The Experts below are selected from a list of 285 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Mark K Hinders - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pocket depth determination with an ultrasonographic Periodontal Probe
    2020
    Co-Authors: Crystal B Acosta, Mark K Hinders
    Abstract:

    Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, affects millions of people. The current method of detecting Periodontal pocket depth is painful, invasive, and inaccurate. As an alternative to manual probing, the ultrasonographic Periodontal Probe is being developed to use ultrasound echo waveforms to measure Periodontal pocket depth, which is the main measure of Periodontal disease. Wavelet transforms and pattern classification techniques are used in artificial intelligence routines that can automatically detect pocket depth. The main pattern classification technique used here, called a binary classification algorithm, compares test objects with only two possible pocket depth measurements at a time and relies on dimensionality reduction for the final determination. The method correctly identifies up to 90% of the ultrasonographic Probe measurements within the manual Probe’s tolerance.

  • an ultrasonographic Periodontal Probe
    REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION VOLUME 29, 2010
    Co-Authors: C A Bertoncini, Mark K Hinders
    Abstract:

    Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, affects millions of people. The current method of detecting Periodontal pocket depth is painful, invasive, and inaccurate. As an alternative to manual probing, an ultrasonographic Periodontal Probe is being developed to use ultrasound echo waveforms to measure Periodontal pocket depth, which is the main measure of Periodontal disease. Wavelet transforms and pattern classification techniques are implemented in artificial intelligence routines that can automatically detect pocket depth. The main pattern classification technique used here, called a binary classification algorithm, compares test objects with only two possible pocket depth measurements at a time and relies on dimensionality reduction for the final determination. This method correctly identifies up to 90% of the ultrasonographic Probe measurements within the manual Probe’s tolerance.

  • simulations of ultrasonographic Periodontal Probe using the finite integration technique
    The Open Acoustics Journal, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kevin Rudd, C A Bertoncini, Mark K Hinders
    Abstract:

    Periodontal disease is one of the most pervasive dental diseases in older adults. It involves the loss of connective tissue attachment with subsequent destruction of tooth-supporting bone, leading to loss of teeth. Periodontal pocket depth is currently measured with an invasive manual Probe, but adapting diagnostic ultrasound to this purpose can avoid the pain and inaccuracy inherent in manual probing. In this paper, 3D simulations of ultrasonic Periodontal Probe measurements are described, using a parallel finite integration technique which is adaptable enough to create realistic anatomical geometries. The outputs of the simulation include 3D pressure values distributed throughout the Periodontal anatomy, 2D vertical cross sections of the acoustic pressure waves, and the pressure across the face of the transducer which is used to synthesize the ultrasonic echo. Experimental comparison with a simple phantom is also shown. Lastly, the energy values for different simulations are calculated from the 3D pressure values to describe the amount of energy reaching different zones, especially the junctional epithelium. The simulations as well as the energy studies show that only a small portion of the ultrasonic energy is reaching the junctional epithelium, and so sophisticated mathematical techniques are required to ultrasonically measure pocket depth.

  • clinical comparison of an ultrasonographic Periodontal Probe to manual and controlled force probing
    Measurement, 2006
    Co-Authors: John E Lynch, Mark K Hinders, Gayle B Mccombs
    Abstract:

    Abstract An ultrasonographic Periodontal Probe has been developed that offers the potential for earlier detection of Periodontal disease activity, non-invasive diagnosis, and greater reliability of measurement. A comparison study of this ultrasonographic Probe to both a standard manual Probe and a controlled-force Probe was conducted to evaluate its clinical effectiveness. Twelve patients enrolled into this study, with two half-mouth examinations conducted on each patient, scheduled 1 h apart. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the results for the three sets of probing depth measurements, followed by a repeated measures analysis to assess the reproducibility of the different probing techniques. Both methods exhibited a similar tendency toward increasing pocket depths as Gingival Index scores increased. Future studies will complete the development of more effective automated feature recognition algorithms that convert the ultrasonographic echoes into pocket depth readings.

  • clinical tests of an ultrasonic Periodontal Probe
    Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 2002
    Co-Authors: Mark K Hinders, John E Lynch, Gayle B Mccombs
    Abstract:

    A new ultrasonic Periodontal Probe has been developed that offers the potential for earlier detection of Periodontal disease activity, non-invasive diagnosis, and greater reliability of measurement. A comparison study of the ultrasonic Probe to both a manual Probe, and a controlled-force Probe was conducted to evaluate its clinical effectiveness. Twelve patients enrolled into this study. Two half-month examinations were conducted on each patient, scheduled one hour apart. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the results for the three sets of probing depth measurements, followed by a repeated measures analysis to assess the reproducibility of the different probing techniques. These preliminary findings indicate that manual and ultrasonic probing measure different features of the pocket. Therefore, it is not obvious how the two depth measurements correspond to each other. However, both methods exhibited a similar tendency toward increasing pocket depths as Gingival Index scores increased. Based on the small sample size, further studies need to be conducted using a larger population of patients exhibiting a wider range of disease activity. In addition, studies that allow histological examination of the pocket after probing will help further evaluate the clinical effectiveness the ultrasonic Probe. Future studies will also aid in the development of more effective automated feature recognition algorithms that convert the ultrasonic echoes into pocket depth readings.

