The Experts below are selected from a list of 60 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Roddie R Judkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adsorbents for capturing mercury in coal fired boiler flue gas
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Hongqun Yang, Maohong Fan, Alan E Bland, Roddie R JudkinsAbstract:This paper reviews recent advances in the research and development of sorbents used to capture mercury from coal-fired utility boiler flue gas. Mercury emissions are the source of serious health concerns. Worldwide mercury emissions from human activities are estimated to be 1000 to 6000 t/annum. Mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants are believed to be the largest source of anthropogenic mercury emissions. Mercury emissions from coal-fired utility boilers vary in total amount and speciation, depending on coal types, boiler operating conditions, and configurations of air pollution Control Devices (APCDs). The APCDs, such as fabric filter (FF) bag house, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD), can remove some Particulate-bound and oxidized forms of mercury. Elemental mercury often escapes from these Devices. Activated carbon injection upstream of a Particulate Control Device has been shown to have the best potential to remove both elemental and oxidized mercury from the flue gas. For this paper, NORIT FGD activated carbon was extensively studied for its mercury adsorption behavior. Results from bench-, pilot- and field-scale studies, mercury adsorption by coal chars, and a case of lignite-burned mercury Control were reviewed. Studies of brominated carbon, sulfur-impregnated carbon and chloride-impregnated carbon were also reviewed. Carbon substitutes, such as calcium sorbents, petroleum coke, zeolites and fly ash were analyzed for their mercury-adsorption performance. At this time, brominated activated carbon appears to be the best-performing mercury sorbent. A non-injection regenerable sorbent technology is briefly introduced herein, and the issue of mercury leachability is briefly covered. Future research directions are suggested.
Hongqun Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adsorbents for capturing mercury in coal fired boiler flue gas
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Hongqun Yang, Maohong Fan, Alan E Bland, Roddie R JudkinsAbstract:This paper reviews recent advances in the research and development of sorbents used to capture mercury from coal-fired utility boiler flue gas. Mercury emissions are the source of serious health concerns. Worldwide mercury emissions from human activities are estimated to be 1000 to 6000 t/annum. Mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants are believed to be the largest source of anthropogenic mercury emissions. Mercury emissions from coal-fired utility boilers vary in total amount and speciation, depending on coal types, boiler operating conditions, and configurations of air pollution Control Devices (APCDs). The APCDs, such as fabric filter (FF) bag house, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD), can remove some Particulate-bound and oxidized forms of mercury. Elemental mercury often escapes from these Devices. Activated carbon injection upstream of a Particulate Control Device has been shown to have the best potential to remove both elemental and oxidized mercury from the flue gas. For this paper, NORIT FGD activated carbon was extensively studied for its mercury adsorption behavior. Results from bench-, pilot- and field-scale studies, mercury adsorption by coal chars, and a case of lignite-burned mercury Control were reviewed. Studies of brominated carbon, sulfur-impregnated carbon and chloride-impregnated carbon were also reviewed. Carbon substitutes, such as calcium sorbents, petroleum coke, zeolites and fly ash were analyzed for their mercury-adsorption performance. At this time, brominated activated carbon appears to be the best-performing mercury sorbent. A non-injection regenerable sorbent technology is briefly introduced herein, and the issue of mercury leachability is briefly covered. Future research directions are suggested.
