The Experts below are selected from a list of 204 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Lars T Westlye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • maturation of cortical microstructure and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence a t1w t2w ratio mri study
    Human Brain Mapping, 2020
    Co-Authors: Linn B Norbom, Jaroslav Rokicki, Dag Alnaes, Tobias Kaufmann, Nhat Trung Doan, Ole A Andreassen, Lars T Westlye
    Abstract:

    The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established morphometric cortical assessments, the T1w/T2w ratio quantifies partly separate biological processes, and might inform models of typical neurocognitive development and developmental psychopathology. In the present study, we computed vertex-wise T1w/T2w ratio across the cortical surface in 621 youths (3-21 years) sampled from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study and tested for associations with individual differences in age, sex, and both general and specific cognitive abilities. The results showed a near global linear age-related increase in T1w/T2w ratio across the brain surface, with a general posterior to anterior increasing gradient in association strength. Moreover, results indicated that boys in late adolescence had regionally higher T1w/T2w ratio as compared to girls. Across individuals, T1w/T2w ratio was negatively associated with general and several specific cognitive abilities mainly within anterior cortical regions. Our study indicates age-related differences in T1w/T2w ratio throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, in line with the known protracted myelination of the cortex. Moreover, the study supports T1w/T2w ratio as a promising surrogate measure of individual differences in intracortical brain structure in neurodevelopment.

  • maturation of cortical microstructure and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence a t1w t2w ratio mri study
    bioRxiv, 2019
    Co-Authors: Linn B Norbom, Jaroslav Rokicki, Dag Alnaes, Tobias Kaufmann, Nhat Trung Doan, Ole A Andreassen, Lars T Westlye, Christian K Tamnes
    Abstract:

    The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established morphometric cortical assessments, the T1w/T2w ratio quantifies partly separate biological processes, and might inform models of typical neurocognitive development and developmental psychopathology. In the present study, we computed vertex-wise T1w/T2w ratio across the cortical surface in 621 youths (3-21 years) sampled from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study and tested for associations with individual differences in age, sex, and both general and specific cognitive abilities. The results showed a near global linear age-related increase in T1w/T2w ratio across the brain surface, with a general posterior to anterior gradient in association strength. Moreover, results indicated that boys in late adolescence had regionally higher T1w/T2w ratio as compared to girls. Across individuals, T1w/T2w ratio was negatively associated with general- , and several specific cognitive abilities mainly within anterior cortical regions. Our study indicates age-related differences in T1w/T2w ratio throughout childhood, adolescence and young adulthood, in line with the known protracted myelination of the cortex. Moreover, the study supports the relevance of the T1w/T2w ratio as a neuroImaging marker for cognitive development.

Linn B Norbom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • maturation of cortical microstructure and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence a t1w t2w ratio mri study
    Human Brain Mapping, 2020
    Co-Authors: Linn B Norbom, Jaroslav Rokicki, Dag Alnaes, Tobias Kaufmann, Nhat Trung Doan, Ole A Andreassen, Lars T Westlye
    Abstract:

    The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established morphometric cortical assessments, the T1w/T2w ratio quantifies partly separate biological processes, and might inform models of typical neurocognitive development and developmental psychopathology. In the present study, we computed vertex-wise T1w/T2w ratio across the cortical surface in 621 youths (3-21 years) sampled from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study and tested for associations with individual differences in age, sex, and both general and specific cognitive abilities. The results showed a near global linear age-related increase in T1w/T2w ratio across the brain surface, with a general posterior to anterior increasing gradient in association strength. Moreover, results indicated that boys in late adolescence had regionally higher T1w/T2w ratio as compared to girls. Across individuals, T1w/T2w ratio was negatively associated with general and several specific cognitive abilities mainly within anterior cortical regions. Our study indicates age-related differences in T1w/T2w ratio throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, in line with the known protracted myelination of the cortex. Moreover, the study supports T1w/T2w ratio as a promising surrogate measure of individual differences in intracortical brain structure in neurodevelopment.

