The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ingrid R Olson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impaired perception of mnemonic oldness, but not mnemonic newness, after Parietal Lobe damage
Neuropsychologia, 2014Co-Authors: Kylie H. Hower, Marian E. Berryhill, John T. Wixted, Ingrid R OlsonAbstract:In studies of episodic memory retrieval, recognition paradigms are known to elicit robust activations in the inferior Parietal Lobe. However, damage to this region does not produce severe deficits in episodic memory performance as indexed by typical accuracy measures. Rather, because problems with memory confidence are frequently reported, the observed deficits may be best described as “metamemory” or subjective memory deficits. Here, we further investigated the inferior Parietal Lobe’s role in recognition memory as well as metamemory. We tested the hypothesis that the inferior Parietal Lobe gauges the perceived oldness of items, given several neuroimaging findings suggesting that a portion of the left inferior Parietal Lobe is sensitive to perceived oldness. We tested two patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe lesions and matched controls on an old/new recognition task. From these data we constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves by fitting the data with the unequal-variance signal-detection (UVSD) model. The results revealed no memory impairment in terms of patients’ accuracy. However, patients exhibited lower hit rates and false alarms rates at high confidence levels. Further, patients and controls differed in how they set decision criteria for making recognition responses. Patients’ decision criteria for “old” responses were shifted in a conservative fashion such that they were unwilling to endorse recognized target items with high levels of confidence. These findings provide constraints on models of inferior Parietal Lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval.
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True Memory, False Memory, and Subjective Recollection Deficits after Focal Parietal Lobe Lesions
Neuropsychology (journal), 2010Co-Authors: David B. Drowos, Marian E. Berryhill, Jessica M. André, Ingrid R OlsonAbstract:There is growing evidence that the posterior Parietal cortex (PPC) plays an important role in episodic memory retrieval. Functional MRI studies have reported lateral and medial PPC activations across a wide range of episodic memory retrieval tasks (reviewed in Cabeza, 2008; Cabeza, Ciaramelli, Olson, & Moscovitch, 2008; Ciaramelli, Grady, & Moscovitch, 2008; Wagner, Shannon, Kahn, & Buckner, 2005; (Vilberg & Rugg, 2008). The functional involvement of the PPC in episodic memory has been verified by a small number of focal lesion studies (Berryhill, Phuong, Picasso, Cabeza, & Olson, 2007; Davidson, et al., 2008; Simons, Peers, Mazuz, Berryhill, & Olson, 2009; reviewed in Olson & Berryhill, 2009). For instance, we previously tested two patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe damage, one patient with damage that was mostly in the inferior Parietal Lobe (IPL), the other had damage extending into the superior Parietal Lobe, on a study examining autobiographical memory (Berryhill, Phuong, Picasso, Cabeza, & Olson, 2007). Patients and matched controls were asked to select a memory from five designated epochs in their lifetimes and then describe the memory in as much detail as possible. Following this free recall stage, a series of specific probe questions were asked that were aimed at elaborating on the number of details mentioned. The free recall and specific probe data were subjected to a detailed text analysis to categorize, tally, and rate the details mentioned by study participants (Levine, Svoboda, Hay, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2002). The results demonstrated a surprising dissociation in the patients' performance between the free recall and the specific probe stages. Their freely recalled memories were significantly impoverished in terms of the number of details they referenced. In contrast, during the specific probe stage, patients responded with as much detail as the control subjects. Because the task did not involve encoding, the patients' abnormally low performance is best characterized as a memory retrieval deficit. In another study (Davidson, et al., 2008), a patient with unilateral left PPC damage was tested in a series of tasks including the classic Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false-memory paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). In the standard DRM, participants are presented with lists of conceptually related words, and later, they are asked to perform an old/new recognition memory task. At retrieval, most participants claim to have seen or heard words that in fact, had never appeared on the list (“false memories”). This occurs when the words are closely related to the core theme of the words on the learned list. It is thought that such false memories arise from automatic activation of conceptually related words, or “gist” information (Schacter & Slotnick, 2004). Such false memories are typically accompanied by a strong subjective sense of recollection. Meta-memory processes operating at retrieval can