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Andreas Krause - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic Particle analysis for the evaluation of Particle Degradation during compounding of wood plastic composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016Co-Authors: Laura Teuber, Holger Militz, Andreas KrauseAbstract:Abstract A dynamic image analysis method was applied for Particle characterisation to study the effect of different process conditions during twin-screw compounding of WPC. The use of distributions based on different types of quantity is discussed with respect to their sensitivity to reveal the effects of different process conditions on Particle Degradation. Distributions based on length proved to be most suitable to represent the initially broad length distribution of the Particles before processing. Sensitivity was strong enough to show differences in Particle size after processing depending on process conditions. Particle size was reduced by more than 97% compared to initial size. Degradation was stronger with increasing wood content and when the screw design contained more mixing elements. The effect of screw speed and feed rate was dependent on filler content and screw design.
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processing of wood plastic composites the influence of feeding method and polymer melt flow rate on Particle Degradation
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2016Co-Authors: Laura Teuber, Holger Militz, Andreas KrauseAbstract:Spruce wood Particle (WP)/polypropylene (PP) compounds were prepared in an internal mixer using different rotor speeds. To analyze the effect of feeding method on Particle Degradation, WP and PP were either fed as dry-blend or WP was fed into the PP melt. To prevent melt freezing, pre-heated WP were used as comparison to cold WP. In addition, WPs were compounded with different grades of PP or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to analyze the effect of polymer matrix melt flow rate (MFR) on Particle Degradation. Mixing behavior of compounds containing 30% and 70% (w/w) WP depended on feeding method, represented by a changing relation of final torque values. Feeding as dry-blend and using pre-heated Particles led to stronger WP Degradation. Degradation decreased with increasing polymer MFR. For PP compounds, Particle Degradation was stronger when containing 70% WP, for HDPE the difference due to WP content was only marginal. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43231.
I. Bridle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Computational model for prediction of Particle Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying: modeling of dilute-phase pneumatic conveying
Advanced Powder Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, I. Bridle, Mayur Patel, Michael S.a. Bradley, Mark CrossAbstract:A complete model of Particle impact Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying is developed, which combines a Degradation model, based on the experimental determination of breakage matrices, and a physical model of solids and gas flow in the pipeline. The solids flow in a straight pipe element is represented by a model consisting of two zones: a strand-type flow zone immediately downstream of a bend, followed by a fully suspended flow region after dispersion of the strand. The breakage matrices constructed from data on 90° angle single-impact tests are shown to give a good representation of the Degradation occurring in a pipe bend of 90° angle. Numerical results are presented for Degradation of granulated sugar in a large scale pneumatic conveyor.
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ICCSA (1) - Computational modelling of Particle Degradation in dilute phase pneumatic conveyors
Computational Science and Its Applications — ICCSA 2003, 2003Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, I. Bridle, Mayur Patel, Ugur Tüzün, Michael S.a. Bradley, Mark CrossAbstract:The aim of this paper is to develop a mathematical model with the ability to predict Particle Degradation during dilute phase pneumatic conveying. A numerical procedure, based on a matrix representation of Degradation processes, is presented to determine the Particle impact Degradation propensity from a small number of Particle single impact tests carried out in a new designed laboratory scale Degradation tester. A complete model of Particle Degradation during dilute phase pneumatic conveying is then described, where the calculation of Degradation propensity is coupled with a flow model of the solids and gas phases in the pipeline. Numerical results are presented for Degradation of granulated sugar in an industrial scale pneumatic conveyor.
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Particle Degradation in pneumatic conveyors: Use of data from a pilot-sized test facility to predict Degradation in an industrial conveyor
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 2002Co-Authors: I. Bridle, S R WoodheadAbstract:AbstractDegradation of bulk solid product during pneumatic conveying is of concern in a range of process industries. However, prediction of product Degradation levels at the conveyor design stage has proved challenging. This paper presents a proposed prediction technique, based on the use of a pilot-sized test facility to provide relevant empirical data. The results of experiments undertaken using malted barley, basmati rice, and granulated sugar are reported. For each bulk solid material, a wide range of conveying conditions have been examined, consistent with common industrial practice. Correlations between predictions and experimental data obtained in an industrial-scale conveyor are presented and discussed.
