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Stefan Wanke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peruvian Window-Leaved Peperomia Taxa Display Unique Crystal Macropatterns in High-Altitude Environments
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Harry T Horner, Stefan Wanke, Birgit Oelschlägel, Marie-stéphanie SamainAbstract:Premise of research. Window-leaved Peperomia taxa (WPs) occur in the Peruvian Andes from near sea level to high altitudes and display curled leaves that are generally exposed to high irradiance and periodic drought, far different from the typically uncurled humid-forest, often-shaded Peperomia taxa. Even though representatives of the latter taxa, as well as other members of the Piperales, have been observed for the presence (type) and location (macropattern) of leaf crystals in previous studies, this special group of WP taxa has missed scrutiny. It was important to determine whether the WP taxa contained the same types of crystals in the same tissue locations and, if not, what any differences could be that are related to their anatomy, environment, and physiology.Methodology. Living leaves of 35 available accessions from the 42 currently recognized taxa of WPs were chemically fixed, some cleared and/or vibratome sectioned or fractured to observe the internal leaf tissues for the presence of crystals compo...
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evolution of epiphytism and fruit traits act unevenly on the diversification of the species rich genus Peperomia piperaceae
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Lena Frenzke, Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan WankeAbstract:The species-rich genus Peperomia (Black Pepper relatives) is the only genus among early diverging angiosperms where epiphytism evolved. The majority of fruits of Peperomia release sticky secretions or exhibit hook-shaped appendages indicative of epizoochorous dispersal, which is in contrast to other flowering plants, where epiphytes are generally characterized by fruit morphological adaptations for anemochory or endozoochory. We investigate fruit characters using Cryo-SEM. Comparative phylogenetic analyses are applied for the first time to include life form and fruit character information to study diversification in Peperomia. Likelihood ratio tests uncover correlated character evolution. We demonstrate that diversification within Peperomia is not homogenous across its phylogeny, and that net diversification rates increase by twofold within the most species-rich subgenus. In contrast to former land plant studies that provide general evidence for increased diversification in epiphytic lineages, we demonstrate that the evolution of epiphytism within Peperomia predates the diversification shift. An epiphytic-dependent diversification is only observed for the background phylogeny. An elevated frequency of life form transitions between epiphytes and terrestrials and thus evolutionary flexibility of life forms is uncovered to coincide with the diversification shift. The evolution of fruits showing dispersal related structures is key to diversification in the foreground region of the phylogeny and postdates the evolution of epiphytism. We conclude that the success of Peperomia, measured in species numbers, is likely the result of enhanced vertical and horizontal dispersal ability and life form flexibility but not the evolution of epiphytism itself.
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New succulent window-leaved Peperomias from Peru
Haseltonia, 2012Co-Authors: Guillermo Pino, Stefan Wanke, Nelson Cieza, Marie-stéphanie SamainAbstract:The pantropical genus Peperomia consists of approximately 1,600 species with highest diversity in the Neotropics, especially in the Andes of Peru. Our continuous field work in this country shows that a considerable amount of new species still await discovery. Following our studies of the tuberous species of Peperomia subgenus Tildenia from the Andes, Central America and Mexico, we now tackle the closely related clade of terrestrial succulent window-leaved Peperomia species. This group currently consists of 31 accepted taxa, and we here describe and illustrate 10 new species and one variety, entirely based on observations in the field and in our ex situ living collections. Distribution, habitat and phenology data as well as detailed comparisons with other species are also included.
