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Velho, Ricardo Scopel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A transfiguração da revolução Permanente na América Latina: um diálogo entre Adolfo Gilly e Florestan Fernandes
    'Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades desde America Latina', 2020
    Co-Authors: Velho, Ricardo Scopel
    Abstract:

    The article seeks to dialogue with the production of Adolfo Gilly and Florestan Fernandes on the relevance of the concept of Permanent Revolution in the capitalist realities of Latin America. It presents a description of the processes of the bourgeois Revolution in Mexico and Brazil, illustrating Gilly’s concepts of interrupted Revolution and Permanent counter-Revolution in Fernandes. It also analyzes some strategic formulas derived from various understandings of the capitalist transition in the region. Finally, some questions about the actuality of the categories of Permanent Revolution interrupted Revolution, and autocracy are listed in order to analyze the Latin American realities of the 21st century.O artigo tem por objetivo dialogar com a produção de Adolfo Gilly e Florestan Fernandes sobre a pertinência do conceito de revolução Permanente nas realidades capitalistas da América Latina. Apresenta-se uma descrição suscinta dos processos de revolução burguesa no México e no Brasil, ilustrando os conceitos de revolução interrompida de Gilly e de contrarrevolução Permanente em Fernandes. Também se discute algumas fórmulas estratégicas derivadas de entendimentos diversos sobre a transição capitalista na região. Por fim, elenca-se algumas questões sobre a atualidade das categorias de revolução Permanente, revolução interrompida e de autocracia para se analisar as realidades latino-americanas do século XXI

Ricardo Scopel Velho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ronald D. Brunner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The world Revolution of our time: a review and update
    Policy Sciences, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ronald D. Brunner
    Abstract:

    In 1935 Harold D. Lasswell introduced constructs of the world Revolution to improve the rational selection of topics and timing for policy research. This article reviews and updates his construct of the skill Revolution arising from the differentiation of specialized environments in modern society, including three variants: the garrison-state construct, the Permanent Revolution of modernizing intellectuals, and the unspeakable Revolution. Among transformations of the skill Revolution facilitated by the growing interdependence of modern society, or globalization, are contending fundamentalist and cosmopolitan Revolutions. A Gnostic Revolution of declining faith in Western civilization is also possible. This article concludes with a preferential construct tracing a possible sequence of events leading toward a world order of peace, welfare and social justice.

Neil Davidson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The “law” of uneven and combined development: Part 2. Scope and developments
    East Central Europe, 2018
    Co-Authors: Neil Davidson
    Abstract:

    The article begins by reconstructing the theory of uneven and combined development from Trotsky’s own writings in relation to Russia. It then looks more closely at the notion of the “modern” which in Trotsky’s account combines with the “archaic” or “backward,” before arguing that role of modernity suggests that uneven and combined development has been a far more widespread process than solely in the Third World/Global South. Drawing attention first to the English exception, the article then surveys examples from both West and East before concluding with an assessment of the relative durability of both Permanent Revolution and uneven development in the twenty-first century.

  • The “Law” of Uneven and Combined Development: Part 1
    East Central Europe, 2018
    Co-Authors: Neil Davidson
    Abstract:

    Since the 1990s there has been an upsurge of academic interest in Trotsky’s concept of uneven and combined development, but relatively little attention has been paid to its intellectual antecedents. This first of two articles will reconstruct the sources and components of uneven and combined development, in particular the strategy of Permanent Revolution, the conditions for which it was intended as an explanation, and the theory of uneven development, which Trotsky had to extend in order to provide that explanation. The article moves between the concepts of Permanent Revolution and uneven development, tracing their historical development from emergence in the eighteenth century until the era of the first Russian Revolution. By this point a relationship between the two had begun to be established by Marxists on the centre and left of the Second International, and in turn made possible the formulation of the “law” of uneven and combined development, which will be discussed in the second article.