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The analysis of Particle Degradation in pneumatic conveyors utilizing a pilot-sized test facility
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 1999Co-Authors: I. Bridle, Steve Woodhead, Ar ReedAbstract:AbstractPneumatic conveying systems are widely used to convey powdered and granular solid materials in industry. However, as with all transport methods, there are advantages and disadvantages to this technique. Product Degradation can occur when using pneumatic transport. It is desirable to be able to predict product Degradation in real pneumatic conveying systems at the design stage. At the moment this is very difficult to do from a fundamental viewpoint, due to the large number of variables involved, many of which are difficult to quantify for most systems. An empirical approach has therefore been adopted involving the development of a pilot-sized test facility. The test programme incorporated a series of tests using malted barley, granulated sugar and rice. This enabled the measurement of product Degradation over a range of superficial air velocities (9-38 m/s), suspension densities and pipe bend geometries to be made for each material. This paper will present experimental results obtained from the pil...
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A Review of Techniques for the Investigation of Particle Degradation in Pneumatic Conveying Systems
1995Co-Authors: I. Bridle, Woodhead, Aj Burnett, Rn BarnesAbstract:The transport of bulk particulate materials by air through pipelines, is a common method of handling such materials in industry. However, Particle Degradation during transport may be considerable and is undesirable in most circumstances. The problem of Degradation in pneumatic conveying is very complicated and the process is affected by many variables. This paper includes a review and comparison of the work of previous authors in this field, much of the reported work being based on experimental work carried out on bench size and industrial equipment. Areas in which further work may be undertaken are also discussed. A description of an experimental Degradation rig, under construction at the Wolfson Centre, where material is conveyed around one bend, with certain critical variables regulated is also presented. This experimental rig has the advantage that a small quantity of material can be tested, eliminating sampling problems and financial expense. This technique establishes an approach by which it is hoped that the extent of such Degradation occurring in pneumatic conveying systems may be predicted with greater accuracy than is possible at the present time.
Hadi Abou Chakra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Computational model for prediction of Particle Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying: modeling of dilute-phase pneumatic conveying
Advanced Powder Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, I. Bridle, Mayur Patel, Michael S.a. Bradley, Mark CrossAbstract:A complete model of Particle impact Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying is developed, which combines a Degradation model, based on the experimental determination of breakage matrices, and a physical model of solids and gas flow in the pipeline. The solids flow in a straight pipe element is represented by a model consisting of two zones: a strand-type flow zone immediately downstream of a bend, followed by a fully suspended flow region after dispersion of the strand. The breakage matrices constructed from data on 90° angle single-impact tests are shown to give a good representation of the Degradation occurring in a pipe bend of 90° angle. Numerical results are presented for Degradation of granulated sugar in a large scale pneumatic conveyor.
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Computational model for prediction of Particle Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying: the use of a laboratory-scale Degradation tester for the determination of Degradation propensity
Advanced Powder Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Azlina Abu-nahar, Nicholas Christakis, Mayur Patel, Ugur Tüzün, Mark CrossAbstract:The overall objective of this work is to develop a computational model of Particle Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying. A key feature of such a model is the prediction of Particle breakage due to Particle-wall collisions in pipeline bends. This paper presents a method for calculating Particle impact Degradation propensity under a range of Particle velocities and Particle sizes. It is based on interpolation on impact data obtained in a new laboratory-scale Degradation tester. The method is tested and validated against experimental results for Degradation at 90° impact angle of a full-size distribution sample of granulated sugar. In a subsequent work, the calculation of Degradation propensity is coupled with a flow model of the solids and gas phases in the pipeline.
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Sampling Issues in Assessing Particle Degradation in Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 2004Co-Authors: Hadi Abou Chakra, Mark Cross, Ugur Tüzün, Pierre Chapelle, Ian Bridle, J. Baxter, Mayur K. Patel, Michael S.a. BradleyAbstract:The evaluation or design of a granular material handling process requires reliable data if executive decisions are to be made. Material behavior in a given process is usually investigated by collecting and analyzing material samples from different locations within the system. However, sampling can be a significant source of errors, as a poor sampling method can lead to measurements not truly representative of the real process.