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a comparison of leaf crystal macropatterns in the two sister genera piper and Peperomia piperaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2012Co-Authors: Harry T Horner, Stefan Wanke, Marie-stéphanie SamainAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: This is the first large-scale study comparing leaf crystal macropatterns of the species-rich sister genera Piper and Peperomia. It focuses on identifying types of calcium oxalate crystals and their macropatterns in leaves of both genera. The Piper results are placed in a phylogenetic context to show evolutionary patterns. This information will expand knowledge about crystals and provide specific examples to help study their form and function. One example is the first-time observation of Piper crystal sand tumbling in chlorenchyma vacuoles. METHODS: Herbarium and fresh leaves were cleared of cytoplasmic content and examined with polarizing microscopy to identify types of crystals and their macropatterns. Selected hydrated herbarium and fresh leaf punches were processed for scanning electron microscopy and x-ray elemental analysis. Vibratome sections of living Piper and Peperomia leaves were observed for anatomical features and crystal movement. KEY RESULTS: Both genera have different leaf anatomies. Piper displays four crystal types in chlorenchyma-crystal sand, raphides, styloids, and druses, whereas Peperomia displays three types-druses, raphides, and prisms. Because of different leaf anatomies and crystal types between the genera, macropatterns are completely different. Crystal macropattern evolution in both is characterized by increasing complexity, and both may use their crystals for light gathering and reflection for efficient photosynthesis under low-intensity light environments. CONCLUSIONS: Both genera have different leaf anatomies, types of crystals and crystal macropatterns. Based on Piper crystals associated with photosynthetic tissues and low-intensity light, further study of their function and association with surrounding chloroplasts is warranted, especially active crystal movement.
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the geophytic Peperomia subgenus tildenia piperaceae in the andes with the description of new species in a phylogenetic framework
Plant Ecology and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis, Guido Mathieu, Guillermo Pino, Nelson Cieza, Lars Symmank, Stefan WankeAbstract:Background and aims - The pantropical genus Peperomia consists of approximately 1,600 species with an extremely diverse vegetative morphology, especially in the Neotropics. One of the most startling yet overlooked growth forms is the geophytic one, as in subgenus Tildenia. This group occurs in seasonal Neotropical habitats with its highest diversity in Mexico-Guatemala and Peru-Bolivia with few species known from in between these hot spots. Methods - Recent fieldwork in Peru and Bolivia combined with herbarium study and a Bayesian analysis of an aligned sequence matrix of the chloroplast trnK-matK-psbA gene cluster of one accession of each species resulted in new findings within this subgenus. Key results - Fourteen new species are described, discussed in a phylogenetic framework and illustrated. Two species have a wide distribution and occur from central W. Peru to S. Bolivia: the common P. cerrateae and the rare P. parvisagittata. Three endemic species are described from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone which is particularly rich in tuberous Peperomia species: P. gigantea, P. jalcaensis and P. klopfensteinii. Two species are only known from their type locality in central W. Peru: P. ocrosensis and P. pugnicaudex. Five other Peruvian species are P. ayacuchoana from Ayacucho, P. querocochana from Ancash, wernerrauhii from Huanuco, Peperomia umbrosa from three distant localities, and P. pseudoverruculosa which is relatively common in SE Peru. Two species are Bolivian endemics: the rare P. purpureonervosa from La Paz and the more common P. radiatinervosa from Cochabamba and Chuquisaca. Two former varieties, both endemics of the extreme northern Central Andes, are raised to species rank: P. lilliputiana and P. pseudoperuviana. Finally, basionym rejection and lectotypification are proposed for the widespread and commonly collected tuberous Peperomia in the southern Central Andes: R peruviana. An emended description of Peperomia subgenus Tildenia is also provided.
Marie-stéphanie Samain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Traditional Uses of the Family Piperaceae in Oaxaca, Mexico:
Tropical Conservation Science, 2019Co-Authors: Brian Giovanni Martínez-bautista, Marie-stéphanie Samain, Luis Alberto Bernal-ramírez, David Bravo-avilez, José Manuel Ramírez Amezcua, Beatriz Rendón-aguilarAbstract:The ethnobotanical importance of the family Piperaceae is recognized mainly for its medicinal properties. A total of 106 species of two genera of this family (Piper and Peperomia) have been collect...
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diversity distribution and conservation status of Peperomia piperaceae in the state of veracruz mexico
Tropical Conservation Science, 2017Co-Authors: Daniela Vergararodriguez, Marie-stéphanie Samain, Guido Mathieu, Samaria Armentamontero, Thorsten KromerAbstract:We present an overview of the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of all 60 species of the genus Peperomia (“radiator plants,” Piperaceae), which are currently known from the state of ...