  • Uneven and Combined Development as a Universal Aspect of Capitalist Industrialisation
    2017
    Co-Authors: Neil Davidson
    Abstract:

    In the contemporary debate over uneven and combined development opinion among those who find the concept useful has broadly divided in two. One sees uneven and combined development as a process which only became possible during the imperialist era of capitalism, usually seen as beginning in the Great Depression of the 1870s, when geopolitical rivalry and colonial expansion partially extended industrialisation from the metropolitan centers to what we now call the Global South. The other sees it as a transhistorical or transmodal process which can be found throughout human history, although some adherents of this position accept that it only achieved a truly systematic character during the late nineteenth century. Although more sympathetic to the former position, I will argue in this paper that uneven and combined development can indeed be extended, not backwards through time, but sideways through space: in other words, whether the process has been generated in every society which has experienced capitalist modernity, rather than being confined to backward or underdeveloped areas. But if all societies which have undergone the impact of factories and cities have experienced uneven and combined development to some extent, with the important exception of England, which completed the transition to capitalism before these processes began, why then have they had such different outcomes, above all with respect to their propensity for Revolution? The social and cultural experiences produced by uneven and combined development were similar across East and West, albeit to different degrees, but the class adversary and consequently the nature of the state was quite different. In a sense, it is where uneven and combined development is present but hegemony (in Gramsci’s sense) is absent that the conditions for Permanent Revolution arose. This suggests that there is no necessary connection between uneven and combined development and Permanent Revolution, as the former existed throughout much of the West – for example in Italy – even into the era of the Russian Revolution, without giving rise to the possibility of the latter. The paper concludes by examining the implications for contemporary politics.

  • From deflected Permanent Revolution to uneven and combined development
    International Socialism, 2010
    Co-Authors: Neil Davidson
    Abstract:

    “Trotsky is the one for whom there is no room either in pre-1990 Really Existing Socialism or in post-1990 Really Existing Capitalism, in which even those who are nostalgic for Communism do not know what to do with Trotsky’s Permanent Revolution”.1 Slavoj Zizek wrote these words at the beginning of the millennium and, in this case, he expresses a sentiment with which readers of International Socialism are likely to agree. The question of “what to do” with the concept of Permanent Revolution is one which this journal first addressed in a systematic way with the publication of Tony Cliff’s major reappraisal of 1963, in which he augmented Trotsky’s original concept with that of “deflected Permanent Revolution”.2 Cliff’s article was part of a wider revisionist project. In the two years before his assassination in 1940, Trotsky made a number of claims about the world system and committed himself to a series of predictions about its future development. These included: that global capitalism had entered a period of Permanent and irreversible decline, that the Russian Stalinist regime was an inherently unstable and historically unique formation which was doomed to collapse, and that the coming Revolutions in the colonial and semi-colonial world would be led by the working class, as the Russian Revolution had been in 1917.

Steve Ellner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Does the process of change in Venezuela resemble a “Permanent Revolution”?
    Dialectical Anthropology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Steve Ellner
    Abstract:

    The ongoing radicalization over an extended period under the presidency of Hugo Chávez contrasts with Revolutions elsewhere. The Chávez government has passed through increasingly radical stages beginning with moderate policies in 1999–2000, and leading to widespread expropriations after 2007. Political victories initiated each new stage. The escalations from one stage to the next helped identify “enemies” of the process of change. Government victories and radicalization infused rank-and-file Chavistas with a sense of optimism. The Venezuelan process recalls the concept of Permanent Revolution espoused by Leon Trotsky, but there are areas of divergence: First, in contrast to the Venezuelan case, Trotsky insisted that the working class and its vanguard party play the lead role untied to their class enemies. Second, Chávez throughout his 12 years of rule has occasionally accepted compromise arrangements with the adversaries of change.

  • does the process of change in venezuela resemble a Permanent Revolution
    Dialectical Anthropology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Steve Ellner
    Abstract:

    The ongoing radicalization over an extended period under the presidency of Hugo Chavez contrasts with Revolutions elsewhere. The Chavez government has passed through increasingly radical stages beginning with moderate policies in 1999–2000, and leading to widespread expropriations after 2007. Political victories initiated each new stage. The escalations from one stage to the next helped identify “enemies” of the process of change. Government victories and radicalization infused rank-and-file Chavistas with a sense of optimism. The Venezuelan process recalls the concept of Permanent Revolution espoused by Leon Trotsky, but there are areas of divergence: First, in contrast to the Venezuelan case, Trotsky insisted that the working class and its vanguard party play the lead role untied to their class enemies. Second, Chavez throughout his 12 years of rule has occasionally accepted compromise arrangements with the adversaries of change.