The Experts below are selected from a list of 39279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P.e. Vercoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In vitro fermentative traits of Australian woody Perennial Plant species that may be considered as potential sources of feed for grazing ruminants.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Zoey Durmic, P.g. Hutton, Dean Revell, J. Emms, S. Hughes, P.e. VercoeAbstract:Abstract A range of Australian woody Perennial Plant species ( n = 128 samples) were screened in vitro for overall fermentability and the capacity to induce favourable metabolic pathways in the rumen. Plants were tested in a batch rumen culture system, where gas pressure, pH and total volatile fatty acids were used as indicators of overall Plant fermentability, and concentrations of methane, ammonia, acetate and propionate indicated changes in fermentation end products. In vitro fermentation of 52 of the Plants yielded a gas pressure that was similar to, or higher than, the positive control ( i.e. , oaten chaff). Five Plants produced less methane (mL/g dry matter supplied) without reducing total gas production, 54 reduced both methane and gas production, 47 reduced neither, and 22 reduced gas production but not methane production. All Plants produced relatively low amounts of ammonia, while only 22 reduced the acetate: propionate ratio. Variability in response occurred at the genus and species level and Plants with some favourable fermentative traits were identified. The screening of Australian woody Perennial Plants not previously considered for grazing systems illustrated the possibility of using some species to manipulate rumen fermentation, either as part of a mixed diet or to identify Plant compounds associated with bioactivity in the rumen.
Zoey Durmic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In vitro fermentative traits of Australian woody Perennial Plant species that may be considered as potential sources of feed for grazing ruminants.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Zoey Durmic, P.g. Hutton, Dean Revell, J. Emms, S. Hughes, P.e. VercoeAbstract:Abstract A range of Australian woody Perennial Plant species ( n = 128 samples) were screened in vitro for overall fermentability and the capacity to induce favourable metabolic pathways in the rumen. Plants were tested in a batch rumen culture system, where gas pressure, pH and total volatile fatty acids were used as indicators of overall Plant fermentability, and concentrations of methane, ammonia, acetate and propionate indicated changes in fermentation end products. In vitro fermentation of 52 of the Plants yielded a gas pressure that was similar to, or higher than, the positive control ( i.e. , oaten chaff). Five Plants produced less methane (mL/g dry matter supplied) without reducing total gas production, 54 reduced both methane and gas production, 47 reduced neither, and 22 reduced gas production but not methane production. All Plants produced relatively low amounts of ammonia, while only 22 reduced the acetate: propionate ratio. Variability in response occurred at the genus and species level and Plants with some favourable fermentative traits were identified. The screening of Australian woody Perennial Plants not previously considered for grazing systems illustrated the possibility of using some species to manipulate rumen fermentation, either as part of a mixed diet or to identify Plant compounds associated with bioactivity in the rumen.
Jack Schultz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fertility, Root Reserves and the Cost of Inducible Defenses in the Perennial Plant Solanum carolinense
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Ramona Walls, Heidi Appel, Martin Cipollini, Jack SchultzAbstract:We examined the relationship between internal resources (root reserves), external resources (soil fertility), and allocation to defense vs. growth in the clonal, Perennial herb Solanum carolinense . In a short-term (9 d) greenhouse experiment, Plants were treated once with jasmonic acid (JA) to determine if polyphenols and glycoalkaloids were inducible by simulated herbivory. In a longer-term (4 wk) greenhouse experiment, we measured the cost, in terms of growth, of treatment with JA every 3 d, to determine if the induced response was due more to carbon limitation or nitrogen limitation. We manipulated the resources available to the Plants by varying soil fertility and the size of root cuttings from which Plants were grown, and assessed how different resource levels affected the growth and production of polyphenols and alkaloids under JA treatment or control conditions. In the short term, JA increased the concentration of polyphenols in both above- and belowground Plant parts, as well as alkaloid concentrations in the roots. In the long term, the only significant secondary chemistry response to JA was an increased polyphenol concentration in above ground tissues. The total amount of polyphenols produced was the same for JA and control Plants, indicating that the higher concentration was a result of the lower biomass of treated Plants. In contrast, alkaloid concentrations in Plants treated with JA for 4 wk did not differ from controls, but JA-treated Plants contained lower total amounts of alkaloids in above ground tissues, as a result of decreased growth. Fertilizer level and root cutting size had effects on growth and the production of secondary compounds and influenced the cost of induction. Plants grown under high fertility had a greater reduction in growth in response to JA than Plants grown under low fertility, indicating a greater trade-off between growth and defense for high fertility Plants. Plants from larger root cuttings grew bigger without any reduction in the concentration of polyphenols and alkaloids. We demonstrated that the phenotype of S. carolinense was plastic in response to simulated herbivory, fertility level, and root cutting size, and that there was a significant growth cost to induction that varied with the environment and appears to be due in large part to the allocation of limited carbon reserves.
S. Hughes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In vitro fermentative traits of Australian woody Perennial Plant species that may be considered as potential sources of feed for grazing ruminants.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Zoey Durmic, P.g. Hutton, Dean Revell, J. Emms, S. Hughes, P.e. VercoeAbstract:Abstract A range of Australian woody Perennial Plant species ( n = 128 samples) were screened in vitro for overall fermentability and the capacity to induce favourable metabolic pathways in the rumen. Plants were tested in a batch rumen culture system, where gas pressure, pH and total volatile fatty acids were used as indicators of overall Plant fermentability, and concentrations of methane, ammonia, acetate and propionate indicated changes in fermentation end products. In vitro fermentation of 52 of the Plants yielded a gas pressure that was similar to, or higher than, the positive control ( i.e. , oaten chaff). Five Plants produced less methane (mL/g dry matter supplied) without reducing total gas production, 54 reduced both methane and gas production, 47 reduced neither, and 22 reduced gas production but not methane production. All Plants produced relatively low amounts of ammonia, while only 22 reduced the acetate: propionate ratio. Variability in response occurred at the genus and species level and Plants with some favourable fermentative traits were identified. The screening of Australian woody Perennial Plants not previously considered for grazing systems illustrated the possibility of using some species to manipulate rumen fermentation, either as part of a mixed diet or to identify Plant compounds associated with bioactivity in the rumen.
P.g. Hutton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In vitro fermentative traits of Australian woody Perennial Plant species that may be considered as potential sources of feed for grazing ruminants.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Zoey Durmic, P.g. Hutton, Dean Revell, J. Emms, S. Hughes, P.e. VercoeAbstract:Abstract A range of Australian woody Perennial Plant species ( n = 128 samples) were screened in vitro for overall fermentability and the capacity to induce favourable metabolic pathways in the rumen. Plants were tested in a batch rumen culture system, where gas pressure, pH and total volatile fatty acids were used as indicators of overall Plant fermentability, and concentrations of methane, ammonia, acetate and propionate indicated changes in fermentation end products. In vitro fermentation of 52 of the Plants yielded a gas pressure that was similar to, or higher than, the positive control ( i.e. , oaten chaff). Five Plants produced less methane (mL/g dry matter supplied) without reducing total gas production, 54 reduced both methane and gas production, 47 reduced neither, and 22 reduced gas production but not methane production. All Plants produced relatively low amounts of ammonia, while only 22 reduced the acetate: propionate ratio. Variability in response occurred at the genus and species level and Plants with some favourable fermentative traits were identified. The screening of Australian woody Perennial Plants not previously considered for grazing systems illustrated the possibility of using some species to manipulate rumen fermentation, either as part of a mixed diet or to identify Plant compounds associated with bioactivity in the rumen.
