The Experts below are selected from a list of 27 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Noboru Goto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of the human Parvocellular Red Nucleus
Developmental Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Noboru GotoAbstract:Morphology of the human Parvocellular Red Nucleus (RNp) was investigated in 14 fetuses aged from 12 to 39 weeks of gestation (WG). The brains were processed into celloidin-embedded serial sections. At 12 WG, the anlage of RNp was observed as an ovoid mass of immature neurons clustering into some groups. Lobular appearance in cross-sectional images was conspicuous during the early stages (12–23 WG), particularly at rostral levels. The fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert was seen as a prominent bundle of fibers surrounded by the most rostral part of RNp. Two types of neurons were identified: large and small neurons. Large neurons were earlier observed at 16 WG, and had a polygonal or multipolar perikaryon with abundant Nissl bodies from 28 WG onwards. Small neurons later appeaRed among large neurons at 21 WG, and had a triangular or ovoid perikaryon with scanty Nissl bodies. The volume of RNp showed an exponential increase with age during 20–39 WG. The mean of neuronal perikaryonal areas showed a linear increase with age in both types during 16–39 WG, although the degree of change was much greater in large neurons than small neurons. The current study has clearly demonstrated the presence of two neuronal populations and their differential growth in developing human RNp.
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development of the human magnocellular Red Nucleus a morphological study
Brain & Development, 2006Co-Authors: Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Noboru GotoAbstract:Abstract The development of the human magnocellular Red Nucleus (RNm) was studied in 20 fetuses at 12–39 weeks of gestation (WG). With microscopic observation on serial sections of the brain, we measuRed the profile area of a neuronal cell body. At 12 WG, several islands of immature cells of the RNm appeaRed dorsal to the Parvocellular Red Nucleus (RNp). At 16 WG, the RNm was detected ventral to the RNp as a cluster of semilunar shape, consisting of basophilic neurons of various sizes. During 18–23 WG, the neurons were dispersed dorsal to the RNp. They were isolated or aggregated as small clusters among the myelinated oculomotor nerve roots. Twenty-eight WG onwards, the neurons were widely distributed ventrolateral to the superior cerebellar peduncle and around the caudal pole of the RNp. Measurement of the profile area revealed that the average size of overall neurons increased almost linearly with the gestational age, and that two populations (large and small neurons) were clearly distinguished on the histogram from 33 WG onwards. The relative position of the RNm to the RNp may vary among the individuals, especially in earlier fetal stage. This study suggests that the differentiation and maturation of neuronal cytoarchitecture of the RNm may gradually and monotonously progress during the later half of gestation.
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of the human Parvocellular Red Nucleus
Developmental Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Noboru GotoAbstract:Morphology of the human Parvocellular Red Nucleus (RNp) was investigated in 14 fetuses aged from 12 to 39 weeks of gestation (WG). The brains were processed into celloidin-embedded serial sections. At 12 WG, the anlage of RNp was observed as an ovoid mass of immature neurons clustering into some groups. Lobular appearance in cross-sectional images was conspicuous during the early stages (12–23 WG), particularly at rostral levels. The fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert was seen as a prominent bundle of fibers surrounded by the most rostral part of RNp. Two types of neurons were identified: large and small neurons. Large neurons were earlier observed at 16 WG, and had a polygonal or multipolar perikaryon with abundant Nissl bodies from 28 WG onwards. Small neurons later appeaRed among large neurons at 21 WG, and had a triangular or ovoid perikaryon with scanty Nissl bodies. The volume of RNp showed an exponential increase with age during 20–39 WG. The mean of neuronal perikaryonal areas showed a linear increase with age in both types during 16–39 WG, although the degree of change was much greater in large neurons than small neurons. The current study has clearly demonstrated the presence of two neuronal populations and their differential growth in developing human RNp.
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development of the human magnocellular Red Nucleus a morphological study
Brain & Development, 2006Co-Authors: Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Noboru GotoAbstract:Abstract The development of the human magnocellular Red Nucleus (RNm) was studied in 20 fetuses at 12–39 weeks of gestation (WG). With microscopic observation on serial sections of the brain, we measuRed the profile area of a neuronal cell body. At 12 WG, several islands of immature cells of the RNm appeaRed dorsal to the Parvocellular Red Nucleus (RNp). At 16 WG, the RNm was detected ventral to the RNp as a cluster of semilunar shape, consisting of basophilic neurons of various sizes. During 18–23 WG, the neurons were dispersed dorsal to the RNp. They were isolated or aggregated as small clusters among the myelinated oculomotor nerve roots. Twenty-eight WG onwards, the neurons were widely distributed ventrolateral to the superior cerebellar peduncle and around the caudal pole of the RNp. Measurement of the profile area revealed that the average size of overall neurons increased almost linearly with the gestational age, and that two populations (large and small neurons) were clearly distinguished on the histogram from 33 WG onwards. The relative position of the RNm to the RNp may vary among the individuals, especially in earlier fetal stage. This study suggests that the differentiation and maturation of neuronal cytoarchitecture of the RNm may gradually and monotonously progress during the later half of gestation.