Ron Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of a new Periodontal Probe tip design. A clinical and in vitro study.
    Journal of clinical periodontology, 2004
    Co-Authors: S. R. Vartoukian, Richard Palmer, Ron Wilson
    Abstract:

    Aims: In the search for an accurate Periodontal Probe which does not frequently penetrate the pocket base, a new tip has been designed which is flattened, and of 1 mm width and 0.45 mm thickness. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-mechanical and clinical properties of this Probe (test) in comparison to a conventional 0.5 mm circular Probe (control). Methods: Photoelastic stress analysis was undertaken for test and control Probe tips at 3.15 and 5 N loads. To assess probing validity, the clinical probing depth with each Probe (0.25 N force) at 125 sites on 27 teeth (27 subjects), was compared with the post-extraction connective tissue level measurement. Also evaluated were probing reproducibility (1200 sites in 25 subjects) and patient comfort (30 subjects). Results: Using photoelastic stress analysis, the test Probe demonstrated lower stresses and less local stress concentration than the control. Clinically, the test Probe measured close to the post-extraction gold standard in greater frequency than the control – 26 versus 11 readings (21% versus 9%) exactly matched, and 90 versus 67 (72% versus 54%) were within ±0.5 mm of the laboratory measurement. The test Probe was, on average, 0.13 mm coronal to the connective tissue attachment level, whereas the control penetrated 0.27 mm past this level. The intraclass correlation between clinical and laboratory readings was greater for the test than the control (r=0.81 and 0.74, respectively). Although the control Probe overestimated probing depth more markedly at bleeding (0.41 mm) than at non-bleeding (0.15 mm) sites, the relative position of the test Probe hardly differed with inflammatory status (−0.11 and −0.14 mm, respectively). Each Probe demonstrated good clinical reproducibility. However, the test Probe examination was more comfortable for the patient. Conclusion: This new Periodontal Probe tip appears to have greater validity, good reproducibility and produces less patient discomfort.

  • an investigation of the validity of attachment level measurements with an automated Periodontal Probe
    Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Naseer Ahmed, Trevor Watts, Ron Wilson
    Abstract:

    Abstract There is a need for information on the validity of probing depth and attachment level measurements made with automated Probes. In this study. 34 teeth in 9 patients were measured with the Florida Probe from points marked with a bur prior to extraction. After extraction, connective tissue attachment levels were measured from the same points with a dissecting microscope. Mean measurements of attachment level were similar with probing (5.13±2.08 mm) and laboratory (5.18±2.26 mm) assessments. The correlation between these measurements was 0.72 (p<0.001), and a t-test of the paired measurements showed no difference (t=0.44: p=0.66). The Florida Probe thus showed satisfactory validity for this group of measurements of advanced periodontitis. However, there was substantial lack of agreement between individual probing measurements and the validity criterion of laboratory attachment level measurements, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.46. It was concluded that the Florida Probe was suitable for studies in which measurements were averaged, but not for longitudinal study of individual sites.

Saad Alkahtani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the accuracy of the vivacare true pressure sensitive Periodontal Probe system in terms of probing force
    Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Axel Bergenholtz, Nader Alharbi, Faudia M Alhummayani, Peter Anton, Saad Alkahtani
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background: The Hunter TPS Vivacare Periodontal Probe was invented to perform consistent, accurate and reliable Periodontal examinations “with controlled pressures”. Aims: The aims of the present investigation are 3: (1) what is the accuracy of the probing force when various Probe heads are used in a correct operation position; (2) what is the effect of over- and under-reading of the operation position on the probing force; (3) what is the accuracy of the probing force when different Probe handles are used. The Hunter TPS Probe consists of a tip connected to a special spring mechanism, which controls the pressure extended to the Probe tip. According to the manufacturer, the force indicator lines coincide at approximately 20 g force. Method: The test apparatus consisted of an electronic balance, and an electronic caliper. 12 TPS Probes tips and 3 handles were selected to test whether there were differences in force between Probes. Each Probe tip was adapted to the same handle and tested 10 times. In a 2nd test, the TPS-handles and over-, accurate-, and under-readings were analyzed as to how they affect the probing force. The 12 TPS Probe tips were connected to each of the 3 handles and tested 10× for each of 3 handles and levels. Results: The range in force between TPS Probe tips was 8.4 g (p<0.001). For the handles as well as for each of the readings of the operating positions, the differences were small and non-significant. However, between over- and under-readings, there were statistical significant differences. Conclusions: The conclusion is that the variation in force between Probe tips is high and always above the manufacturer's “approximately” 20 g. As long as the same handle and the same Probe tip are used together, and the examiner is reading the markings correct, the. TPS Probe is adequate.

