarias. Como resultado, podemos concluir que la identificacion anterior de Paria la vieja, tal y como fue propuesta por Trimborn y el equipo de Carola Condarco, es correcta. Comparada con la evidencia arqueologica de la localizacion de Anocariri, la propuesta de John Hyslop para Paria la Vieja, muestra localizacion es tres veces mas grande (100 hectareas, contra las 35 ha. de la anterior). Ademas, el ensamblaje ceramico de nuestra localizacion en Pulupampa esta compuesto predominantemente de las variedades Inkas e Inka Regionales, no como Anocariri, y finalmente, una nueva evidencia publicada en este informe demuestra que nuestra localizacion es la unica que tiene una gran concentracion de almacenes. Fuimos capaces de identificar cerca de 1.000 silos y varias fundaciones de enormes edificios administrativos.
Michele L Thieme - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Controlled Flood in Grand Canyon - Flannelmouth Suckers: Movement in the Glen Canyon Reach and Spawning in the Paria River
Geophysical monograph, 2013Co-Authors: Carole C Mcivor, Michele L ThiemeAbstract:Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) spawn March through April in the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River 25 km downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. We followed 50 ultrasonic-tagged, adult flannelmouth suckers in the Glen Canyon reach to determine if this native species was displaced downstream by the controlled flood. We also seined and made visual observations over known spawning areas in the Paria River during the flood, and surveyed for presence of young-of-the-year (YOY) during the summer rearing season to determine if the flood preempted or delayed spawning. Conservatively, forty-two (84%) tagged fish stayed within the Glen Canyon reach; the majority (33) used a low-velocity ponded habitat formed when high Colorado River flows ponded the lower 0.76 km of the Paria River. Spawning in the Paria River during 1996 was successful as evidenced by the presence of ripe fish over known spawning areas and by capture of a strong year-class of YOY in late spring and summer. Thus, we found no obvious deleterious effects of the controlled flood on movement of flannelmouth sucker in the Glen Canyon reach or on spawning in the Paria River.
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flannelmouth suckers movement in the glen canyon reach and spawning in the Paria river
Geophysical monograph, 2013Co-Authors: Carole C Mcivor, Michele L ThiemeAbstract:Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) spawn March through April in the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River 25 km downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. We followed 50 ultrasonic-tagged, adult flannelmouth suckers in the Glen Canyon reach to determine if this native species was displaced downstream by the controlled flood. We also seined and made visual observations over known spawning areas in the Paria River during the flood, and surveyed for presence of young-of-the-year (YOY) during the summer rearing season to determine if the flood preempted or delayed spawning. Conservatively, forty-two (84%) tagged fish stayed within the Glen Canyon reach; the majority (33) used a low-velocity ponded habitat formed when high Colorado River flows ponded the lower 0.76 km of the Paria River. Spawning in the Paria River during 1996 was successful as evidenced by the presence of ripe fish over known spawning areas and by capture of a strong year-class of YOY in late spring and summer. Thus, we found no obvious deleterious effects of the controlled flood on movement of flannelmouth sucker in the Glen Canyon reach or on spawning in the Paria River.