Soichi Nagao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pontine nuclei mediated cerebello cerebral interactions and its functional role
The Cerebellum, 2004Co-Authors: Soichi NagaoAbstract:The pontine nuclei relay information derived from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. In addition to the motor command signals generated in the motor cortex, the cerebellum may generate motor command signals independent of the cerebral cortex using pontine nuclei-mediated signals. The cerebellar motor command signals generated in the vermis-medial cerebellar nuclear system may directly drive peripheral motoneurons in simple and autonomic movements. Those generated in the hemispherelateral cerebellar nuclear system, which are used in complicated movements, may not only drive the premotor or motor nuclei but may also be fed back to the cerebellum through the Parvocellular Red Nucleus-inferior olive pathway, and may be compaRed with the motor command signals generated in the cerebral cortex. The long-term depression of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses may be utilized in optimizing these cerebellar motor command signals. Voluntary movements may be executed through cooperation of the cerebellum- and cerebrum-generated motor command signals.
Eduardo Puelles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Red Nucleus and rubrospinal tract disorganization in the absence of Pou4f1.
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2015Co-Authors: Jesús E. Martínez-lópez, Juan Antonio Moreno-bravo, M. Pilar Madrigal, Salvador Martinez, Eduardo PuellesAbstract:The Red Nucleus is a neuronal population that plays an important role in forelimb motor control and locomotion. Histologically it is subdivided into two subpopulations, the Parvocellular Red Nucleus located in the diencephalon and the magnocellular Red Nucleus in the mesencephalon. The Red Nucleus integrates signals from motor cortex and cerebellum and projects to spinal cord interneurons and motor neurons through the rubrospinal tract. Pou4f1 is a transcription factor highly expressed in this Nucleus that has been related to its specification. Here we profoundly analyzed consequences of Pou4f1 loss-of-function in development, maturation and axonal projection of the Red Nucleus. Surprisingly, Red Nucleus neurons are specified and maintained in the mutant, no cell death was detected. Nevertheless, the Nucleus appeaRed disorganized with a strong delay in radial migration and with a wider neuronal distribution; the neurons did not form a compacted population as they do in controls, Robo1 and Slit2 were miss-expressed. Cplx1 and Npas1, expressed in the Red Nucleus, are transcription factors involved in neurotransmitter release, neuronal maturation and motor function processes among others. In our mutant mice, both transcription factors are lost, suggesting an abnormal maturation of the Red Nucleus. The resulting alteRed Nucleus occupied a wider territory. Finally, we examined rubrospinal tract development and found that the Red Nucleus neurons were able to project to the spinal cord but their axons appeaRed defasciculated. These data suggest that Pou4f1 is necessary for the maturation of Red Nucleus neurons but not for their specification and maintenance.
Jesús E. Martínez-lópez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Red Nucleus and rubrospinal tract disorganization in the absence of Pou4f1.
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2015Co-Authors: Jesús E. Martínez-lópez, Juan Antonio Moreno-bravo, M. Pilar Madrigal, Salvador Martinez, Eduardo PuellesAbstract:The Red Nucleus is a neuronal population that plays an important role in forelimb motor control and locomotion. Histologically it is subdivided into two subpopulations, the Parvocellular Red Nucleus located in the diencephalon and the magnocellular Red Nucleus in the mesencephalon. The Red Nucleus integrates signals from motor cortex and cerebellum and projects to spinal cord interneurons and motor neurons through the rubrospinal tract. Pou4f1 is a transcription factor highly expressed in this Nucleus that has been related to its specification. Here we profoundly analyzed consequences of Pou4f1 loss-of-function in development, maturation and axonal projection of the Red Nucleus. Surprisingly, Red Nucleus neurons are specified and maintained in the mutant, no cell death was detected. Nevertheless, the Nucleus appeaRed disorganized with a strong delay in radial migration and with a wider neuronal distribution; the neurons did not form a compacted population as they do in controls, Robo1 and Slit2 were miss-expressed. Cplx1 and Npas1, expressed in the Red Nucleus, are transcription factors involved in neurotransmitter release, neuronal maturation and motor function processes among others. In our mutant mice, both transcription factors are lost, suggesting an abnormal maturation of the Red Nucleus. The resulting alteRed Nucleus occupied a wider territory. Finally, we examined rubrospinal tract development and found that the Red Nucleus neurons were able to project to the spinal cord but their axons appeaRed defasciculated. These data suggest that Pou4f1 is necessary for the maturation of Red Nucleus neurons but not for their specification and maintenance.