  • maturation of cortical microstructure and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence a t1w t2w ratio mri study
    bioRxiv, 2019
    Co-Authors: Linn B Norbom, Jaroslav Rokicki, Dag Alnaes, Tobias Kaufmann, Nhat Trung Doan, Ole A Andreassen, Lars T Westlye, Christian K Tamnes
    Abstract:

    The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established morphometric cortical assessments, the T1w/T2w ratio quantifies partly separate biological processes, and might inform models of typical neurocognitive development and developmental psychopathology. In the present study, we computed vertex-wise T1w/T2w ratio across the cortical surface in 621 youths (3-21 years) sampled from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study and tested for associations with individual differences in age, sex, and both general and specific cognitive abilities. The results showed a near global linear age-related increase in T1w/T2w ratio across the brain surface, with a general posterior to anterior gradient in association strength. Moreover, results indicated that boys in late adolescence had regionally higher T1w/T2w ratio as compared to girls. Across individuals, T1w/T2w ratio was negatively associated with general- , and several specific cognitive abilities mainly within anterior cortical regions. Our study indicates age-related differences in T1w/T2w ratio throughout childhood, adolescence and young adulthood, in line with the known protracted myelination of the cortex. Moreover, the study supports the relevance of the T1w/T2w ratio as a neuroImaging marker for cognitive development.

Thomas Ernst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • associations between body weight hippocampal volume and tissue signal intensity in 12 to 18 year olds
    Obesity, 2020
    Co-Authors: Zoe Mestre, Terry L Jernigan, Amanda Bischoffgrethe, Christina E Wierenga, Dawn M Eichen, Linda Chang, Thomas Ernst
    Abstract:

    Author(s): Mestre, Zoe; Bischoff-Grethe, Amanda; Wierenga, Christina E; Jernigan, Terry; Eichen, Dawn M; Chang, Linda; Ernst, Thomas; Boutelle, Kerri N | Abstract: OBJECTIVE:The hippocampus is a key structure in feeding behaviors and weight regulation. Obesity may lead to disruptions in hippocampal structure. In animals, obesity-related factors (e.g., high-fat/sugar foods) are associated with hippocampal insult (e.g., alterations in the blood brain barrier). In humans, individuals with obesity, relative to healthy weight, have smaller hippocampal volumes. Few studies have examined the association between body weight and the hippocampus during adolescence, a critical brain development period. This study examined hippocampal volume and tissue signal intensity in adolescents across the weight spectrum. METHODS:Structural magnetic resonance Imaging and anthropomorphic data were available for 102 12- to 18-year-old adolescents (53% female; 15.07 [SD 1.84] years; standardized BMI [BMIz] scores using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts: 0.54 [SD 1.17]) from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics database. Linear regression models controlling for age, sex, genetic ancestry, scanner, and household income examined the relationship between BMIz, hippocampal volume, and T2-weighted hippocampal signal intensity. RESULTS:BMIz was negatively associated with T2-weighted hippocampal signal intensity in the left (t = -3.05; P = 0.003; r = -0.21) and right (t = -2.50; P = 0.01; r = -0.36) hippocampi. BMIz was not significantly associated with hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS:BMIz is associated with hippocampal tissue characteristics during adolescence, which could impact later brain development.

Jaroslav Rokicki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • maturation of cortical microstructure and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence a t1w t2w ratio mri study
    Human Brain Mapping, 2020
    Co-Authors: Linn B Norbom, Jaroslav Rokicki, Dag Alnaes, Tobias Kaufmann, Nhat Trung Doan, Ole A Andreassen, Lars T Westlye
    Abstract:

    The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established morphometric cortical assessments, the T1w/T2w ratio quantifies partly separate biological processes, and might inform models of typical neurocognitive development and developmental psychopathology. In the present study, we computed vertex-wise T1w/T2w ratio across the cortical surface in 621 youths (3-21 years) sampled from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study and tested for associations with individual differences in age, sex, and both general and specific cognitive abilities. The results showed a near global linear age-related increase in T1w/T2w ratio across the brain surface, with a general posterior to anterior increasing gradient in association strength. Moreover, results indicated that boys in late adolescence had regionally higher T1w/T2w ratio as compared to girls. Across individuals, T1w/T2w ratio was negatively associated with general and several specific cognitive abilities mainly within anterior cortical regions. Our study indicates age-related differences in T1w/T2w ratio throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, in line with the known protracted myelination of the cortex. Moreover, the study supports T1w/T2w ratio as a promising surrogate measure of individual differences in intracortical brain structure in neurodevelopment.

