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Claudio Galletti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thalamic projections to visual and visuomotor areas (V6 and V6A) in the Rostral Bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus of the Macaque
    Brain Structure and Function, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michela Gamberini, Patrizia Fattori, Sophia Bakola, Lauretta Passarelli, Kathleen J. Burman, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Claudio Galletti
    Abstract:

    The medial posterior parietal cortex of the primate brain includes different functional areas, which have been defined based on the functional properties, cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria, and cortico-cortical connections. Here, we describe the thalamic projections to two of these areas (V6 and V6A), based on 14 retrograde neuronal tracer injections in 11 hemispheres of 9 Macaca fascicularis . The injections were placed either by direct visualisation or using electrophysiological guidance, and the location of injection sites was determined post mortem based on cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria. We found that the majority of the thalamic afferents to the visual area V6 originate in subdivisions of the lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei, with weaker inputs originating from the central densocellular, paracentral, lateral posterior, lateral geniculate, ventral anterior and mediodorsal nuclei. In contrast, injections in both the dorsal and ventral parts of the visuomotor area V6A revealed strong inputs from the lateral posterior and medial pulvinar nuclei, as well as smaller inputs from the ventrolateral complex and from the central densocellular, paracentral, and mediodorsal nuclei. These projection patterns are in line with the functional properties of injected areas: “dorsal stream” extrastriate area V6 receives information from visuotopically organised subdivisions of the thalamus; whereas visuomotor area V6A, which is involved in the sensory guidance of arm movement, receives its primary afferents from thalamic nuclei that provide high-order somatic and visual input.

  • resting state connectivity and functional specialization in human medial parieto occipital cortex
    Brain Structure & Function, 2015
    Co-Authors: Annalisa Tosoni, Patrizia Fattori, Claudio Galletti, Giorgia Committeri, Sabrina Pitzalis, Gaspare Galati
    Abstract:

    According to recent models of visuo-spatial processing, the medial Parieto-Occipital cortex is a crucial node of the dorsal visual stream. Evidence from neurophysiological studies in monkeys has indicated that the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POS) contains three functionally and cytoarchitectonically distinct areas: the visual area V6 in the fundus of the POS, and the visuo-motor areas V6Av and V6Ad in a progressively dorsal and anterior location with respect to V6. Besides different topographical organization, cytoarchitectonics, and functional properties, these three monkey areas can also be distinguished based on their patterns of cortico-cortical connections. Thanks to wide-field retinotopic mapping, areas V6 and V6Av have been also mapped in the human brain. Here, using a combined approach of resting-state functional connectivity and task-evoked activity by fMRI, we identified a new region in the anterior POS showing a pattern of functional properties and cortical connections that suggests a homology with the monkey area V6Ad. In addition, we observed distinct patterns of cortical connections associated with the human V6 and V6Av which are remarkably consistent with those showed by the anatomical tracing studies in the corresponding monkey areas. Consistent with recent models on visuo-spatial processing, our findings demonstrate a gradient of functional specialization and cortical connections within the human POS, with more posterior regions primarily dedicated to the analysis of visual attributes useful for spatial navigation and more anterior regions primarily dedicated to analyses of spatial information relevant for goal-directed action.

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE Thalamic projections to visual and visuomotor areas (V6 and V6A) in the Rostral Bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus of the Macaque
    2014
    Co-Authors: Michela Gamberini, Claudio Galletti, Sophia Bakola, Lauretta Passarelli, Thalamic Nuclei
    Abstract:

    Abstract The medial posterior parietal cortex of the primate brain includes different functional areas, which have been defined based on the functional properties, cyto-and myeloarchitectural criteria, and cortico-cortical con-nections. Here, we describe the thalamic projections to two of these areas (V6 and V6A), based on 14 retrograde neuronal tracer injections in 11 hemispheres of 9 Macaca fascicularis. The injections were placed either by direct visualisation or using electrophysiological guidance, and the location of injection sites was determined post mortem based on cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria. We found that the majority of the thalamic afferents to the visual area V6 originate in subdivisions of the lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei, with weaker inputs originating from the central densocellular, paracentral, lateral posterior, lateral geniculate, ventral anterior and mediodorsal nuclei. In contrast, injections in both the dorsal and ventral parts of the visuomotor area V6A revealed strong inputs from the lateral posterior and medial pulvinar nuclei, as well as smaller inputs from the ventrolateral complex and from the central densocellular, paracentral, and mediodorsal nuclei. These projection patterns are in line with the functional properties of injected areas: ‘‘dorsal stream’ ’ extrastriate area V6 receives information from visuotopically organ-ised subdivisions of the thalamus; whereas visuomotor area V6A, which is involved in the sensory guidance of arm movement, receives its primary afferents from thalamic nuclei that provide high-order somatic and visual input