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Peruvian Window-Leaved Peperomia Taxa Display Unique Crystal Macropatterns in High-Altitude Environments
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Harry T Horner, Stefan Wanke, Birgit Oelschlägel, Marie-stéphanie SamainAbstract:Premise of research. Window-leaved Peperomia taxa (WPs) occur in the Peruvian Andes from near sea level to high altitudes and display curled leaves that are generally exposed to high irradiance and periodic drought, far different from the typically uncurled humid-forest, often-shaded Peperomia taxa. Even though representatives of the latter taxa, as well as other members of the Piperales, have been observed for the presence (type) and location (macropattern) of leaf crystals in previous studies, this special group of WP taxa has missed scrutiny. It was important to determine whether the WP taxa contained the same types of crystals in the same tissue locations and, if not, what any differences could be that are related to their anatomy, environment, and physiology.Methodology. Living leaves of 35 available accessions from the 42 currently recognized taxa of WPs were chemically fixed, some cleared and/or vibratome sectioned or fractured to observe the internal leaf tissues for the presence of crystals compo...
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evolution of epiphytism and fruit traits act unevenly on the diversification of the species rich genus Peperomia piperaceae
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Lena Frenzke, Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan WankeAbstract:The species-rich genus Peperomia (Black Pepper relatives) is the only genus among early diverging angiosperms where epiphytism evolved. The majority of fruits of Peperomia release sticky secretions or exhibit hook-shaped appendages indicative of epizoochorous dispersal, which is in contrast to other flowering plants, where epiphytes are generally characterized by fruit morphological adaptations for anemochory or endozoochory. We investigate fruit characters using Cryo-SEM. Comparative phylogenetic analyses are applied for the first time to include life form and fruit character information to study diversification in Peperomia. Likelihood ratio tests uncover correlated character evolution. We demonstrate that diversification within Peperomia is not homogenous across its phylogeny, and that net diversification rates increase by twofold within the most species-rich subgenus. In contrast to former land plant studies that provide general evidence for increased diversification in epiphytic lineages, we demonstrate that the evolution of epiphytism within Peperomia predates the diversification shift. An epiphytic-dependent diversification is only observed for the background phylogeny. An elevated frequency of life form transitions between epiphytes and terrestrials and thus evolutionary flexibility of life forms is uncovered to coincide with the diversification shift. The evolution of fruits showing dispersal related structures is key to diversification in the foreground region of the phylogeny and postdates the evolution of epiphytism. We conclude that the success of Peperomia, measured in species numbers, is likely the result of enhanced vertical and horizontal dispersal ability and life form flexibility but not the evolution of epiphytism itself.
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New succulent window-leaved Peperomias from Peru
Haseltonia, 2012Co-Authors: Guillermo Pino, Stefan Wanke, Nelson Cieza, Marie-stéphanie SamainAbstract:The pantropical genus Peperomia consists of approximately 1,600 species with highest diversity in the Neotropics, especially in the Andes of Peru. Our continuous field work in this country shows that a considerable amount of new species still await discovery. Following our studies of the tuberous species of Peperomia subgenus Tildenia from the Andes, Central America and Mexico, we now tackle the closely related clade of terrestrial succulent window-leaved Peperomia species. This group currently consists of 31 accepted taxa, and we here describe and illustrate 10 new species and one variety, entirely based on observations in the field and in our ex situ living collections. Distribution, habitat and phenology data as well as detailed comparisons with other species are also included.
Christoph Neinhuis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evolution of epiphytism and fruit traits act unevenly on the diversification of the species rich genus Peperomia piperaceae
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Lena Frenzke, Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan WankeAbstract:The species-rich genus Peperomia (Black Pepper relatives) is the only genus among early diverging angiosperms where epiphytism evolved. The majority of fruits of Peperomia release sticky secretions or exhibit hook-shaped appendages indicative of epizoochorous dispersal, which is in contrast to other flowering plants, where epiphytes are generally characterized by fruit morphological adaptations for anemochory or endozoochory. We investigate fruit characters using Cryo-SEM. Comparative phylogenetic analyses are applied for the first time to include life form and fruit character information to study diversification in Peperomia. Likelihood ratio tests uncover correlated character evolution. We demonstrate that diversification within Peperomia is not homogenous across its phylogeny, and that net diversification rates increase by twofold within the most species-rich subgenus. In contrast to former land plant studies that provide general evidence for increased diversification in epiphytic lineages, we demonstrate that the evolution of epiphytism within Peperomia predates the diversification shift. An epiphytic-dependent diversification is only observed for the background phylogeny. An elevated frequency of life form transitions between epiphytes and terrestrials and thus evolutionary flexibility of life forms is uncovered to coincide with the diversification shift. The evolution of fruits showing dispersal related structures is key to diversification in the foreground region of the phylogeny and postdates the evolution of epiphytism. We conclude that the success of Peperomia, measured in species numbers, is likely the result of enhanced vertical and horizontal dispersal ability and life form flexibility but not the evolution of epiphytism itself.
