Past Participle

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Najemi Silvia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin Students’ Mastery in Pronouncing the Final Sound /-ed/ of Past Tense and Past Participle (A Case Study of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin in Kandangan)
    2015
    Co-Authors: Najemi Silvia
    Abstract:

    The reseach describes the ability of students on pronouncing the final sound /-ed/ of Past tense and Past Participle. The statements of the problems in this research are : how is the fourth semester students’ mastery in pronouncing the final sound /-ed/ of Past Tense and Past Participle at English Language Education of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin and which is the most difficult /-ed/ sound is/are found by STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin students academic year 2013/2014. The subject of the research are 30 students at English Language Education of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin. The object of the research are the mastery of student on pronouncing the final sound /-ed/ of Past tense and Past Participle which -/ed/ sound is/are found most difficult to pronounce at English Language Education of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin. To collect the data, the writer applied technique oral test, observation, interview, and documentary. In processing the data, writer applied editing, coding, scoring, tabulating and data interpretation. To analyze the data, the writer uses descriptive quantitative analysis. The result of the research shows that the Fourth Semester Students’ Mastery in Pronouncing the Final Sound /-ed/ of Past Tense and Past Participle at English Language Education of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin academic year 2013/2014 is averagely in very poor category. The most difficult word which were pronounced by the students are /d/ and /t/ sound. However, students do not have difficulty in pronouncing /ɪd/ of the final –ed. Nevertheless, most students replace the final –ed sound with /ɪt/ sound.

  • stkip pgri banjarmasin students mastery in pronouncing the final sound ed of Past tense and Past Participle a case study of stkip pgri banjarmasin in kandangan
    2015
    Co-Authors: Najemi Silvia
    Abstract:

    The reseach describes the ability of students on pronouncing the final sound /-ed/ of Past tense and Past Participle. The statements of the problems in this research are : how is the fourth semester students’ mastery in pronouncing the final sound /-ed/ of Past Tense and Past Participle at English Language Education of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin and which is the most difficult /-ed/ sound is/are found by STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin students academic year 2013/2014. The subject of the research are 30 students at English Language Education of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin. The object of the research are the mastery of student on pronouncing the final sound /-ed/ of Past tense and Past Participle which -/ed/ sound is/are found most difficult to pronounce at English Language Education of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin. To collect the data, the writer applied technique oral test, observation, interview, and documentary. In processing the data, writer applied editing, coding, scoring, tabulating and data interpretation. To analyze the data, the writer uses descriptive quantitative analysis. The result of the research shows that the Fourth Semester Students’ Mastery in Pronouncing the Final Sound /-ed/ of Past Tense and Past Participle at English Language Education of STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin academic year 2013/2014 is averagely in very poor category. The most difficult word which were pronounced by the students are /d/ and /t/ sound. However, students do not have difficulty in pronouncing /ɪd/ of the final –ed. Nevertheless, most students replace the final –ed sound with /ɪt/ sound.

Catherine E. Harre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Tener + Past Participle: A Case Study in Linguistic Description
    1991
    Co-Authors: Catherine E. Harre
    Abstract:

    The so-called periphrastic constructions found in Spanish, and the problems which they pose for linguistic description and classification, provide a useful vehicle for exploring the possibilities for combining synchrony and diachrony. This book centres on an examination of one such construction: tener + Past Participle. A detailed study of this often neglected construction is justified in its own right, but in addition, because it is of uncertain grammatical status, it encapsulates many of the problems encountered by the synchronic linguist. The work focuses on a study of tener + Past Participle as used in the modern language, and a historical survey of its evolution. The interplay between the two is set against the background of various existing theories concerning auxiliary and periphrastic verbs, providing detailed data against which such theories can be tested. It also places the development of tener + Past Participle within the wider context of similar developments in other Romance languages. This book should be of interest to advanced students and teachers of linguistics, particularly Romance linguistics.

  • tener Past Participle a case study in linguistic description
    1991
    Co-Authors: Catherine E. Harre
    Abstract:

    The so-called periphrastic constructions found in Spanish, and the problems which they pose for linguistic description and classification, provide a useful vehicle for exploring the possibilities for combining synchrony and diachrony. This book centres on an examination of one such construction: tener + Past Participle. A detailed study of this often neglected construction is justified in its own right, but in addition, because it is of uncertain grammatical status, it encapsulates many of the problems encountered by the synchronic linguist. The work focuses on a study of tener + Past Participle as used in the modern language, and a historical survey of its evolution. The interplay between the two is set against the background of various existing theories concerning auxiliary and periphrastic verbs, providing detailed data against which such theories can be tested. It also places the development of tener + Past Participle within the wider context of similar developments in other Romance languages. This book should be of interest to advanced students and teachers of linguistics, particularly Romance linguistics.

