The Experts below are selected from a list of 18 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Valery Grinevich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diversity of oxytocin neurones beyond magno and ParvoCellular Cell types
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2018Co-Authors: Ferdinand Althammer, Valery GrinevichAbstract:: The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), which is evolutionarily conserved among different species throughout the animal kingdom, is a key modulator of a variety of socio-emotional behaviors such as fear, trust and empathy. OT Cells in the mammalian hypothalamus have been traditionally divided into two distinct types - magnoCellular (magnOT) and ParvoCellular (parvOT) or preautonomic neurons. This distinction is based on OT Cell sizes and shapes, projections, electrophysiological activity and functions. Indeed, while neuroendocrine magnOT neurons are known to primarily project their axons to the posterior pituitary and to a number of forebrain regions, non-neuroendocrine parvOT neurons have been seen as the main source of OT innervation of the brainstem and spinal cord to control autonomic functions and pain perception. However, very recent findings demonstrated distinct genetic profiles in OT neurons, allowing discrimination of at least four types of Cells expressing OT. Furthermore, unexpected axonal projections of parvOT neurons to the forebrain and magnOT neurons to the midbrain have been newly reported. In this review, we focus on the detailed analysis of methods of distinction between OT Cell types, in- and output sites, morphology as well as on the direct connectivity between OT neurons and its physiological significance. At the end, we propose a hypothesis that the central OT system is composed of more than just two OT Cell types, which should be further verified by the application of available genetic and anatomical techniques. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Luiz Carlos L Silveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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scaling the primate lateral geniculate nucleus niche and neurodevelopment in the regulation of magnoCellular and ParvoCellular Cell number and nucleus volume
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Barbara L Finlay, Christine J Charvet, Isle Bastille, Desmond T Cheung, Jose Augusto P C Muniz, Luiz Carlos L SilveiraAbstract:New stereological assessments of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neuron numbers and volumes in five New World primates (Cebus apella, Saguinus midas niger, Alouatta caraya, Aotus azarae, and Callicebus moloch) and compiled LGN volumes for an additional 26 mammals were analyzed for a better understanding of visual system evolution. Both the magnoCellular (M)- and the ParvoCellular (P)-Cell populations scale allometrically with brain volume in primates, P Cells with a significantly higher slope such that, for every increase in M neuron number, P neuron numbers more than double (ln scale; y = 0.89x + 2.42R2 = 0.664). In diurnal primates, the ratio of P to M Cells was slightly but significantly higher than in nocturnal primates. For all mammals, including primates, LGN volume was unrelated to nocturnal or diurnal niche but showed marked differences in slope and intercept depending on taxonomic group. The allometric scaling of M and P Cells can be related to the order of neurogenesis, with late-generated P Cells increasing with positive allometry compared with the earlier-generated M Cells. This developmental regularity links relative foveal representation to relative isocortex enlargement, which is also generated late. The small increase in the P/M Cell ratio in diurnal primates may result from increased developmental neuron loss in the M-Cell population as it competes for limited termination zones in primary visual cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1839–1857, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferdinand Althammer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diversity of oxytocin neurones beyond magno and ParvoCellular Cell types
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2018Co-Authors: Ferdinand Althammer, Valery GrinevichAbstract:: The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), which is evolutionarily conserved among different species throughout the animal kingdom, is a key modulator of a variety of socio-emotional behaviors such as fear, trust and empathy. OT Cells in the mammalian hypothalamus have been traditionally divided into two distinct types - magnoCellular (magnOT) and ParvoCellular (parvOT) or preautonomic neurons. This distinction is based on OT Cell sizes and shapes, projections, electrophysiological activity and functions. Indeed, while neuroendocrine magnOT neurons are known to primarily project their axons to the posterior pituitary and to a number of forebrain regions, non-neuroendocrine parvOT neurons have been seen as the main source of OT innervation of the brainstem and spinal cord to control autonomic functions and pain perception. However, very recent findings demonstrated distinct genetic profiles in OT neurons, allowing discrimination of at least four types of Cells expressing OT. Furthermore, unexpected axonal projections of parvOT neurons to the forebrain and magnOT neurons to the midbrain have been newly reported. In this review, we focus on the detailed analysis of methods of distinction between OT Cell types, in- and output sites, morphology as well as on the direct connectivity between OT neurons and its physiological significance. At the end, we propose a hypothesis that the central OT system is composed of more than just two OT Cell types, which should be further verified by the application of available genetic and anatomical techniques. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Barbara L Finlay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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scaling the primate lateral geniculate nucleus niche and neurodevelopment in the regulation of magnoCellular and ParvoCellular Cell number and nucleus volume
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Barbara L Finlay, Christine J Charvet, Isle Bastille, Desmond T Cheung, Jose Augusto P C Muniz, Luiz Carlos L SilveiraAbstract:New stereological assessments of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neuron numbers and volumes in five New World primates (Cebus apella, Saguinus midas niger, Alouatta caraya, Aotus azarae, and Callicebus moloch) and compiled LGN volumes for an additional 26 mammals were analyzed for a better understanding of visual system evolution. Both the magnoCellular (M)- and the ParvoCellular (P)-Cell populations scale allometrically with brain volume in primates, P Cells with a significantly higher slope such that, for every increase in M neuron number, P neuron numbers more than double (ln scale; y = 0.89x + 2.42R2 = 0.664). In diurnal primates, the ratio of P to M Cells was slightly but significantly higher than in nocturnal primates. For all mammals, including primates, LGN volume was unrelated to nocturnal or diurnal niche but showed marked differences in slope and intercept depending on taxonomic group. The allometric scaling of M and P Cells can be related to the order of neurogenesis, with late-generated P Cells increasing with positive allometry compared with the earlier-generated M Cells. This developmental regularity links relative foveal representation to relative isocortex enlargement, which is also generated late. The small increase in the P/M Cell ratio in diurnal primates may result from increased developmental neuron loss in the M-Cell population as it competes for limited termination zones in primary visual cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1839–1857, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
R. Grossmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexual dimorphism of arg-vasotocin gene expressing neurons in the telencephalon and dorsal diencephalon of the domestic fowl. An immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization study
Cell and Tissue Research, 1996Co-Authors: A. Jurkevich, S. W. Barth, R. GrossmannAbstract:A strong sex dimorphism in the distribution of immunoreactive arginine-vasotocin (AVT) and AVT mRNA was observed in telencephalic and dorsal diencephalic areas of the domestic fowl using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Two subgroups of immunoreactive ParvoCellular perikarya surrounded by dense plexus of immunoreactive fibres were found within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the dorsal part of the diencephalic paraventricular region of males. No signs of immunoreactivity were observed within corresponding regions of the female brain. Instead, in females a few scattered weakly stained perikarya were observed rostrally to the level of the anterior commissure, juxtapositioned to the nucleus accumbens and the floor of the lateral ventricle. The distribution of AVT mRNA containing Cell profiles fully confirmed the immunocytochemical findings. Osmotic stress induced by water deprivation for 48 h had no influence on the number of immunoreactive or AVT mRNA containing ParvoCellular Cell bodies. However, it resulted in an increase of immunoreactive Cell area in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and dorsal diencephalon of 5.9 and 11.7%, respectively. We suggest that the sexually dimorphic vasotocinergic circuit may be involved in the co-ordination of behavioural and autonomic functions in response to environmental stress.