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the geophytic Peperomia subgenus tildenia piperaceae in the andes with the description of new species in a phylogenetic framework
Plant Ecology and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis, Guido Mathieu, Guillermo Pino, Nelson Cieza, Lars Symmank, Stefan WankeAbstract:Background and aims - The pantropical genus Peperomia consists of approximately 1,600 species with an extremely diverse vegetative morphology, especially in the Neotropics. One of the most startling yet overlooked growth forms is the geophytic one, as in subgenus Tildenia. This group occurs in seasonal Neotropical habitats with its highest diversity in Mexico-Guatemala and Peru-Bolivia with few species known from in between these hot spots. Methods - Recent fieldwork in Peru and Bolivia combined with herbarium study and a Bayesian analysis of an aligned sequence matrix of the chloroplast trnK-matK-psbA gene cluster of one accession of each species resulted in new findings within this subgenus. Key results - Fourteen new species are described, discussed in a phylogenetic framework and illustrated. Two species have a wide distribution and occur from central W. Peru to S. Bolivia: the common P. cerrateae and the rare P. parvisagittata. Three endemic species are described from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone which is particularly rich in tuberous Peperomia species: P. gigantea, P. jalcaensis and P. klopfensteinii. Two species are only known from their type locality in central W. Peru: P. ocrosensis and P. pugnicaudex. Five other Peruvian species are P. ayacuchoana from Ayacucho, P. querocochana from Ancash, wernerrauhii from Huanuco, Peperomia umbrosa from three distant localities, and P. pseudoverruculosa which is relatively common in SE Peru. Two species are Bolivian endemics: the rare P. purpureonervosa from La Paz and the more common P. radiatinervosa from Cochabamba and Chuquisaca. Two former varieties, both endemics of the extreme northern Central Andes, are raised to species rank: P. lilliputiana and P. pseudoperuviana. Finally, basionym rejection and lectotypification are proposed for the widespread and commonly collected tuberous Peperomia in the southern Central Andes: R peruviana. An emended description of Peperomia subgenus Tildenia is also provided.
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Phylogeny of the genus Peperomia (Piperaceae) inferred from the trnK/matK region (cpDNA).
Plant Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Stefan Wanke, Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Guido Mathieu, Liesbeth Vanderschaeve, Christoph NeinhuisAbstract:: The genus Peperomia is one of the largest genera of basal angiosperms, comprising about 1500 - 1700 pantropically distributed species. The currently accepted infrageneric classification divides Peperomia into nine subgenera and seven sections. This classification is based on some 200 species, primarily using fruit morphology. The monophyly of these infrageneric taxa has never been tested and molecular phylogenetic studies of a representative sampling within Peperomia do not exist. This paper provides the first molecular phylogeny for the genus Peperomia. Monophyletic clades within Peperomia are identified and previously used morphological characters are critically reviewed. We show that the importance of some morphological characters has been overestimated and that some of these characters presumably have evolved several times independently. Only one previously described subgenus has been confirmed to be monophyletic.