also shape expectations about what true memories feel like, further modulating false memory rates. The Davidson, et al., (2008) report described a unique pattern of deficits in their unilateral PPC patient: she remembered relatively fewer items and made relatively fewer false alarms. The authors interpret this as evidence that the patient was not activating the ‘gist’ information associated with each semantically related list. Davidson's patient also reported a decreased sense of subjective recollection, a finding that has been reported by two other groups using different tasks and stimuli (Ally, Simons, McKeever, Peers, & Budson, 2008; Simons, Peers, Mazuz, Berryhill, & Olson, 2009). It is important to point out that there are several negative findings in this small literature. For instance, three studies have reported that unilateral and bilateral Parietal Lobe damage has no deleterious effect on source memory accuracy (Davidson et al., 2008; Simons et al., 2009) even when the lesions overlap with regions activated by a source-memory task in an fMRI study (Simons et al., 2008). There is also evidence that unilateral Parietal Lobe damage or has no measureable effect on item-recognition memory, such as recognition of a long series of words, pictures, or sounds (Haramati, Soroker, Dudai, & Levy, 2007). In summary, the existing data indicates that Parietal Lobe damage affects episodic memory in some cases but not others. Because there have only been a small number of studies on this topic, and those that exist offer uneven evidence for Parietal involvement in episodic memory, it is difficult to make informed hypotheses about the Parietal Lobes' functional role in episodic memory. Also, with a few exceptions, most reported findings have not been replicated. The goal of this study is to bolster the literature by replicating and extending the DRM findings reported by Davidson and colleagues. Davidson's finding is valuable because the DRM task has been used on several different patient populations, thus allowing one to compare the effects of different focal lesions on task performance. In the present study, two patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe damage are tested on two different DRM tasks. After conducting our primary analyses, we conduct a brief qualitative meta-analysis in which the performance of our patients is compared to the performance of patients with medial temporal Lobe (MTL) damage.
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Some surprising findings on the involvement of the Parietal Lobe in human memory
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2008Co-Authors: Ingrid R Olson, Marian E. BerryhillAbstract:The posterior Parietal Lobe is known to play some role in a far-flung list of mental processes: linking vision to action (saccadic eye movements, reaching, grasping), attending to visual space, numerical calculation, and mental rotation. Here, we review findings from humans and monkeys that illuminate an untraditional function of this region: memory. Our review draws on neuroimaging findings that have repeatedly identified Parietal Lobe activations associated with short-term or working memory and episodic memory. We also discuss recent neuropsychological findings showing that individuals with Parietal Lobe damage exhibit both working memory and long-term memory deficits. These deficits are not ubiquitous; they are only evident under certain retrieval demands. Our review elaborates on these findings and evaluates various theories about the mechanistic role of the posterior Parietal Lobe in memory. The available data point towards the conclusion that the posterior Parietal Lobe plays an important role in memory retrieval irrespective of elapsed time. However, the available data do not support simple dichotomies such as recall versus recognition, working versus long-term memory. We conclude by formalizing several open questions that are intended to encourage future research in this rapidly developing area of memory research.
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Is the posterior Parietal Lobe involved in working memory retrieval? Evidence from patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe damage.
Neuropsychologia, 2008Co-Authors: Marian E. Berryhill, Ingrid R OlsonAbstract:Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the Parietal Lobe has an important role in memory retrieval, yet neuropsychology is largely silent on this topic. Recently, we reported that unilateral Parietal Lobe damage impairs various forms of visual working memory when tested by old/new recognition. Here, we investigate whether Parietal Lobe working memory deficits are linked to problems at retrieval. We tested two patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe damage in a series of visual working memory tasks that probed recall and old/new recognition. Stimuli were presented sequentially and several stimulus categories were tested. The results of these experiments show that Parietal Lobe damage disproportionately impairs old/new recognition as compared to cued recall across stimulus categories. The observed performance dissociation suggests that the posterior Parietal Lobe plays a particularly vital role in working memory retrieval.