  • rTMS of Medial Parieto-Occipital Cortex Interferes with Attentional Reorienting during Attention and Reaching Tasks
    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2013
    Co-Authors: M. Ciavarro, Annalisa Tosoni, Ettore Ambrosini, Patrizia Fattori, Giorgia Committeri, Claudio Galletti
    Abstract:

    Unexpected changes in the location of a target for an upcoming action require both attentional reorienting and motor planning update. In both macaque and human brain, the medial posterior parietal cortex is involved in both phenomena but its causal role is still unclear. Here we used on-line rTMS over the putative human V6A (pV6A), a reach-related region in the dorsal part of the anterior bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus, during an attention and a reaching task requiring covert shifts of attention and planning of reaching movements toward cued targets in space. We found that rTMS increased RTs to invalidly cued but not to validly cued targets during both the attention and reaching task. Furthermore, we found that rTMS induced a deviation of reaching endpoints toward visual fixation and that this deviation was larger for invalidly cued targets. The results suggest that reorienting signals are used by human pV6A area to rapidly update the current motor plan or the ongoing action when a behaviorally relevant object unexpectedly occurs in an unattended location. The current findings suggest a direct involvement of the action-related dorso-medial visual stream in attentional reorienting and a more specific role of pV6A area in the dynamic, on-line control of reaching actions.

  • the cortical visual area v6 brain location and visual topography
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claudio Galletti, Patrizia Fattori, Michela Gamberini, Dieter F Kutz
    Abstract:

    The brain location and topographical organization of the cortical visual area V6 was studied in five hemispheres of four awake macaque monkeys. Area V6 is located in the caudal aspect of the superior parietal lobule (SPL). It occupies a 'C'-shaped belt of cortex whose upper branch is in the depth of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POS) and lower one is in the depth of the medial Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POM), with the medial surface of the brain as a zone of junction between the two branches. Area V6 contains a topographically organized representation of the contralateral visual field up to an eccentricity of at least 80 degrees. The lower visual field representation is located dorsally, in the ventral part of POS, and the upper field ventrally, in the dorsal wall of POM. The representation of the horizontal meridian forms the posterior border of V6. It is adjacent to area V3 in POS as well as in the caudal part of POM, on the ventral convexity of the brain. The lower vertical meridian forms the anterior border of V6, adjacent to area V6A. The upper vertical meridian is in the depth of POM. The representation of the central visual field is not magnified relative to that of the periphery. The central visual field (below 20-30 degrees of eccentricity) is represented in the medial-most aspect of the annectant gyrus, in the lateral part of the posterior bank of POS. The visuotopic organization of area V6 suggests a role in the analysis of the flow field resulting from self-motion, in selecting targets during visual searching as well as in the control of arm-reaching movements towards non-foveated targets.

Patrizia Fattori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thalamic projections to visual and visuomotor areas (V6 and V6A) in the Rostral Bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus of the Macaque
    Brain Structure and Function, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michela Gamberini, Patrizia Fattori, Sophia Bakola, Lauretta Passarelli, Kathleen J. Burman, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Claudio Galletti
    Abstract:

    The medial posterior parietal cortex of the primate brain includes different functional areas, which have been defined based on the functional properties, cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria, and cortico-cortical connections. Here, we describe the thalamic projections to two of these areas (V6 and V6A), based on 14 retrograde neuronal tracer injections in 11 hemispheres of 9 Macaca fascicularis . The injections were placed either by direct visualisation or using electrophysiological guidance, and the location of injection sites was determined post mortem based on cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria. We found that the majority of the thalamic afferents to the visual area V6 originate in subdivisions of the lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei, with weaker inputs originating from the central densocellular, paracentral, lateral posterior, lateral geniculate, ventral anterior and mediodorsal nuclei. In contrast, injections in both the dorsal and ventral parts of the visuomotor area V6A revealed strong inputs from the lateral posterior and medial pulvinar nuclei, as well as smaller inputs from the ventrolateral complex and from the central densocellular, paracentral, and mediodorsal nuclei. These projection patterns are in line with the functional properties of injected areas: “dorsal stream” extrastriate area V6 receives information from visuotopically organised subdivisions of the thalamus; whereas visuomotor area V6A, which is involved in the sensory guidance of arm movement, receives its primary afferents from thalamic nuclei that provide high-order somatic and visual input.