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effects of pool formation and flash flooding on relative abundance of young of year flannelmouth suckers in the Paria river arizona
Regulated Rivers-research & Management, 2001Co-Authors: Michele L Thieme, Carole C Mcivor, Mark J Brouder, Timothy L HoffnagleAbstract:Flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus latipinnis, a fish endemic to the Colorado River basin in the western United States, appears to experience poor recruitment to adult size in the Colorado River, downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. Lack or impermanence of rearing areas for young-of-year (YOY) fish is hypothesized to be the problem. Knowing the importance of tributary mouths as rearing areas in other river systems, we studied use of the mouth of the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River, by YOY flannelmouth suckers, and the availability of rearing area in the mouth at different flow levels in the Colorado River in 1996 and 1997. We also examined the relationship between flash floods in the Paria River and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of YOY in the Paria River between 1991 and 1996. Maximum mean daily discharge in the Paria River was inversely correlated with CPUE of YOY flannelmouth suckers (Spearman Rho=−0.9856, p=0.0003) during their critical rearing period (15 March–30 June). Thus, it appears that YOY flannelmouth suckers rear longer in the Paria River in years when flash flooding is minimal. Recruitment of YOY flannelmouth suckers at the Paria River may also be improved by enhancing pool formation during spring and summer rearing seasons. YOY flannelmouth sucker was captured in a pool created by high Colorado River flows (≥336 m3/s) that inundated the mouth of the Paria River during spring and summer, 1996. In 1997, high flows (about 550–750 m3/s) in the Colorado River during winter and spring initially inundated the Paria River and formed a pool in the mouth. However, these high flows eventually caused 0.5–1.0 m of suspended sediment from the incoming Paria River to deposit in the mouth. Thus, despite higher flows than 1996, the slackwater area formed only occasionally in 1997. Differences in pool formation between 1996 and 1997 demonstrate that pool formation cannot be inferred solely from Colorado River flows. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Martti Pärssinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Paria, THE SOUTHERN INKA CAPITAL REDISCOVERED Paria, LA CAPITAL INKA DEL SUR REDESCUBIERTA
2020Co-Authors: Martti Pärssinen, Risto Kesseli, Juan FaldínAbstract:Early historical sources mention Paria as one of the most important provincial settlements in the Inka State. Being such an important settlement, the first Spanish village in southern part of former Tawantinsuyu, was decided to establish in Paria. The foundation was ordered by Diego Almagro in 1535. Nevertheless, it has been somewhat of mystery for archaeologists how faraway the Spaniards moved the new foundation from the original Paria, so admired by the Inkas, because no Inka artifacts have been found in the Colonial foundation. In many occasions John V. Murra also wondered about the location of the original Paria. In 1960 Hermann Trimborn had identified old Paria, Paria la Vieja, as a place situated some distance towards the north of the present Paria. Nevertheless, John Hyslop put forward the idea that Paria was the same as Anocariri, situated to the west-northwest of the present Paria. Some Inka researchers accepted Hyslop’s identification, but also doubts have been presented. Quite recently the team of Carola Condarco Castellon returned to Trimborn’s idea and inspected the area belonging to the village of Pulupampa, situated to northwest of Obrajes and actually found there a settlement with Inka ceramics. This is why they reported that “Paria la India” or “Paria la Vieja” was found. Nevertheless, they did not inform either marks of huge administrative compounds or any concentration of silos. In 2004 we decided to visit Paria in order to make an independent identification of the exact site of the Inka southern capital using archival sources and our archaeological experiences in these kinds of multidisciplinary enterprises. As a result, we may conclude that the earlier identification of Paria la Vieja, as proposed by Trimborn and the team of Carola Condarco, is correct. Comparing to the archaeological evidence of Anocariri site, proposed to be Paria la Vieja by John Hyslop, our site is three times bigger (35 ha vs 100 ha). Furthermore, the ceramic assemblage of our site in Pulupampa is predominantly composed of the Inka and the Regional Inka varieties unlike Anocariri, and finally, new evidence published in this report demonstrates that our site is the only one that has a huge concentration of storehouses. We were able to identify quite exactly 1,000 silos and various foundations of huge administrative buildings.