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Numerical predictions of Particle Degradation in industrial-scale pneumatic conveyors
Powder Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, Mayur Patel, Ugur Tüzün, Ian Bridle, J. Baxter, Mark CrossAbstract:This paper presents an Eulerian-based numerical model of Particle Degradation in dilute-phase pneumatic conveying systems including bends of different angles. The model shows reasonable agreement with detailed measurements from a pilot-sized pneumatic conveying system and a much larger scale pneumatic conveyor. The potential of the model to predict Degradation in a large-scale conveying system from an industrial plant is demonstrated. The importance of the effect of the bend angle on the damage imparted to the Particles is discussed.
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An investigation of Particle Degradation by impact within a centrifugal accelerator type Degradation tester.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 2003Co-Authors: Hadi Abou Chakra, Ugur Tüzün, Ian Bridle, Mark C. Leaper, M.s.a. Bradley, Ar ReedAbstract:AbstractThere are several testing devices that are used throughout the world for quantifying Particle Degradation by impact against a solid surface. Some devices use pressurized air to accelerate Particles so that they impinge upon a target, some use a vacuum system or mechanical devices to accelerate the Particles. Others attempt to drop Particles from a height to achieve the required velocity. All previous testers have some disadvantage associated with them, the most common being poor control over Particle velocity. Because it is well known that impact velocity is the single most important controlling factor in Particle Degradation, this is a major disadvantage. The second major disadvantage of most previous work is that it involves only single or small numbers of Particles, making it very difficult to scale to bulk. The purpose of this work was to design and construct an improved testing method in a pilot bench-scale unit for assessing Degradation by impact. This test facility can control both the velo...
Mark Cross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Computational model for prediction of Particle Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying: the use of a laboratory-scale Degradation tester for the determination of Degradation propensity
Advanced Powder Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Azlina Abu-nahar, Nicholas Christakis, Mayur Patel, Ugur Tüzün, Mark CrossAbstract:The overall objective of this work is to develop a computational model of Particle Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying. A key feature of such a model is the prediction of Particle breakage due to Particle-wall collisions in pipeline bends. This paper presents a method for calculating Particle impact Degradation propensity under a range of Particle velocities and Particle sizes. It is based on interpolation on impact data obtained in a new laboratory-scale Degradation tester. The method is tested and validated against experimental results for Degradation at 90° impact angle of a full-size distribution sample of granulated sugar. In a subsequent work, the calculation of Degradation propensity is coupled with a flow model of the solids and gas phases in the pipeline.
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Computational model for prediction of Particle Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying: modeling of dilute-phase pneumatic conveying
Advanced Powder Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, I. Bridle, Mayur Patel, Michael S.a. Bradley, Mark CrossAbstract:A complete model of Particle impact Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying is developed, which combines a Degradation model, based on the experimental determination of breakage matrices, and a physical model of solids and gas flow in the pipeline. The solids flow in a straight pipe element is represented by a model consisting of two zones: a strand-type flow zone immediately downstream of a bend, followed by a fully suspended flow region after dispersion of the strand. The breakage matrices constructed from data on 90° angle single-impact tests are shown to give a good representation of the Degradation occurring in a pipe bend of 90° angle. Numerical results are presented for Degradation of granulated sugar in a large scale pneumatic conveyor.
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Sampling Issues in Assessing Particle Degradation in Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 2004Co-Authors: Hadi Abou Chakra, Mark Cross, Ugur Tüzün, Pierre Chapelle, Ian Bridle, J. Baxter, Mayur K. Patel, Michael S.a. BradleyAbstract:The evaluation or design of a granular material handling process requires reliable data if executive decisions are to be made. Material behavior in a given process is usually investigated by collecting and analyzing material samples from different locations within the system. However, sampling can be a significant source of errors, as a poor sampling method can lead to measurements not truly representative of the real process.
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Numerical predictions of Particle Degradation in industrial-scale pneumatic conveyors
Powder Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, Mayur Patel, Ugur Tüzün, Ian Bridle, J. Baxter, Mark CrossAbstract:This paper presents an Eulerian-based numerical model of Particle Degradation in dilute-phase pneumatic conveying systems including bends of different angles. The model shows reasonable agreement with detailed measurements from a pilot-sized pneumatic conveying system and a much larger scale pneumatic conveyor. The potential of the model to predict Degradation in a large-scale conveying system from an industrial plant is demonstrated. The importance of the effect of the bend angle on the damage imparted to the Particles is discussed.