  • resting state connectivity and functional specialization in human medial parieto occipital cortex
    Brain Structure & Function, 2015
    Co-Authors: Annalisa Tosoni, Patrizia Fattori, Claudio Galletti, Giorgia Committeri, Sabrina Pitzalis, Gaspare Galati
    Abstract:

    According to recent models of visuo-spatial processing, the medial Parieto-Occipital cortex is a crucial node of the dorsal visual stream. Evidence from neurophysiological studies in monkeys has indicated that the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POS) contains three functionally and cytoarchitectonically distinct areas: the visual area V6 in the fundus of the POS, and the visuo-motor areas V6Av and V6Ad in a progressively dorsal and anterior location with respect to V6. Besides different topographical organization, cytoarchitectonics, and functional properties, these three monkey areas can also be distinguished based on their patterns of cortico-cortical connections. Thanks to wide-field retinotopic mapping, areas V6 and V6Av have been also mapped in the human brain. Here, using a combined approach of resting-state functional connectivity and task-evoked activity by fMRI, we identified a new region in the anterior POS showing a pattern of functional properties and cortical connections that suggests a homology with the monkey area V6Ad. In addition, we observed distinct patterns of cortical connections associated with the human V6 and V6Av which are remarkably consistent with those showed by the anatomical tracing studies in the corresponding monkey areas. Consistent with recent models on visuo-spatial processing, our findings demonstrate a gradient of functional specialization and cortical connections within the human POS, with more posterior regions primarily dedicated to the analysis of visual attributes useful for spatial navigation and more anterior regions primarily dedicated to analyses of spatial information relevant for goal-directed action.

  • rTMS of Medial Parieto-Occipital Cortex Interferes with Attentional Reorienting during Attention and Reaching Tasks
    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2013
    Co-Authors: M. Ciavarro, Annalisa Tosoni, Ettore Ambrosini, Patrizia Fattori, Giorgia Committeri, Claudio Galletti
    Abstract:

    Unexpected changes in the location of a target for an upcoming action require both attentional reorienting and motor planning update. In both macaque and human brain, the medial posterior parietal cortex is involved in both phenomena but its causal role is still unclear. Here we used on-line rTMS over the putative human V6A (pV6A), a reach-related region in the dorsal part of the anterior bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus, during an attention and a reaching task requiring covert shifts of attention and planning of reaching movements toward cued targets in space. We found that rTMS increased RTs to invalidly cued but not to validly cued targets during both the attention and reaching task. Furthermore, we found that rTMS induced a deviation of reaching endpoints toward visual fixation and that this deviation was larger for invalidly cued targets. The results suggest that reorienting signals are used by human pV6A area to rapidly update the current motor plan or the ongoing action when a behaviorally relevant object unexpectedly occurs in an unattended location. The current findings suggest a direct involvement of the action-related dorso-medial visual stream in attentional reorienting and a more specific role of pV6A area in the dynamic, on-line control of reaching actions.

  • the cortical visual area v6 brain location and visual topography
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claudio Galletti, Patrizia Fattori, Michela Gamberini, Dieter F Kutz
    Abstract:

    The brain location and topographical organization of the cortical visual area V6 was studied in five hemispheres of four awake macaque monkeys. Area V6 is located in the caudal aspect of the superior parietal lobule (SPL). It occupies a 'C'-shaped belt of cortex whose upper branch is in the depth of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POS) and lower one is in the depth of the medial Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POM), with the medial surface of the brain as a zone of junction between the two branches. Area V6 contains a topographically organized representation of the contralateral visual field up to an eccentricity of at least 80 degrees. The lower visual field representation is located dorsally, in the ventral part of POS, and the upper field ventrally, in the dorsal wall of POM. The representation of the horizontal meridian forms the posterior border of V6. It is adjacent to area V3 in POS as well as in the caudal part of POM, on the ventral convexity of the brain. The lower vertical meridian forms the anterior border of V6, adjacent to area V6A. The upper vertical meridian is in the depth of POM. The representation of the central visual field is not magnified relative to that of the periphery. The central visual field (below 20-30 degrees of eccentricity) is represented in the medial-most aspect of the annectant gyrus, in the lateral part of the posterior bank of POS. The visuotopic organization of area V6 suggests a role in the analysis of the flow field resulting from self-motion, in selecting targets during visual searching as well as in the control of arm-reaching movements towards non-foveated targets.