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Paria the southern inka capital rediscovered
Chungara, 2010Co-Authors: Martti Pärssinen, Risto Kesseli, Juan FaldínAbstract:Fuentes primitivas mencionan ya a Paria como uno de los establecimientos provinciales mas importantes del Estado inka. Al ser un asentamiento tan importante, el primer pueblo espanol de laparte sur de lo que era Tawantinsuyu, se decidio que se estableciera en Paria. Su fundacion fue ordenada por Diego Almagro en 1535. Sin embargo, supone un misterio para los arqueologos lo lejos que movieron los espanoles esta nueva fundacion de lo que era la ciudad de Paria original, tan admirada por los inkas, ya que no se han encontrado restos inkas en la fundacion Colonial. En muchas ocasiones John V. Murra tambien se pregunto sobre la localizacion original Paria. En 1960 Hermann Trimborn habia identificado a la antigua Paria, Paria la Vieja, como un lugar situado hacia el Norte de la ciudad actual. No obstante, John Hyslop propuso la idea de que Paria era lo mismo que Anocariri, situada al noroeste de de la ciudad actual. Algunos investigadores inkas han aceptado la identificacion de Hyslop, aunque tambien se han presentado algunas dudas al respecto. Recientemente el equipo de Carola Condarco Castellon ha vuelto a la idea de Trimborn y ha inspeccionado el area que pertenece al pueblo de Pulupampa, situado al noroeste de Obrajes, y encontro alli un asentamiento con ceramica inka. Esta es la razon por la que se informo que "Paria la india " o "Paria la vieja " habia sido encontrada. No obstante, no constan marcas de complejos administrativos o concentraciones de silos. En 2004 decidimos visitar Paria con el fin de realizar una identificacion independiente de la localizacion exacta de la capital surena Inka, usando fuentes documentales y nuestra experiencia arqueologica en este tipo de empresas multidisciplinarias. Como resultado, podemos concluir que la identificacion anterior de Paria la vieja, tal y como fue propuesta por Trimborn y el equipo de Carola Condarco, es correcta. Comparada con la evidencia arqueologica de la localizacion de Anocariri, la propuesta de John Hyslop para Paria la Vieja, muestra localizacion es tres veces mas grande (100 hectareas, contra las 35 ha. de la anterior). Ademas, el ensamblaje ceramico de nuestra localizacion en Pulupampa esta compuesto predominantemente de las variedades Inkas e Inka Regionales, no como Anocariri, y finalmente, una nueva evidencia publicada en este informe demuestra que nuestra localizacion es la unica que tiene una gran concentracion de almacenes. Fuimos capaces de identificar cerca de 1.000 silos y varias fundaciones de enormes edificios administrativos.
Maria Rondon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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algunos aspectos de la biologia reproductiva de la tortuga cardon dermochelys coriacea vandelli 1761 reptilia dermochelyidae en playa querepare peninsula de Paria estado sucre
SABER. Revista Multidisciplinaria del Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad de Oriente, 2006Co-Authors: Francisco Velasquez, Antulio Prieto, Hedelvy Guada, Luis Alejandro Gonzalez, Maria RondonAbstract:Se estudiaron aspectos reproductivos de la tortuga cardon Dermochelys coriacea , en la Playa Querepare, Peninsula de Paria, Venezuela, durante la temporada de anidacion de 2002 mediante observacion directa en patrullajes nocturnos de saturacion. Se marcaron un total de 20 hembras gravidas durante el periodo de muestreo, cuyo largo curvo del caparazon oscilo entre 138,30 y 169,00 cm., 5 de las cuales anidaron mas de una vez, con intervalos de anidacion promedio de 17,5 dias y de huevos por nidada de 71,73 ± 2,75%. El promedio del exito de eclosion obtenido durante la operacion de traslado de nidadas colocadas en viveros en el programa de conservacion de tortugas en la misma zona fue de 57,18 ± 5,30 %, con un exito de sobrevivencia de 52,27 ± 5,21%. Se verifico una correlacion significativa entre el largo curvo del caparazon y el numero de huevos puestos por hembras que anidaron en mas de una ocasion. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos en la zona con los de otras areas geograficas. Palabras clave : Dermochelys coriacea , traslado, anidacion, tortuga cardon, Querepare, Peninsula de Paria, Venezuela. ABSTRACT We studied the reproductive aspects of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea in Playa Querepare, in the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela, during the nesting period of 2002, using direct observation during intensive night beach patrols. Twenty gravid females with a curved carapace length ranging between 138.30 and 169.00 cm were tagged during the sampling period, five of them nesting more than once with a mean nest interval of 17.5 days and 71.73 ± 2.75% eggs per brood. The mean hatch success rate during nest transfer operations to program nurseries set up for the conservation of sea turtles in the area was of 57.18 ± 5.30%, with a survival rate of 52.27 ± 5.21%. A positive and significant correlation was established between the curved carapace length and the number of eggs laid by females that nested several times. Results obtained were discussed and compared with those obtained in other geographic areas. Key words: Dermochelys coriacea , transfers, nesting, leatherback turtle, Querepare, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela
Carole C Mcivor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Controlled Flood in Grand Canyon - Flannelmouth Suckers: Movement in the Glen Canyon Reach and Spawning in the Paria River
Geophysical monograph, 2013Co-Authors: Carole C Mcivor, Michele L ThiemeAbstract:Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) spawn March through April in the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River 25 km downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. We followed 50 ultrasonic-tagged, adult flannelmouth suckers in the Glen Canyon reach to determine if this native species was displaced downstream by the controlled flood. We also seined and made visual observations over known spawning areas in the Paria River during the flood, and surveyed for presence of young-of-the-year (YOY) during the summer rearing season to determine if the flood preempted or delayed spawning. Conservatively, forty-two (84%) tagged fish stayed within the Glen Canyon reach; the majority (33) used a low-velocity ponded habitat formed when high Colorado River flows ponded the lower 0.76 km of the Paria River. Spawning in the Paria River during 1996 was successful as evidenced by the presence of ripe fish over known spawning areas and by capture of a strong year-class of YOY in late spring and summer. Thus, we found no obvious deleterious effects of the controlled flood on movement of flannelmouth sucker in the Glen Canyon reach or on spawning in the Paria River.