Cristina Brivio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • regularity and or consistency in the production of the Past Participle
    Brain and Language, 2004
    Co-Authors: Lucia Colombo, Alessandro Laudanna, Maria De Martino, Cristina Brivio
    Abstract:

    In the present study we have investigated the acquisition of the Past Participle of Italian verbs of the second (including mostly irregular verbs) and third (including mostly regular verbs) conjugations in school age children, and with simulations with an artificial neural network. We aimed to verify the extent to which children are sensitive to regularity, as opposed to the consistency in the mapping from the infinitive to the Past Participle. In particular, we predicted that children would learn at some point that verbs of the second conjugation tend to be irregular, and therefore they would be more likely to produce irregularizations for verbs of this class, compared to the verbs of the third conjugation. However, they should also show sensitivity to the phonological mapping consistency within each subclass, learning to produce correct forms on the basis of phonological similarity. In contrast, children should be more likely to produce regular forms for verbs of the third conjugation. Thus, a larger regularity effect would be expected for verbs of the third than of the second conjugation, leading to the prediction of a regularity by conjugation interaction.

  • Regularity and/or consistency in the production of the Past Participle?
    Brain and Language, 2004
    Co-Authors: Lucia Colombo, Alessandro Laudanna, Maria De Martino, Cristina Brivio
    Abstract:

    In the present study we have investigated the acquisition of the Past Participle of Italian verbs of the second (including mostly irregular verbs) and third (including mostly regular verbs) conjugations in school age children, and with simulations with an artificial neural network. We aimed to verify the extent to which children are sensitive to regularity, as opposed to the consistency in the mapping from the infinitive to the Past Participle. In particular, we predicted that children would learn at some point that verbs of the second conjugation tend to be irregular, and therefore they would be more likely to produce irregularizations for verbs of this class, compared to the verbs of the third conjugation. However, they should also show sensitivity to the phonological mapping consistency within each subclass, learning to produce correct forms on the basis of phonological similarity. In contrast, children should be more likely to produce regular forms for verbs of the third conjugation. Thus, a larger regularity effect would be expected for verbs of the third than of the second conjugation, leading to the prediction of a regularity by conjugation interaction.

Ian Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Past Participle agreement in Abruzzese: split auxiliary selection and the null-subject parameter
    Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 2010
    Co-Authors: Roberta D’alessandro, Ian Roberts
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we present an analysis of the “person-driven” auxiliary-selection system of one variety of the Upper Southern Italo-Romance dialect Abruzzese, along with an account of the pattern of Past Participle agreement in this variety, which differs somewhat from what is found in more familiar Romance languages. Our account relies on the technical mechanisms of agreement as outlined in Chomsky ( 1995 , 2001 ), in particular a variant of Chomsky’s ( 2008 ) proposal regarding feature inheritance by non-phase heads of features belonging to phase heads, combined with Gallego’s ( 2006 ) notion of phase-sliding. We also utilise some aspects of Müller’s ( 2004 ) analysis of ergativity, and propose an account of a typological generalisation regarding the absence of person-driven auxiliary selection first put forward in Kayne ( 2000 :127) in the Germanic languages. To the extent that the analyses proposed successfully apply the mechanisms put forward in the recent versions of the minimalist program, the postulation of these mechanisms is supported by our analysis with evidence from a new empirical domain. We also offer some general speculations regarding auxiliary selection in general.

  • The logic of Romance Past Participle agreement
    2010
    Co-Authors: Michele Loporcaro, Roberta D'alessandro, Adam Ledgeway, Ian Roberts
    Abstract:

    Following a line of research inaugurated by Perlmutter (1978, 1989) – and further pursued by Rosen (1981[1988], 1990, 1997), La Fauci (1988, 1989) – Loporcaro (1998) provides an account of Romance Past Participle (PtP) agreement in perfective periphrastics in which Italo-Romance dialects play a crucial role. Inspection of dialect variation revealed a systematic pattern of parametric choices: it turned out that all Romance varieties described so far in sufficient detail can be ranged on a scale, whose steps are implicationally related. The kind of implications observed is exemplified in (1):

  • Movement and Agreement in Italian Past Participles and Defective Phases
    Linguistic Inquiry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Roberta D'alessandro, Ian Roberts
    Abstract:

    In this article, we propose a phase-based alternative to Kayne’s (1989) analysis of Past Participle agreement in Italian. This analysis captures the principal facts without making reference to specifier-head agreement. Instead, the possibility of overt Past Participle agreement is determined by the Phase Impenetrability Condition and is linked to the surface position of the Past Participle. The analysis has interesting crosslinguistic implications, notably in that it predicts a general asymmetry between subject and object agreement.

Sean M. Redmond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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