  • brain location and visual topography of cortical area v6a in the macaque monkey
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claudio Galletti, Dieter F Kutz, Patrizia Fattori, Michela Gamberini
    Abstract:

    The brain location, extent and functional organization of the cortical visual area V6A was investigated in macaque monkeys by using single cell recording techniques in awake, behaving animals. Six hemispheres of four animals were studied. Area V6A occupies a horseshoe-like region of cortex in the caudalmost part of the superior parietal lobule. It extends from the medial surface of the brain, through the anterior bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus, up to the most lateral part of the fundus of the same Sulcus. Area V6A borders on areas V6 ventrally, PEc dorsally, PGm medially and MIP laterally. Of 1348 neurons recorded in V6A, 61% were visual and 39% non-visual in nature. The visual neurons were particularly sensitive to orientation and direction of movement of visual stimuli. The inferior contralateral quadrant was the most represented one. Visual receptive fields were also found in the inferior ipsilateral quadrant and in the upper visual field. Receptive fields were on average smaller in the lower visual field than in the upper one. Both central and peripheral parts of the visual field were represented. Large parts of the visual field were represented in small regions of area V6A, and the same regions of the visual field were re-represented many times in different parts of this area, without any apparent topographical order. The only reliable sign of retinotopic organization was the predominance of central representation dorsally and far periphery ventrally. The functional organization of area V6A is discussed in the view that this area could be involved in the control of reaching out and grasping objects.

Michela Gamberini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thalamic projections to visual and visuomotor areas (V6 and V6A) in the Rostral Bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus of the Macaque
    Brain Structure and Function, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michela Gamberini, Patrizia Fattori, Sophia Bakola, Lauretta Passarelli, Kathleen J. Burman, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Claudio Galletti
    Abstract:

    The medial posterior parietal cortex of the primate brain includes different functional areas, which have been defined based on the functional properties, cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria, and cortico-cortical connections. Here, we describe the thalamic projections to two of these areas (V6 and V6A), based on 14 retrograde neuronal tracer injections in 11 hemispheres of 9 Macaca fascicularis . The injections were placed either by direct visualisation or using electrophysiological guidance, and the location of injection sites was determined post mortem based on cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria. We found that the majority of the thalamic afferents to the visual area V6 originate in subdivisions of the lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei, with weaker inputs originating from the central densocellular, paracentral, lateral posterior, lateral geniculate, ventral anterior and mediodorsal nuclei. In contrast, injections in both the dorsal and ventral parts of the visuomotor area V6A revealed strong inputs from the lateral posterior and medial pulvinar nuclei, as well as smaller inputs from the ventrolateral complex and from the central densocellular, paracentral, and mediodorsal nuclei. These projection patterns are in line with the functional properties of injected areas: “dorsal stream” extrastriate area V6 receives information from visuotopically organised subdivisions of the thalamus; whereas visuomotor area V6A, which is involved in the sensory guidance of arm movement, receives its primary afferents from thalamic nuclei that provide high-order somatic and visual input.

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE Thalamic projections to visual and visuomotor areas (V6 and V6A) in the Rostral Bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus of the Macaque
    2014
    Co-Authors: Michela Gamberini, Claudio Galletti, Sophia Bakola, Lauretta Passarelli, Thalamic Nuclei
    Abstract:

    Abstract The medial posterior parietal cortex of the primate brain includes different functional areas, which have been defined based on the functional properties, cyto-and myeloarchitectural criteria, and cortico-cortical con-nections. Here, we describe the thalamic projections to two of these areas (V6 and V6A), based on 14 retrograde neuronal tracer injections in 11 hemispheres of 9 Macaca fascicularis. The injections were placed either by direct visualisation or using electrophysiological guidance, and the location of injection sites was determined post mortem based on cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria. We found that the majority of the thalamic afferents to the visual area V6 originate in subdivisions of the lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei, with weaker inputs originating from the central densocellular, paracentral, lateral posterior, lateral geniculate, ventral anterior and mediodorsal nuclei. In contrast, injections in both the dorsal and ventral parts of the visuomotor area V6A revealed strong inputs from the lateral posterior and medial pulvinar nuclei, as well as smaller inputs from the ventrolateral complex and from the central densocellular, paracentral, and mediodorsal nuclei. These projection patterns are in line with the functional properties of injected areas: ‘‘dorsal stream’ ’ extrastriate area V6 receives information from visuotopically organ-ised subdivisions of the thalamus; whereas visuomotor area V6A, which is involved in the sensory guidance of arm movement, receives its primary afferents from thalamic nuclei that provide high-order somatic and visual input