  • maturation of cortical microstructure and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence a t1w t2w ratio mri study
    bioRxiv, 2019
    Co-Authors: Linn B Norbom, Jaroslav Rokicki, Dag Alnaes, Tobias Kaufmann, Nhat Trung Doan, Ole A Andreassen, Lars T Westlye, Christian K Tamnes
    Abstract:

    The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established morphometric cortical assessments, the T1w/T2w ratio quantifies partly separate biological processes, and might inform models of typical neurocognitive development and developmental psychopathology. In the present study, we computed vertex-wise T1w/T2w ratio across the cortical surface in 621 youths (3-21 years) sampled from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study and tested for associations with individual differences in age, sex, and both general and specific cognitive abilities. The results showed a near global linear age-related increase in T1w/T2w ratio across the brain surface, with a general posterior to anterior gradient in association strength. Moreover, results indicated that boys in late adolescence had regionally higher T1w/T2w ratio as compared to girls. Across individuals, T1w/T2w ratio was negatively associated with general- , and several specific cognitive abilities mainly within anterior cortical regions. Our study indicates age-related differences in T1w/T2w ratio throughout childhood, adolescence and young adulthood, in line with the known protracted myelination of the cortex. Moreover, the study supports the relevance of the T1w/T2w ratio as a neuroImaging marker for cognitive development.

Genetics Study - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cortical and subcortical t1 white gray contrast chronological age and cognitive performance
    bioRxiv, 2019
    Co-Authors: John D Lewis, Vladimir Fonov, Louis D Collins, Alan C Evans, Jussi Tohka, Genetics Study
    Abstract:

    Abstract The maturational schedule of typical brain development is tightly constrained; deviations from it are associated with cognitive atypicalities, and are potentially predictive of developmental disorders. Previously, we have shown that the white/gray contrast at the inner border of the cortex is a good predictor of chronological age, and is sensitive to aspects of brain development that reflect cognitive performance. Here we extend that work to include the contrast at the white/gray border of subcortical structures. We show that cortical and subcortical contrast together yield better age-predictions than any non-kernel-based method based on a single image-type, and that the residuals of the improved predictions provide new insight into unevenness in cognitive performance. We demonstrate the improvement in age predictions in two large datasets: the NIH Pediatric Data, with 831 scans of typically developing individuals between 4 and 22 years of age; and the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics data, with 909 scans of individuals in a similar age-range. Assessment of the relation of the residuals of these age predictions to verbal and performance IQ revealed correlations in opposing directions, and a principal component analysis of the residuals of the model that best fit the contrast data produced components related to either performance IQ or verbal IQ. Performance IQ was associated with the first principle component, reflecting increased cortical contrast, broadly, with almost no subcortical presence; verbal IQ was associated with the second principle component, reflecting reduced contrast in the basal ganglia and increased contrast in the bilateral arcuate fasciculi.

  • t1 white gray contrast as a predictor of chronological age and an index of cognitive performance
    NeuroImage, 2018
    Co-Authors: John D Lewis, Alan C Evans, Jussi Tohka, Genetics Study
    Abstract:

    Abstract Knowing the maturational schedule of typical brain development is critical to our ability to identify deviations from it; such deviations have been related to cognitive performance and even developmental disorders. Chronological age can be predicted from brain images with considerable accuracy, but with limited spatial specificity, particularly in the case of the cerebral cortex. Methods using multi-modal data have shown the greatest accuracy, but have made limited use of cortical measures. Methods using complex measures derived from voxels throughout the brain have also shown great accuracy, but are difficult to interpret in terms of cortical development. Measures based on cortical surfaces have yielded less accurate predictions, suggesting that perhaps cortical maturation is less strongly related to chronological age than is maturation of deep white matter or subcortical structures. We question this suggestion. We show that a simple metric based on the white/gray contrast at the inner border of the cortex is a good predictor of chronological age. We demonstrate this in two large datasets: the NIH Pediatric Data, with 832 scans of typically developing children, adolescents, and young adults; and the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics data, with 760 scans of individuals in a similar age-range. Further, our usage of an elastic net penalized linear regression model reveals the brain regions which contribute most to age-prediction. Moreover, we show that the residuals of age-prediction based on this white/gray contrast metric are not merely random errors, but are strongly related to IQ, suggesting that this metric is sensitive to aspects of brain development that reflect cognitive performance.