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verhuellia revisited unravelling its intricate taxonomic history and a new subfamilial classification of piperaceae
Taxon, 2008Co-Authors: Marie-stéphanie Samain, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan Wanke, Guido Mathieu, Paul GoetghebeurAbstract:The small poorly studied genus Verhuellia has usually been included in the genus Peperomia. However, a recent molecular study has revealed that Verhuellia is sister to all Piperaceae and neither part of, nor sister to Peperomia as expected. The genus currently includes three species, and with eight taxa described, has had a complex taxonomic history, including wrong synonymizations. Bence a thorough review of all publications mentioning Verhuellia and a detailed study of the herbarium specimens involved has been undertaken. In this paper we present a survey of the chaotic taxonomy of Verhuellia and clarify all nomenclatural obscurities. Additionally, as a consequence of the novel position of the genus, the traditional division of the family Piperaceae into two subfamilies Peperomioidease and Piperoideae is reconsidered.
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nomenclature and typification of subdivisional names in the genus Peperomia piperaceae
Taxon, 2007Co-Authors: Marie-stéphanie Samain, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan Wanke, Guido Mathieu, Liesbeth Vanderschaeve, Paul GoetghebeurAbstract:The genus Peperomia includes 1,500-1,700 accepted species, making it one of the giant genera ofangiosperms. The infrageneric classification usually adopted is that of Dahlstedt (1900) which divides Peperomia into 9 subgenera, 7 sections and 4 subsections. In 1930, two of these sections were treated comparably with Dahlstedt's subgenera, making a total of 11 primary subdivisions of Peperomia. Later, different authors added a few more subgenera to include some island species. The names of only a few subgenera, sections or subsections of Peperomia have been typified. In this paper, we present a survey of all subgenera, sections and subsections described in the genus Peperomia and we designate nomenclatural types for names that have not yet been typified.
Guido Mathieu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Endemic Peperomia (Piperaceae) novelties from eastern Madagascar
Candollea, 2020Co-Authors: Guido MathieuAbstract:Mathieu, G. (2020). Endemic Peperomia (Piperaceae) novelties from eastern Madagascar. Candollea 75: 75–82. In English, English and French-abstracts.Three endemic Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. species (Piperaceae) from the eastern Malagasy rainforests are presented as new to science. They are described, illustrated, compared with presumed closest relatives and their conservation status assessments are provided. Peperomia irrasa G. Mathieu seems to be restricted to the Anjanaharibe massif, while Peperomia robusta G. Mathieu is reported from the National Park of Zahamena to the Loky-Manambato Protected Area (Daraina). Peperomia variilimba G. Mathieu is an apparently common species occurring from the Tsaratanana massif to Analamazaotra. These novelties bring the number of accepted Peperomia species on Madagascar to 42.
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Notes on ‘rabbit tail’ Peperomias (Piperaceae) with description of two new species
Candollea, 2018Co-Authors: Guido MathieuAbstract:Mathieu, G. (2018). Notes on ‘rabbit tail’ Peperomias (Piperaceae) with description of two new species. Candollea 73: 209–215. In English, English abstract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2018v732a5‘Rabbit tail’ Peperomia Ruiz & Pavon (Piperaceae) species are peculiar in the ellipsoid or globose shape of their inflorescences. Notes on three species of this group are presented. The taxonomic status of Peperomia clavigera Standl. & Steyerm. is discussed and two new species: Peperomia physostachya G. Mathieu from Ecuador and Peperomia sphaerostachya G. Mathieu from Colombia are described and illustrated.Received: May 9, 2018. Accepted: August 15, 2018. First published online: November 5, 2018
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Five endemic Peperomia (Piperaceae) novelties from Veracruz, Mexico
Phytotaxa, 2018Co-Authors: Héctor David Jimeno-sevilla, Thorsten Kromer, Daniela Vergara-rodríguez, Samaria Armenta-montero, Guido MathieuAbstract:Five new species of Peperomia (Piperaceae), endemic to the state of Veracruz, Mexico, are described, illustrated, compared with morphologically close taxa and assigned to their respective subgenus. Peperomia castilloi Vergara-Rodriguez & Jimeno-Sevilla, P. nopalana G.Mathieu, P. trichobracteata G.Mathieu & T.Kromer and P. xalana G.Mathieu are four somewhat similar species that occur at lower elevations in tropical humid forests. Peperomia zongolicana Jimeno-Sevilla & Vergara-Rodriguez occurs in tropical humid forests at mid-range elevations and is very distinct by the shape of its inflorescences. An assessment of their conservation status, considering IUCN Red List categories and criteria, revealed that they all belong to a threatened category, mainly due to the continuous loss and fragmentation of their natural habitats.