Johnson, Richard E. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TOXECON RETROFIT FOR MERCURY AND MULTI-POLLUTANT Control ON THREE 90-MW COAL-FIRED BOILERS
Wisconsin Electric Power Company, 2006Co-Authors: Johnson, Richard E.Abstract:With the Nation's coal-burning utilities facing tighter Controls on mercury pollutants, the U.S. Department of Energy is supporting projects that could offer power plant operators better ways to reduce these emissions at much lower costs. Sorbent injection technology represents one of the simplest and most mature approaches to Controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired boilers. It involves injecting a solid material such as powdered activated carbon into the flue gas. The gas-phase mercury in the flue gas contacts the sorbent and attaches to its surface. The sorbent with the mercury attached is then collected by a Particulate Control Device along with the other solid material, primarily fly ash. We Energies has over 3,200 MW of coal-fired generating capacity and supports an integrated multi-emission Control strategy for SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, and mercury emissions while maintaining a varied fuel mix for electric supply. The primary goal of this project is to reduce mercury emissions from three 90-MW units that burn Powder River Basin coal at the We Energies Presque Isle Power Plant. Additional goals are to reduce nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}), sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), and Particulate matter (PM) emissions, allow for reuse and sale of fly ash, demonstrate a reliable mercury continuous emission monitor (CEM) suitable for use in the power plant environment, and demonstrate a process to recover mercury captured in the sorbent. To achieve these goals, We Energies (the Participant) will design, install, and operate a TOXECON{trademark} system designed to clean the combined flue gases of Units 7, 8, and 9 at the Presque Isle Power Plant. TOXECON{trademark} is a patented process in which a fabric filter system (baghouse) installed downstream of an existing particle Control Device is used in conjunction with sorbent injection for removal of pollutants from combustion flue gas. For this project, the flue gas emissions will be Controlled from the three units using a single baghouse. Mercury will be Controlled by injection of activated carbon or other novel sorbents, while NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} will be Controlled by injection of sodium-based or other novel sorbents. Addition of the TOXECON{trademark} baghouse will provide enhanced Particulate Control. Sorbents will be injected downstream of the existing particle collection Device to allow for continued sale and reuse of captured fly ash from the existing Particulate Control Device, uncontaminated by activated carbon or sodium sorbents. Methods for sorbent regeneration, i.e., mercury recovery from the sorbent, will be explored and evaluated. For mercury concentration monitoring in the flue gas streams, components available for use will be evaluated and the best available will be integrated into a mercury CEM suitable for use in the power plant environment. This project will provide for the use of a Control system to reduce emissions of mercury while minimizing waste from a coal-fired power generation system
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TOXECON RETROFIT FOR MERCURY AND MULTI-POLLUTANT Control ON THREE 90 MW COAL FIRED BOILERS
'Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)', 2004Co-Authors: Johnson, Richard E.Abstract:With the Nation's coal-burning utilities facing tighter Controls on mercury pollutants, the U.S. Department of Energy is supporting projects that could offer power plant operators better ways to reduce these emissions at much lower costs. Sorbent injection technology represents one of the simplest and most mature approaches to Controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired boilers. It involves injecting a solid material such as powdered activated carbon into the flue gas. The gas-phase mercury in the flue gas contacts the sorbent and attaches to its surface. The sorbent with the mercury attached is then collected by a particle Control Device along with the other solid material, primarily fly ash. WE Energies has over 3,700 MW of coal-fired generating capacity and supports an integrated multi-emission Control strategy for SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x} and mercury emissions while maintaining a varied fuel mix for electric supply. The primary goal of this project is to reduce mercury emissions from three 90 MW units that burn Powder River Basin coal at the WE Energies Presque Isle Power Plant. Additional goals are to reduce nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}), sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), and Particulate matter (PM) emissions, allow for reuse and sale of fly ash, demonstrate a reliable mercury continuous emission monitor (CEM) suitable for use in the power plant environment, and demonstrate a process to recover mercury captured in the sorbent. To achieve these goals, WE Energies (the Participant) will design, install, and operate a TOXECON{trademark} (TOXECON) system designed to clean the combined flue gases of units 7, 8, and 9 at the Presque Isle Power Plant. TOXECON is a patented process in which a fabric filter system (baghouse) installed down stream of an existing particle Control Device is used in conjunction with sorbent injection for removal of pollutants from combustion flue gas. For this project, the flue gas emissions will be Controlled from the three units using a single baghouse. Mercury will be Controlled by injection of activated carbon or other novel sorbents, while NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} will be Controlled by injection of sodium based or other novel sorbents. Addition of the TOXECON baghouse will provide enhanced Particulate Control. Sorbents will be injected downstream of the existing particle collection Device to allow for continued sale and reuse of captured fly ash from the existing Particulate Control Device, uncontaminated by activated carbon or sodium sorbents. Methods for sorbent regeneration, i.e. mercury recovery from the sorbent, will be explored and evaluated. For mercury concentration monitoring in the flue gas streams, components available for use will be evaluated and the best available will be integrated into a mercury CEM suitable for use in the power plant environment. This project will provide for the use of a novel multi-pollutant Control system to reduce emissions of mercury and other air pollutants, while minimizing waste, from a coal-fired power generation system
Carl E Landham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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power systems development facility high temperature high pressure filter system operations in a combustion gas
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-transactions of The Asme, 2000Co-Authors: Patrick T Scarborough, Howard L Hendrix, Matthew D Davidson, Xiaofeng Guan, Robert S Dahlin, Carl E LandhamAbstract:The Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) is a Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored engineering scale demonstration of two advanced coal-fired power systems. Particulate cleanup is achieved by several High Temperature, High Pressure (HTHP) gas filtration systems. The PSDF was designed at sufficient scale so that advanced power systems and components could be tested in an integrated fashion to provide confidence and data for commercial scale-up. This paper provides an operations summary of a Siemens-Westinghouse Particulate Control Device (PCD) filtering combustion gas from a Kellogg, Brown, and Root (KBR) transport reactor located at the PSDF. The transport reactor is an advanced circulating fluidized bed reactor designed to operate as either a combustor or a gasifier, Particulate cleanup is achieved by using one of two PCDs, located downstream of the transport reactor. As of the end of 1998, the transport reactor has operated on coal as a combustor for over 3500 h. To date, filter elements from 3M, Blasch, Coors, Allied Signal (DuPont), IF&P, McDermott, Pall, Schumacher, and Specific Surface have been tested up to 1400 °F in the Siemens-Westinghouse PCD. The PSDF has a unique capability for the collection of samples of suspended dust entering and exiting the PCD with Southern Research Institute's (SRI) in-situ Particulate sampling systems. These systems have operated successfully and have proven to be invaluable assets, Isokinetic samples using a batch sampler, a cascade impactor and a cyclone manifold have provided valuable data to support the operation of the transport reactor and the PCD. Southern Research Institute has also supported the PSDF by conducting filter element material testing.