Franz Josef Strauss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • digital scanning is more accurate than using a Periodontal Probe to measure the keratinized tissue width
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jung Seok Lee, Yoonsun Jeon, Franz Josef Strauss, Hoi In Jung, Reinhard Gruber
    Abstract:

    This study aimed to compare the accuracy and reliability of digital versus conventional clinical measurements of the width of keratinized tissue. To this end, the keratinized tissue width was measured at 110 tooth sites in 5 pig jaws. The measurements were made at each site using three-dimensional (3D) scanned images and a Periodontal Probe. The actual keratinized tissue width was subsequently measured on histologic slides prepared from the same sites, and differences between the histologic slides and the digital and clinical measurements were analyzed to determine their accuracy in two measurement rounds. Furthermore, intrarater and interrater reliabilities were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Here we show that the mean differences (and lower/upper limits of agreement) between the histologic and the digital/clinical measurements were 0.10 mm (−1.34/1.54 mm) and 1.11 mm (−0.69/2.92 mm), respectively, in the first round of measurements (p < 0.01), and 0.04 mm (−1.52/1.59 mm) and 1.05 mm (−0.37/2.48 mm) in the second round of measurements (p < 0.01). Moreover, we found that the intrarater reliability was higher for the digital measurements (ICC = 0.97, confidence interval [CI] = 0.96–0.97) than for the clinical measurements (ICC = 0.87, CI = 0.86–0.89; p < 0.01). Taken together, our results demonstrate that digital measurements of the keratinized tissue width using 3D scanned images can replace conventional clinical measurements using a Periodontal Probe since they are more accurate and reliable.

Jan Cosyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the gingival biotype revisited transparency of the Periodontal Probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick gingiva
    Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Tim De Rouck, Rouhollah Eghbali, Kristiaan Collys, Hugo De Bruyn, Jan Cosyn
    Abstract:

    Aim: To detect groups of subjects in a sample of 100 Periodontally healthy volunteers with different combinations of morphometric data related to central maxillary incisors and surrounding soft tissues. Material and Methods: Four clinical parameters were included in a cluster analysis: crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), gingival width (GW), papilla height (PH) and gingival thickness (GT). The latter was based on the transparency of the Periodontal Probe through the gingival margin while probing the buccal sulcus. Every first volunteer out of 10 was re-examined to evaluate intra-examiner repeatability for all variables. Results: High agreement between duplicate recordings was found for all parameters, in particular for GT, pointing to 85% (κ=0.70; p=0.002). The partitioning method identified three clusters with specific features. Cluster A1 (nine males, 28 females) displayed a slender tooth form (CW/CL=0.79), a GW of 4.92 mm, a PH of 4.29 mm and a thin gingiva (Probe visible on one or both incisors in 100% of the subjects). Cluster A2 (29 males, five females) presented similar features (CW/CL=0.77; GW=5.2 mm; PH=4.54 mm), except for GT. These subjects showed a clear thick gingiva (Probe concealed on both incisors in 97% of the subjects). The third group (cluster B: 12 males, 17 females) differed substantially from the other clusters in many parameters. These subjects showed a more quadratic tooth form (CW/CL=0.88), a broad zone of keratinized tissue (GW=5.84 mm), low papillae (PH=2.84 mm) and a thick gingiva (Probe concealed on both incisors in 83% of the subjects). Conclusions: The present analysis, using a simple and reproducible method for GT assessment, confirmed the existence of gingival biotypes. A clear thin gingiva was found in about one-third of the sample in mainly female subjects with slender teeth, a narrow zone of keratinized tissue and a highly scalloped gingival margin corresponding to the features of the previously introduced “thin-scalloped biotype” (cluster A1). A clear thick gingiva was found in about two-thirds of the sample in mainly male subjects. About half of them showed quadratic teeth, a broad zone of keratinized tissue and a flat gingival margin corresponding to the features of the previously introduced “thick-flat biotype” (cluster B). The other half could not be classified as such. These subjects showed a clear thick gingiva with slender teeth, a narrow zone of keratinized tissue and a high gingival scallop (cluster A2).