  • the cortical visual area v6 brain location and visual topography
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claudio Galletti, Patrizia Fattori, Michela Gamberini, Dieter F Kutz
    Abstract:

    The brain location and topographical organization of the cortical visual area V6 was studied in five hemispheres of four awake macaque monkeys. Area V6 is located in the caudal aspect of the superior parietal lobule (SPL). It occupies a 'C'-shaped belt of cortex whose upper branch is in the depth of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POS) and lower one is in the depth of the medial Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POM), with the medial surface of the brain as a zone of junction between the two branches. Area V6 contains a topographically organized representation of the contralateral visual field up to an eccentricity of at least 80 degrees. The lower visual field representation is located dorsally, in the ventral part of POS, and the upper field ventrally, in the dorsal wall of POM. The representation of the horizontal meridian forms the posterior border of V6. It is adjacent to area V3 in POS as well as in the caudal part of POM, on the ventral convexity of the brain. The lower vertical meridian forms the anterior border of V6, adjacent to area V6A. The upper vertical meridian is in the depth of POM. The representation of the central visual field is not magnified relative to that of the periphery. The central visual field (below 20-30 degrees of eccentricity) is represented in the medial-most aspect of the annectant gyrus, in the lateral part of the posterior bank of POS. The visuotopic organization of area V6 suggests a role in the analysis of the flow field resulting from self-motion, in selecting targets during visual searching as well as in the control of arm-reaching movements towards non-foveated targets.

  • brain location and visual topography of cortical area v6a in the macaque monkey
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claudio Galletti, Dieter F Kutz, Patrizia Fattori, Michela Gamberini
    Abstract:

    The brain location, extent and functional organization of the cortical visual area V6A was investigated in macaque monkeys by using single cell recording techniques in awake, behaving animals. Six hemispheres of four animals were studied. Area V6A occupies a horseshoe-like region of cortex in the caudalmost part of the superior parietal lobule. It extends from the medial surface of the brain, through the anterior bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus, up to the most lateral part of the fundus of the same Sulcus. Area V6A borders on areas V6 ventrally, PEc dorsally, PGm medially and MIP laterally. Of 1348 neurons recorded in V6A, 61% were visual and 39% non-visual in nature. The visual neurons were particularly sensitive to orientation and direction of movement of visual stimuli. The inferior contralateral quadrant was the most represented one. Visual receptive fields were also found in the inferior ipsilateral quadrant and in the upper visual field. Receptive fields were on average smaller in the lower visual field than in the upper one. Both central and peripheral parts of the visual field were represented. Large parts of the visual field were represented in small regions of area V6A, and the same regions of the visual field were re-represented many times in different parts of this area, without any apparent topographical order. The only reliable sign of retinotopic organization was the predominance of central representation dorsally and far periphery ventrally. The functional organization of area V6A is discussed in the view that this area could be involved in the control of reaching out and grasping objects.

Gaspare Galati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • role of the human retrosplenial cortex parieto occipital Sulcus in perspective priming
    NeuroImage, 2016
    Co-Authors: Valentina Sulpizio, Giorgia Committeri, Simon Lambrey, Alain Berthoz, Gaspare Galati
    Abstract:

    The ability to imagine the world from a different viewpoint is a fundamental competence for spatial reorientation and for imagining what another individual sees in the environment. Here, we investigated the neural bases of such an ability using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Healthy participants detected target displacements across consecutive views of a familiar virtual room, either from the perspective of an avatar (primed condition) or in the absence of such a prime (unprimed condition). In the primed condition, the perspective at test always corresponded to the avatar's perspective, while in the unprimed condition it was randomly chosen as 0, 45 or 135deg of viewpoint rotation. We observed a behavioral advantage in performing a perspective transformation during the primed condition as compared to an equivalent amount of unprimed perspective change. Although many cortical regions (dorsal parietal, parieto-temporo-occipital junction, precuneus and retrosplenial cortex/Parieto-Occipital Sulcus or RSC/POS) were involved in encoding and retrieving target location from different perspectives and were modulated by the amount of viewpoint rotation, the RSC/POS was the only area showing decreased activity in the primed as compared to the unprimed condition, suggesting that this region anticipates the upcoming perspective change. The retrosplenial cortex/Parieto-Occipital Sulcus appears to play a special role in the allocentric coding of heading directions.