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power systems development facility high temperature high pressure filter system operations in a combustion gas
Volume 2: Coal Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations, 1999Co-Authors: Patrick T Scarborough, Howard L Hendrix, Matthew D Davidson, Xiaofeng Guan, Robert S Dahlin, Carl E LandhamAbstract:The Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) is a Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored engineering scale demonstration of two advanced coal-fired power systems. Particulate cleanup is achieved by several High Temperature, High Pressure (HTHP) gas filtration systems. The PSDF was designed at sufficient scale so that advanced power systems and components could be tested in an integrated fashion to provide confidence and data for commercial scale-up. This paper provides an operations summary of a Siemens-Westinghouse Particulate Control Device (PCD) filtering combustion gas from a Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR) transport reactor located at the PSDF.The transport reactor is an advanced circulating fluidized bed reactor designed to operate as either a combustor or a gasifier. Particulate cleanup is achieved by using one of two PCDs, located downstream of the transport reactor. As of the end of 1998, the transport reactor has operated on coal as a combustor for over 3500 hours. To date, filter elements from 3M, Blasch, Coors, Allied Signal (DuPont), IF&P, McDermott, Pall, Schumacher and Specific Surface have been tested up to 1400°F in the Siemens-Westinghouse PCD.The PSDF has a unique capability for the collection of samples of suspended dust entering and exiting the PCD with Southern Research Institute’s (SRI) in-situ Particulate sampling systems. These systems have operated successfully and have proven to be invaluable assets. Isokinetic samples using a batch sampler, a cascade impactor and a cyclone manifold have provided valuable data to support the operation of the transport reactor and the PCD. Southern Research Institute has also supported the PSDF by conducting filter element material testing.Copyright © 1999 by ASME
Flemming Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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review of technologies for mercury removal from flue gas from cement production processes
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2012Co-Authors: Yuanjing Zheng, Anker Degn Jensen, Christian Windelin, Flemming JensenAbstract:Abstract Mercury is a pollutant of concern and mercury emissions from cement plants are under environmental regulation. After coal-fired power plants, mercury emissions from cement and mineral production are the second largest anthropogenic sources. Compared to fuels, cement raw materials are the major sources of mercury in the cement kiln flue gas. Cement plants are quite different from power plants and waste incinerators regarding the flue gas composition, temperature, residence time, and material circulation. Cement kiln systems have some inherent ability to retain mercury in the solid materials due to the adsorption of mercury on the solids in the cold zone. However, recirculation of the kiln dust to the kiln will cause release of the captured mercury. The mercury chemistry in cement kiln systems is complicated and knowledge obtained from power plants and incinerators cannot be directly applied in cement kilns. Among the mercury Control technologies, sorbent injection upstream of a Particulate Control Device has shown the most promise. Due to material recirculation, and high moisture level in the cement kiln flue gas the application of sorbent injection to cement plants will be more challenging. The sorbent injection system should be installed downstream of the main kiln filter and upstream of a new added polishing fabric filter to avoid the cement kiln dust recycling and disposal issues. To reduce the sorbent cost and possible disposal expense, non-carbon based sorbents that could be added to cement or regenerated in-situ are desired and should be developed. Various mathematical models have been developed to simulate mercury removal in fixed-bed reactors and by sorbent injection upstream of a fabric filter. The fabric filter adsorption models use the adsorption isotherms coupled with diffusion in the sorbent particle and the parameters are obtained by fitting the model to experimental data. Verification of the models by full-scale or pilot-scale data is very limited.