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Two new lithophytic species of the genus Peperomia (Piperaceae) from the state of Chiapas, Mexico
Phytotaxa, 2018Co-Authors: Roberto García-martínez, Carlos R. Beutelspacher-baigts, Ricardo Callejas-posada, Guido MathieuAbstract:Two new species of Peperomia from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, P. asarifolioides Garcia-Martinez & Beutelspacher and P. pseudoasarifolia Callejas & G.Mathieu, are described and illustrated. Both are morphologically close to Peperomia asarifolia Schltdl & Cham. and specimens of both new species have been identified as that species in the past. However, recent field work and thorough herbarium study revealed them to be distinct species.
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Lectotypifications of Peperomia species (Piperaceae) from Veracruz, Mexico
Candollea, 2017Co-Authors: Guido Mathieu, Martin W. CallmanderAbstract:Abstract Mathieu, G. & M.W. Callmander (2017). Lectotypifications of Peperomia species (Piperaceae) from Veracruz, Mexico. Candollea 72 : 333–338. In English, English abstract. An upcoming taxonomic treatment accepts 60 species of Peperomia Ruiz & Pavon (Piperaceae) from the state of Veracruz in Mexico. A total of 19 species needed a nomenclatural act. Lectotypes of four species were designated previously and the remaining 15 species are lectotypified here. Each of them is discussed in detail. Ten of these species were described by Casimir de Candolle (1836–1918) and some comments on the G herbaria, housing most of Candolle's types, are provided. Received: June 13, 2017; Accepted: July 4, 2017; First published online: July 20, 2017
Paul Goetghebeur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evolution of epiphytism and fruit traits act unevenly on the diversification of the species rich genus Peperomia piperaceae
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Lena Frenzke, Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan WankeAbstract:The species-rich genus Peperomia (Black Pepper relatives) is the only genus among early diverging angiosperms where epiphytism evolved. The majority of fruits of Peperomia release sticky secretions or exhibit hook-shaped appendages indicative of epizoochorous dispersal, which is in contrast to other flowering plants, where epiphytes are generally characterized by fruit morphological adaptations for anemochory or endozoochory. We investigate fruit characters using Cryo-SEM. Comparative phylogenetic analyses are applied for the first time to include life form and fruit character information to study diversification in Peperomia. Likelihood ratio tests uncover correlated character evolution. We demonstrate that diversification within Peperomia is not homogenous across its phylogeny, and that net diversification rates increase by twofold within the most species-rich subgenus. In contrast to former land plant studies that provide general evidence for increased diversification in epiphytic lineages, we demonstrate that the evolution of epiphytism within Peperomia predates the diversification shift. An epiphytic-dependent diversification is only observed for the background phylogeny. An elevated frequency of life form transitions between epiphytes and terrestrials and thus evolutionary flexibility of life forms is uncovered to coincide with the diversification shift. The evolution of fruits showing dispersal related structures is key to diversification in the foreground region of the phylogeny and postdates the evolution of epiphytism. We conclude that the success of Peperomia, measured in species numbers, is likely the result of enhanced vertical and horizontal dispersal ability and life form flexibility but not the evolution of epiphytism itself.