  • resting state connectivity and functional specialization in human medial parieto occipital cortex
    Brain Structure & Function, 2015
    Co-Authors: Annalisa Tosoni, Patrizia Fattori, Claudio Galletti, Giorgia Committeri, Sabrina Pitzalis, Gaspare Galati
    Abstract:

    According to recent models of visuo-spatial processing, the medial Parieto-Occipital cortex is a crucial node of the dorsal visual stream. Evidence from neurophysiological studies in monkeys has indicated that the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POS) contains three functionally and cytoarchitectonically distinct areas: the visual area V6 in the fundus of the POS, and the visuo-motor areas V6Av and V6Ad in a progressively dorsal and anterior location with respect to V6. Besides different topographical organization, cytoarchitectonics, and functional properties, these three monkey areas can also be distinguished based on their patterns of cortico-cortical connections. Thanks to wide-field retinotopic mapping, areas V6 and V6Av have been also mapped in the human brain. Here, using a combined approach of resting-state functional connectivity and task-evoked activity by fMRI, we identified a new region in the anterior POS showing a pattern of functional properties and cortical connections that suggests a homology with the monkey area V6Ad. In addition, we observed distinct patterns of cortical connections associated with the human V6 and V6Av which are remarkably consistent with those showed by the anatomical tracing studies in the corresponding monkey areas. Consistent with recent models on visuo-spatial processing, our findings demonstrate a gradient of functional specialization and cortical connections within the human POS, with more posterior regions primarily dedicated to the analysis of visual attributes useful for spatial navigation and more anterior regions primarily dedicated to analyses of spatial information relevant for goal-directed action.

Dieter F Kutz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the cortical visual area v6 brain location and visual topography
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claudio Galletti, Patrizia Fattori, Michela Gamberini, Dieter F Kutz
    Abstract:

    The brain location and topographical organization of the cortical visual area V6 was studied in five hemispheres of four awake macaque monkeys. Area V6 is located in the caudal aspect of the superior parietal lobule (SPL). It occupies a 'C'-shaped belt of cortex whose upper branch is in the depth of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POS) and lower one is in the depth of the medial Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (POM), with the medial surface of the brain as a zone of junction between the two branches. Area V6 contains a topographically organized representation of the contralateral visual field up to an eccentricity of at least 80 degrees. The lower visual field representation is located dorsally, in the ventral part of POS, and the upper field ventrally, in the dorsal wall of POM. The representation of the horizontal meridian forms the posterior border of V6. It is adjacent to area V3 in POS as well as in the caudal part of POM, on the ventral convexity of the brain. The lower vertical meridian forms the anterior border of V6, adjacent to area V6A. The upper vertical meridian is in the depth of POM. The representation of the central visual field is not magnified relative to that of the periphery. The central visual field (below 20-30 degrees of eccentricity) is represented in the medial-most aspect of the annectant gyrus, in the lateral part of the posterior bank of POS. The visuotopic organization of area V6 suggests a role in the analysis of the flow field resulting from self-motion, in selecting targets during visual searching as well as in the control of arm-reaching movements towards non-foveated targets.

  • brain location and visual topography of cortical area v6a in the macaque monkey
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claudio Galletti, Dieter F Kutz, Patrizia Fattori, Michela Gamberini
    Abstract:

    The brain location, extent and functional organization of the cortical visual area V6A was investigated in macaque monkeys by using single cell recording techniques in awake, behaving animals. Six hemispheres of four animals were studied. Area V6A occupies a horseshoe-like region of cortex in the caudalmost part of the superior parietal lobule. It extends from the medial surface of the brain, through the anterior bank of the Parieto-Occipital Sulcus, up to the most lateral part of the fundus of the same Sulcus. Area V6A borders on areas V6 ventrally, PEc dorsally, PGm medially and MIP laterally. Of 1348 neurons recorded in V6A, 61% were visual and 39% non-visual in nature. The visual neurons were particularly sensitive to orientation and direction of movement of visual stimuli. The inferior contralateral quadrant was the most represented one. Visual receptive fields were also found in the inferior ipsilateral quadrant and in the upper visual field. Receptive fields were on average smaller in the lower visual field than in the upper one. Both central and peripheral parts of the visual field were represented. Large parts of the visual field were represented in small regions of area V6A, and the same regions of the visual field were re-represented many times in different parts of this area, without any apparent topographical order. The only reliable sign of retinotopic organization was the predominance of central representation dorsally and far periphery ventrally. The functional organization of area V6A is discussed in the view that this area could be involved in the control of reaching out and grasping objects.