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The right Parietal Lobe is critical for visual working memory.
Neuropsychologia, 2008Co-Authors: Marian E. Berryhill, Ingrid R OlsonAbstract:Visual working memory (VWM) permits the maintenance of object identities and their locations across brief delays such as those accompanying eye movements. Recent neuroimaging studies have emphasized the role of the posterior Parietal Lobe in this process although the specific nature of this involvement in VWM remains controversial. Neuroimaging findings suggest that the Parietal Lobe may have a general role in remembering various types of visual information whereas neuropsychological findings suggest that Parietal involvement is primarily related to motor spatial attention and spatial memory. In the present study, patients with unilateral right Parietal Lobe damage, lacking symptoms of neglect, were tested in several VWM old/new recognition tasks. Parietal damage lead to impaired performance on all VWM tasks, including spatial, object, and object/spatial conjunction tasks. Deficits were found across several stimulus categories. These results provide neuropsychological support for neuroimaging results, and more generally indicate that the Parietal Lobe serves a general role in diverse forms of VWM.
Lynn C. Robertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Auditory and Visual Spatial Localization Deficits Following Bilateral Parietal Lobe Lesions in a Patient with Balint’s Syndrome
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: M. L. Phan, K. L. Schendel, G. H. Recanzone, Lynn C. RobertsonAbstract:Lesion and electrophysiological studies indicate that the Parietal Lobes play a role in visual spatial attention and in computing the spatial coordinates of visual input. Fewer studies have investigated the role of the Parietal Lobe in auditory spatial processing, and an extensive comparison of visual and auditory spatial processing in humans with Parietal Lobe lesions has yet to be conducted. We have studied such localization abilities in a Balint's syndrome patient (RM) who has bilateral Parietal Lobe lesions. The results indicated that this patient had a significant deficit in both visual and auditory localization relative to age-matched controls. Unlike the controls, however, RM's auditory localization ability either matched or exceeded his visual localization ability depending on the task. Accordingly, RM exhibited "auditory capture," but not "visual capture" under conditions where control subjects showed the opposite pattern. These results are consistent with hypotheses that the Parietal Lobes are involved in creating multiple spatial representations and in shifting from one spatial reference point to another, but suggest that these Parietal structures are not necessary for the integration of multiple sensory stimuli resulting in capture effects.
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auditory and visual spatial localization deficits following bilateral Parietal Lobe lesions in a patient with balint s syndrome
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: M. L. Phan, K. L. Schendel, G. H. Recanzone, Lynn C. RobertsonAbstract:Lesion and electrophysiological studies indicate that the Parietal Lobes play a role in visual spatial attention and in computing the spatial coordinates of visual input. Fewer studies have investigated the role of the Parietal Lobe in auditory spatial processing, and an extensive comparison of visual and auditory spatial processing in humans with Parietal Lobe lesions has yet to be conducted. We have studied such localization abilities in a Balint's syndrome patient (RM) who has bilateral Parietal Lobe lesions. The results indicated that this patient had a significant deficit in both visual and auditory localization relative to age-matched controls. Unlike the controls, however, RM's auditory localization ability either matched or exceeded his visual localization ability depending on the task. Accordingly, RM exhibited "auditory capture," but not "visual capture" under conditions where control subjects showed the opposite pattern. These results are consistent with hypotheses that the Parietal Lobes are involved in creating multiple spatial representations and in shifting from one spatial reference point to another, but suggest that these Parietal structures are not necessary for the integration of multiple sensory stimuli resulting in capture effects.