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the geophytic Peperomia subgenus tildenia piperaceae in the andes with the description of new species in a phylogenetic framework
Plant Ecology and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis, Guido Mathieu, Guillermo Pino, Nelson Cieza, Lars Symmank, Stefan WankeAbstract:Background and aims - The pantropical genus Peperomia consists of approximately 1,600 species with an extremely diverse vegetative morphology, especially in the Neotropics. One of the most startling yet overlooked growth forms is the geophytic one, as in subgenus Tildenia. This group occurs in seasonal Neotropical habitats with its highest diversity in Mexico-Guatemala and Peru-Bolivia with few species known from in between these hot spots. Methods - Recent fieldwork in Peru and Bolivia combined with herbarium study and a Bayesian analysis of an aligned sequence matrix of the chloroplast trnK-matK-psbA gene cluster of one accession of each species resulted in new findings within this subgenus. Key results - Fourteen new species are described, discussed in a phylogenetic framework and illustrated. Two species have a wide distribution and occur from central W. Peru to S. Bolivia: the common P. cerrateae and the rare P. parvisagittata. Three endemic species are described from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone which is particularly rich in tuberous Peperomia species: P. gigantea, P. jalcaensis and P. klopfensteinii. Two species are only known from their type locality in central W. Peru: P. ocrosensis and P. pugnicaudex. Five other Peruvian species are P. ayacuchoana from Ayacucho, P. querocochana from Ancash, wernerrauhii from Huanuco, Peperomia umbrosa from three distant localities, and P. pseudoverruculosa which is relatively common in SE Peru. Two species are Bolivian endemics: the rare P. purpureonervosa from La Paz and the more common P. radiatinervosa from Cochabamba and Chuquisaca. Two former varieties, both endemics of the extreme northern Central Andes, are raised to species rank: P. lilliputiana and P. pseudoperuviana. Finally, basionym rejection and lectotypification are proposed for the widespread and commonly collected tuberous Peperomia in the southern Central Andes: R peruviana. An emended description of Peperomia subgenus Tildenia is also provided.
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Phylogeny of the genus Peperomia (Piperaceae) inferred from the trnK/matK region (cpDNA).
Plant Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Stefan Wanke, Marie-stéphanie Samain, Paul Goetghebeur, Guido Mathieu, Liesbeth Vanderschaeve, Christoph NeinhuisAbstract:: The genus Peperomia is one of the largest genera of basal angiosperms, comprising about 1500 - 1700 pantropically distributed species. The currently accepted infrageneric classification divides Peperomia into nine subgenera and seven sections. This classification is based on some 200 species, primarily using fruit morphology. The monophyly of these infrageneric taxa has never been tested and molecular phylogenetic studies of a representative sampling within Peperomia do not exist. This paper provides the first molecular phylogeny for the genus Peperomia. Monophyletic clades within Peperomia are identified and previously used morphological characters are critically reviewed. We show that the importance of some morphological characters has been overestimated and that some of these characters presumably have evolved several times independently. Only one previously described subgenus has been confirmed to be monophyletic.
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verhuellia revisited unravelling its intricate taxonomic history and a new subfamilial classification of piperaceae
Taxon, 2008Co-Authors: Marie-stéphanie Samain, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan Wanke, Guido Mathieu, Paul GoetghebeurAbstract:The small poorly studied genus Verhuellia has usually been included in the genus Peperomia. However, a recent molecular study has revealed that Verhuellia is sister to all Piperaceae and neither part of, nor sister to Peperomia as expected. The genus currently includes three species, and with eight taxa described, has had a complex taxonomic history, including wrong synonymizations. Bence a thorough review of all publications mentioning Verhuellia and a detailed study of the herbarium specimens involved has been undertaken. In this paper we present a survey of the chaotic taxonomy of Verhuellia and clarify all nomenclatural obscurities. Additionally, as a consequence of the novel position of the genus, the traditional division of the family Piperaceae into two subfamilies Peperomioidease and Piperoideae is reconsidered.
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nomenclature and typification of subdivisional names in the genus Peperomia piperaceae
Taxon, 2007Co-Authors: Marie-stéphanie Samain, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan Wanke, Guido Mathieu, Liesbeth Vanderschaeve, Paul GoetghebeurAbstract:The genus Peperomia includes 1,500-1,700 accepted species, making it one of the giant genera ofangiosperms. The infrageneric classification usually adopted is that of Dahlstedt (1900) which divides Peperomia into 9 subgenera, 7 sections and 4 subsections. In 1930, two of these sections were treated comparably with Dahlstedt's subgenera, making a total of 11 primary subdivisions of Peperomia. Later, different authors added a few more subgenera to include some island species. The names of only a few subgenera, sections or subsections of Peperomia have been typified. In this paper, we present a survey of all subgenera, sections and subsections described in the genus Peperomia and we designate nomenclatural types for names that have not yet been typified.