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flannelmouth suckers movement in the glen canyon reach and spawning in the Paria river
Geophysical monograph, 2013Co-Authors: Carole C Mcivor, Michele L ThiemeAbstract:Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) spawn March through April in the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River 25 km downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. We followed 50 ultrasonic-tagged, adult flannelmouth suckers in the Glen Canyon reach to determine if this native species was displaced downstream by the controlled flood. We also seined and made visual observations over known spawning areas in the Paria River during the flood, and surveyed for presence of young-of-the-year (YOY) during the summer rearing season to determine if the flood preempted or delayed spawning. Conservatively, forty-two (84%) tagged fish stayed within the Glen Canyon reach; the majority (33) used a low-velocity ponded habitat formed when high Colorado River flows ponded the lower 0.76 km of the Paria River. Spawning in the Paria River during 1996 was successful as evidenced by the presence of ripe fish over known spawning areas and by capture of a strong year-class of YOY in late spring and summer. Thus, we found no obvious deleterious effects of the controlled flood on movement of flannelmouth sucker in the Glen Canyon reach or on spawning in the Paria River.
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effects of pool formation and flash flooding on relative abundance of young of year flannelmouth suckers in the Paria river arizona
Regulated Rivers-research & Management, 2001Co-Authors: Michele L Thieme, Carole C Mcivor, Mark J Brouder, Timothy L HoffnagleAbstract:Flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus latipinnis, a fish endemic to the Colorado River basin in the western United States, appears to experience poor recruitment to adult size in the Colorado River, downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. Lack or impermanence of rearing areas for young-of-year (YOY) fish is hypothesized to be the problem. Knowing the importance of tributary mouths as rearing areas in other river systems, we studied use of the mouth of the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River, by YOY flannelmouth suckers, and the availability of rearing area in the mouth at different flow levels in the Colorado River in 1996 and 1997. We also examined the relationship between flash floods in the Paria River and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of YOY in the Paria River between 1991 and 1996. Maximum mean daily discharge in the Paria River was inversely correlated with CPUE of YOY flannelmouth suckers (Spearman Rho=−0.9856, p=0.0003) during their critical rearing period (15 March–30 June). Thus, it appears that YOY flannelmouth suckers rear longer in the Paria River in years when flash flooding is minimal. Recruitment of YOY flannelmouth suckers at the Paria River may also be improved by enhancing pool formation during spring and summer rearing seasons. YOY flannelmouth sucker was captured in a pool created by high Colorado River flows (≥336 m3/s) that inundated the mouth of the Paria River during spring and summer, 1996. In 1997, high flows (about 550–750 m3/s) in the Colorado River during winter and spring initially inundated the Paria River and formed a pool in the mouth. However, these high flows eventually caused 0.5–1.0 m of suspended sediment from the incoming Paria River to deposit in the mouth. Thus, despite higher flows than 1996, the slackwater area formed only occasionally in 1997. Differences in pool formation between 1996 and 1997 demonstrate that pool formation cannot be inferred solely from Colorado River flows. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.