Marian E. Berryhill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impaired perception of mnemonic oldness, but not mnemonic newness, after Parietal Lobe damage
Neuropsychologia, 2014Co-Authors: Kylie H. Hower, Marian E. Berryhill, John T. Wixted, Ingrid R OlsonAbstract:In studies of episodic memory retrieval, recognition paradigms are known to elicit robust activations in the inferior Parietal Lobe. However, damage to this region does not produce severe deficits in episodic memory performance as indexed by typical accuracy measures. Rather, because problems with memory confidence are frequently reported, the observed deficits may be best described as “metamemory” or subjective memory deficits. Here, we further investigated the inferior Parietal Lobe’s role in recognition memory as well as metamemory. We tested the hypothesis that the inferior Parietal Lobe gauges the perceived oldness of items, given several neuroimaging findings suggesting that a portion of the left inferior Parietal Lobe is sensitive to perceived oldness. We tested two patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe lesions and matched controls on an old/new recognition task. From these data we constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves by fitting the data with the unequal-variance signal-detection (UVSD) model. The results revealed no memory impairment in terms of patients’ accuracy. However, patients exhibited lower hit rates and false alarms rates at high confidence levels. Further, patients and controls differed in how they set decision criteria for making recognition responses. Patients’ decision criteria for “old” responses were shifted in a conservative fashion such that they were unwilling to endorse recognized target items with high levels of confidence. These findings provide constraints on models of inferior Parietal Lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval.
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True Memory, False Memory, and Subjective Recollection Deficits after Focal Parietal Lobe Lesions
Neuropsychology (journal), 2010Co-Authors: David B. Drowos, Marian E. Berryhill, Jessica M. André, Ingrid R OlsonAbstract:There is growing evidence that the posterior Parietal cortex (PPC) plays an important role in episodic memory retrieval. Functional MRI studies have reported lateral and medial PPC activations across a wide range of episodic memory retrieval tasks (reviewed in Cabeza, 2008; Cabeza, Ciaramelli, Olson, & Moscovitch, 2008; Ciaramelli, Grady, & Moscovitch, 2008; Wagner, Shannon, Kahn, & Buckner, 2005; (Vilberg & Rugg, 2008). The functional involvement of the PPC in episodic memory has been verified by a small number of focal lesion studies (Berryhill, Phuong, Picasso, Cabeza, & Olson, 2007; Davidson, et al., 2008; Simons, Peers, Mazuz, Berryhill, & Olson, 2009; reviewed in Olson & Berryhill, 2009). For instance, we previously tested two patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe damage, one patient with damage that was mostly in the inferior Parietal Lobe (IPL), the other had damage extending into the superior Parietal Lobe, on a study examining autobiographical memory (Berryhill, Phuong, Picasso, Cabeza, & Olson, 2007). Patients and matched controls were asked to select a memory from five designated epochs in their lifetimes and then describe the memory in as much detail as possible. Following this free recall stage, a series of specific probe questions were asked that were aimed at elaborating on the number of details mentioned. The free recall and specific probe data were subjected to a detailed text analysis to categorize, tally, and rate the details mentioned by study participants (Levine, Svoboda, Hay, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2002). The results demonstrated a surprising dissociation in the patients' performance between the free recall and the specific probe stages. Their freely recalled memories were significantly impoverished in terms of the number of details they referenced. In contrast, during the specific probe stage, patients responded with as much detail as the control subjects. Because the task did not involve encoding, the patients' abnormally low performance is best characterized as a memory retrieval deficit. In another study (Davidson, et al., 2008), a patient with unilateral left PPC damage was tested in a series of tasks including the classic Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false-memory paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). In the standard DRM, participants are presented with lists of conceptually related words, and later, they are asked to perform an old/new recognition memory task. At retrieval, most participants claim to have seen or heard words that in fact, had never appeared on the list (“false memories”). This occurs when the words are closely related to the core theme of the words on the learned list. It is thought that such false memories arise from automatic activation of conceptually related words, or “gist” information (Schacter & Slotnick, 2004). Such false memories are typically accompanied by a strong subjective sense of recollection. Meta-memory processes operating at retrieval can also shape expectations