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ICCSA (1) - Computational modelling of Particle Degradation in dilute phase pneumatic conveyors
Computational Science and Its Applications — ICCSA 2003, 2003Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, I. Bridle, Mayur Patel, Ugur Tüzün, Michael S.a. Bradley, Mark CrossAbstract:The aim of this paper is to develop a mathematical model with the ability to predict Particle Degradation during dilute phase pneumatic conveying. A numerical procedure, based on a matrix representation of Degradation processes, is presented to determine the Particle impact Degradation propensity from a small number of Particle single impact tests carried out in a new designed laboratory scale Degradation tester. A complete model of Particle Degradation during dilute phase pneumatic conveying is then described, where the calculation of Degradation propensity is coupled with a flow model of the solids and gas phases in the pipeline. Numerical results are presented for Degradation of granulated sugar in an industrial scale pneumatic conveyor.
Michael S.a. Bradley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Computational model for prediction of Particle Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying: modeling of dilute-phase pneumatic conveying
Advanced Powder Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, I. Bridle, Mayur Patel, Michael S.a. Bradley, Mark CrossAbstract:A complete model of Particle impact Degradation during dilute-phase pneumatic conveying is developed, which combines a Degradation model, based on the experimental determination of breakage matrices, and a physical model of solids and gas flow in the pipeline. The solids flow in a straight pipe element is represented by a model consisting of two zones: a strand-type flow zone immediately downstream of a bend, followed by a fully suspended flow region after dispersion of the strand. The breakage matrices constructed from data on 90° angle single-impact tests are shown to give a good representation of the Degradation occurring in a pipe bend of 90° angle. Numerical results are presented for Degradation of granulated sugar in a large scale pneumatic conveyor.
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Evaluation of Particle Degradation Due to High-Speed Impacts in a Pneumatic Handling System
Particulate Science and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Tong Deng, Richard J. Farnish, Michael S.a. BradleyAbstract:Particle Degradation can be a significant issue in particulate solids handling and processing, particularly in pneumatic conveying systems, in which high-speed impact is usually the main contributory factor leading to changes in Particle size distribution (comparing the material to its virgin state). However, other factors may strongly influence Particles breakage as well, such as Particle concentrations, bend geometry, and hardness of pipe material. Because of such complex influences, it is often very difficult to predict Particle Degradation accurately and rapidly for industrial processes. In this article, a general method for evaluating Particle Degradation due to high-speed impacts is described, in which the breakage properties of Particles are quantified using what are known as “breakage matrices.” Rather than a pilot-size test facility, a bench-scale Degradation tester has been used. Some advantages of using the bench-scale tester are briefly explored. Experimental determination of adipic acid has b...
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Sampling Issues in Assessing Particle Degradation in Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 2004Co-Authors: Hadi Abou Chakra, Mark Cross, Ugur Tüzün, Pierre Chapelle, Ian Bridle, J. Baxter, Mayur K. Patel, Michael S.a. BradleyAbstract:The evaluation or design of a granular material handling process requires reliable data if executive decisions are to be made. Material behavior in a given process is usually investigated by collecting and analyzing material samples from different locations within the system. However, sampling can be a significant source of errors, as a poor sampling method can lead to measurements not truly representative of the real process.
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ICCSA (1) - Computational modelling of Particle Degradation in dilute phase pneumatic conveyors
Computational Science and Its Applications — ICCSA 2003, 2003Co-Authors: Pierre Chapelle, Hadi Abou Chakra, Nicholas Christakis, I. Bridle, Mayur Patel, Ugur Tüzün, Michael S.a. Bradley, Mark CrossAbstract:The aim of this paper is to develop a mathematical model with the ability to predict Particle Degradation during dilute phase pneumatic conveying. A numerical procedure, based on a matrix representation of Degradation processes, is presented to determine the Particle impact Degradation propensity from a small number of Particle single impact tests carried out in a new designed laboratory scale Degradation tester. A complete model of Particle Degradation during dilute phase pneumatic conveying is then described, where the calculation of Degradation propensity is coupled with a flow model of the solids and gas phases in the pipeline. Numerical results are presented for Degradation of granulated sugar in an industrial scale pneumatic conveyor.