about what true memories feel like, further modulating false memory rates. The Davidson, et al., (2008) report described a unique pattern of deficits in their unilateral PPC patient: she remembered relatively fewer items and made relatively fewer false alarms. The authors interpret this as evidence that the patient was not activating the ‘gist’ information associated with each semantically related list. Davidson's patient also reported a decreased sense of subjective recollection, a finding that has been reported by two other groups using different tasks and stimuli (Ally, Simons, McKeever, Peers, & Budson, 2008; Simons, Peers, Mazuz, Berryhill, & Olson, 2009). It is important to point out that there are several negative findings in this small literature. For instance, three studies have reported that unilateral and bilateral Parietal Lobe damage has no deleterious effect on source memory accuracy (Davidson et al., 2008; Simons et al., 2009) even when the lesions overlap with regions activated by a source-memory task in an fMRI study (Simons et al., 2008). There is also evidence that unilateral Parietal Lobe damage or has no measureable effect on item-recognition memory, such as recognition of a long series of words, pictures, or sounds (Haramati, Soroker, Dudai, & Levy, 2007). In summary, the existing data indicates that Parietal Lobe damage affects episodic memory in some cases but not others. Because there have only been a small number of studies on this topic, and those that exist offer uneven evidence for Parietal involvement in episodic memory, it is difficult to make informed hypotheses about the Parietal Lobes' functional role in episodic memory. Also, with a few exceptions, most reported findings have not been replicated. The goal of this study is to bolster the literature by replicating and extending the DRM findings reported by Davidson and colleagues. Davidson's finding is valuable because the DRM task has been used on several different patient populations, thus allowing one to compare the effects of different focal lesions on task performance. In the present study, two patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe damage are tested on two different DRM tasks. After conducting our primary analyses, we conduct a brief qualitative meta-analysis in which the performance of our patients is compared to the performance of patients with medial temporal Lobe (MTL) damage.
-
Some surprising findings on the involvement of the Parietal Lobe in human memory
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2008Co-Authors: Ingrid R Olson, Marian E. BerryhillAbstract:The posterior Parietal Lobe is known to play some role in a far-flung list of mental processes: linking vision to action (saccadic eye movements, reaching, grasping), attending to visual space, numerical calculation, and mental rotation. Here, we review findings from humans and monkeys that illuminate an untraditional function of this region: memory. Our review draws on neuroimaging findings that have repeatedly identified Parietal Lobe activations associated with short-term or working memory and episodic memory. We also discuss recent neuropsychological findings showing that individuals with Parietal Lobe damage exhibit both working memory and long-term memory deficits. These deficits are not ubiquitous; they are only evident under certain retrieval demands. Our review elaborates on these findings and evaluates various theories about the mechanistic role of the posterior Parietal Lobe in memory. The available data point towards the conclusion that the posterior Parietal Lobe plays an important role in memory retrieval irrespective of elapsed time. However, the available data do not support simple dichotomies such as recall versus recognition, working versus long-term memory. We conclude by formalizing several open questions that are intended to encourage future research in this rapidly developing area of memory research.
-
Is the posterior Parietal Lobe involved in working memory retrieval? Evidence from patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe damage.
Neuropsychologia, 2008Co-Authors: Marian E. Berryhill, Ingrid R OlsonAbstract:Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the Parietal Lobe has an important role in memory retrieval, yet neuropsychology is largely silent on this topic. Recently, we reported that unilateral Parietal Lobe damage impairs various forms of visual working memory when tested by old/new recognition. Here, we investigate whether Parietal Lobe working memory deficits are linked to problems at retrieval. We tested two patients with bilateral Parietal Lobe damage in a series of visual working memory tasks that probed recall and old/new recognition. Stimuli were presented sequentially and several stimulus categories were tested. The results of these experiments show that Parietal Lobe damage disproportionately impairs old/new recognition as compared to cued recall across stimulus categories. The observed performance dissociation suggests that the posterior Parietal Lobe plays a particularly vital role in working memory retrieval.
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The right Parietal Lobe is critical for visual working memory.
Neuropsychologia, 2008Co-Authors: Marian E. Berryhill, Ingrid R OlsonAbstract:Visual working memory (VWM) permits the maintenance of object identities and their locations across brief delays such as those accompanying eye movements. Recent neuroimaging studies have emphasized the role of the posterior Parietal Lobe in this process although the specific nature of this involvement in VWM remains controversial. Neuroimaging findings suggest that the Parietal Lobe may have a general role in remembering various types of visual information whereas neuropsychological findings suggest that Parietal involvement is primarily related to motor spatial attention and spatial memory. In the present study, patients with unilateral right Parietal Lobe damage, lacking symptoms of neglect, were tested in several VWM old/new recognition tasks. Parietal damage lead to impaired performance on all VWM tasks, including spatial, object, and object/spatial conjunction tasks. Deficits were found across several stimulus categories. These results provide neuropsychological support for neuroimaging results, and more generally indicate that the Parietal Lobe serves a general role in diverse forms of VWM.
Ping Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antisaccade generation is impaired after Parietal Lobe lesions
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Ping Cheng, Moshe EizenmanAbstract:Antisaccades are directed away from visual targets. Impaired antisaccade generation has been attributed to frontal Lobe damage. We studied antisaccades in patients with unilateral focal Parietal Lobe lesions. Normal subjects (N = 10) instructed to make 10° antisaccades opposite to a 100-ms target flash 10° to the right or left of center made antisaccades in 86.1% of trials. Patients (N = 13) made antisaccades contraversive to their lesions in 55.4% of trials and 50.5% of ipsiversive trials. In other trials, reflexive saccades occurred toward the target flash. Nine patients with imaged lesions overlapping in Parietal Lobe white matter showed subnormal antisaccade generation. Antisaccades provide a means of measuring voluntary saccade function of the Parietal Lobes independent of visual guidance. Impaired suppression of reflexive saccades and generation of antisaccades is attributed to disconnection of Parietal Lobe from frontal Lobe ocular motor areas.
M. L. Phan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Auditory and Visual Spatial Localization Deficits Following Bilateral Parietal Lobe Lesions in a Patient with Balint’s Syndrome
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: M. L. Phan, K. L. Schendel, G. H. Recanzone, Lynn C. RobertsonAbstract:Lesion and electrophysiological studies indicate that the Parietal Lobes play a role in visual spatial attention and in computing the spatial coordinates of visual input. Fewer studies have investigated the role of the Parietal Lobe in auditory spatial processing, and an extensive comparison of visual and auditory spatial processing in humans with Parietal Lobe lesions has yet to be conducted. We have studied such localization abilities in a Balint's syndrome patient (RM) who has bilateral Parietal Lobe lesions. The results indicated that this patient had a significant deficit in both visual and auditory localization relative to age-matched controls. Unlike the controls, however, RM's auditory localization ability either matched or exceeded his visual localization ability depending on the task. Accordingly, RM exhibited "auditory capture," but not "visual capture" under conditions where control subjects showed the opposite pattern. These results are consistent with hypotheses that the Parietal Lobes are involved in creating multiple spatial representations and in shifting from one spatial reference point to another, but suggest that these Parietal structures are not necessary for the integration of multiple sensory stimuli resulting in capture effects.
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auditory and visual spatial localization deficits following bilateral Parietal Lobe lesions in a patient with balint s syndrome
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: M. L. Phan, K. L. Schendel, G. H. Recanzone, Lynn C. RobertsonAbstract:Lesion and electrophysiological studies indicate that the Parietal Lobes play a role in visual spatial attention and in computing the spatial coordinates of visual input. Fewer studies have investigated the role of the Parietal Lobe in auditory spatial processing, and an extensive comparison of visual and auditory spatial processing in humans with Parietal Lobe lesions has yet to be conducted. We have studied such localization abilities in a Balint's syndrome patient (RM) who has bilateral Parietal Lobe lesions. The results indicated that this patient had a significant deficit in both visual and auditory localization relative to age-matched controls. Unlike the controls, however, RM's auditory localization ability either matched or exceeded his visual localization ability depending on the task. Accordingly, RM exhibited "auditory capture," but not "visual capture" under conditions where control subjects showed the opposite pattern. These results are consistent with hypotheses that the Parietal Lobes are involved in creating multiple spatial representations and in shifting from one spatial reference point to another, but suggest that these Parietal structures are not necessary for the integration of multiple sensory stimuli resulting in capture effects.