The Experts below are selected from a list of 40647 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark A. Blais - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the empirically derived violence and aggression risk index from the Personality Assessment inventory development validation and application in general psychiatric settings
Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, 2017Co-Authors: Michael J Roche, Michelle B. Stein, Samuel Justin Sinclair, Christy A Denckla, Wei Jean Chung, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The current study developed a new index of violence risk from scales within the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Clinical patients from inpatient and outpatient settings completed the PAI along with reports of violence history and arrest record. A forward-selection hierarchical logistic regression was employed (N = 388) to identify the PAI scales (AGG-P, AGG-A, NON, PAR-H, and ANT-A) that could effectively distinguish patients with and without a history of violence. These indicators were then aggregated into a single index, labeled the Violence and Aggression Risk Index (VARI). The VARI modestly incremented other PAI subscales and indices in an independent clinical sample (N = 387). The authors discuss how the VARI can be incorporated with the other PAI scales to assess violence risk.
-
evaluating chronic suicide risk with the Personality Assessment inventory development and initial validation of the chronic suicide risk index s_chron
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Michelle B. Stein, Michael J Roche, Wei Jean Chung, Christina M Temes, Christina N Massey, Laura Richardson, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The current study sought to develop and validate a new measure of chronic suicide risk (the S_Chron) from the Personality Assessment Inventory in a mixed sample of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. In an initial development sample (N=397), hierarchical logistic regression identified six PAI variables uniquely associated with multiple versus single/no prior suicide attempts after controlling for sample demographics: Negative Impression Management, Situational Stress, Mania - Grandiosity, Borderline - Negative Relationships, Borderline - Self-Harm, and Antisocial Behaviors. These indicators were then aggregated into a single index (S_Chron) and evaluated in terms of validity in an independent clinical sample (N=398). Results indicated the S_Chron effectively differentiated between groups with multiple versus single/no prior suicide attempts, even after controlling for the effects of the PAI Suicidal Ideation (SUI) and Suicide Potential (SPI) indices, with moderate to large effect sizes observed (range of Cohen's d's=0.30-0.91). Further, the S_Chron incremented all other PAI indices and SUI in predicting multiple suicide attempts. The potential clinical application and ways in which the S_Chron may augment other existing measures of suicide risk are discussed.
-
neuropsychological functioning and profile validity on the Personality Assessment inventory pai an investigation in multiple psychiatric settings
Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Matthew R Baity, Greg Haggerty, Julie Walshmessinger, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Psychologists in medical settings are frequently tasked with providing comprehensive evaluations of patients with complex medical and psychiatric conditions. In order to achieve these aims, standardized measures of neurocognitive and psychological functioning are often employed to empirically assess a patient's level of functioning across an array of relevant clinical domains. However, less is known about the degree to which cognitive impairment affects a patient's ability to complete these more comprehensive Assessments, raising questions about test validity. The current study sought to contribute to this growing body of literature by examining whether neurocognitive functioning is associated with profile validity on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in both outpatient (N = 321) and inpatient (N = 131) psychiatric settings. In Study 1, results indicate that while multiple cognitive domains are associated with overall profile validity in psychiatric outpatients, attentional impairment specifically was found to be a significant predictor of profile invalidity after accounting for the effects of overall intellectual functioning (accounting for 13% of the variance overall). The magnitude of attentional impairment specifically, and number of impaired cognitive domains more generally, were also found to be meaningfully associated with overall profile validity. Likewise, in Study 2, PAI profile validity was found to be meaningfully associated with gross cognitive impairment on the WMS-IV Brief Cognitive Status Examination (BCSE) in an inpatient psychiatric setting, with almost half of the patients in the most impaired group yielding invalid PAI profiles. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
-
extending the validity of the Personality Assessment inventory s pai level of care index loci in multiple psychiatric settings
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Wei Jean Chung, Michaela Smith, Rachel E Liebman, Greg Haggerty, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The purpose of this study was to extend the validity and clinical application of the Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in 2 independent psychiatric samples. In Study 1 (N = 201), the LOCI effectively differentiated level of care (inpatients from outpatients), and was also meaningfully associated with risk factors for psychiatric admission (e.g., suicidal ideation, self-harming behavior, previous psychiatric admission, etc.), even after controlling for other demographic variables (range of Cohen's ds = 0.57–1.00). Likewise, the LOCI also incremented other risk indicators (suicide and violence history) and relevant PAI indexes (i.e., Mean Clinical Elevation, and Suicide and Violence Potential) in predicting level of care, and explained an additional 6% to 12% of variance in the target variable. Diagnostic efficiency analyses indicated LOCI scores in the range of 15 to 18 optimize positive and negative predictive power, and classification rate. In Study 2 (N = 96), th...
-
development and preliminary validation of the level of care index loci from the Personality Assessment inventory pai in a psychiatric sample
Psychological Assessment, 2013Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Jenelle Slavinmulford, Johanna C Malone, Greg Haggerty, Sheila M Okeefe, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Research over the last decade has been promising in terms of the incremental utility of psychometric tools in predicting important clinical outcomes, such as mental health service utilization and inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Logistic regression was initially used in a development sample (n = 253) of psychiatric patients to identify unique PAI indicators associated with inpatient (n = 75) as opposed to outpatient (n = 178) status. Five PAI variables were ultimately retained (Suicidal Ideation, Antisocial Personality-Stimulus Seeking, Paranoia-Persecution, Negative Impression Management, and Depression-Affective) and were then aggregated into a single LOCI and independently evaluated in a second validation sample (n = 252). Results indicated the LOCI effectively differentiated inpatients from outpatients after controlling for demographic variables and was significantly associated with both internalizing and externalizing risk factors for psychiatric admission (range of ds = 0.46 for history of arrests to 0.88 for history of suicidal ideation). The LOCI was additionally found to be meaningfully associated with measures of normal Personality, performance-based tests of psychological functioning, and measures of neurocognitive (executive) functioning. The clinical implications of these findings and potential utility of the LOCI are discussed.
Samuel Justin Sinclair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
cognitive status and profile validity on the Personality Assessment inventory pai in offenders with serious mental illness
International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Tatiana M Matlasz, Jamie L Brylski, Corey M Leidenfrost, Matt Scalco, Ronald M SchoelermanAbstract:Abstract Cognitive impairment among seriously mentally ill offenders has implications for legal matters (e.g., competency to stand trial), as well as clinical treatment and care. Thus, being able to identify potential cognitive concerns early in the adjudication process can be important when deciding on further interventions. In this study, we examined the validity scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV), and competency findings in male inmates (n = 61) diagnosed with a serious mental illness. Lower scores on the WAIS-IV significantly (p = 0.001) predicted invalid, versus valid, PAI profiles, with working memory impairment being the most significant (p = 0.004) predictor of an invalid profile. Ancillary analyses on a smaller sample (n = 18) indicate that those with invalid PAI profiles were more likely to be deemed legally incompetent (p = 0.03). These findings suggest that the PAI validity scales may be informative in detecting cognitive concerns and help clinicians make determinations about competency restoration and treatment.
-
the empirically derived violence and aggression risk index from the Personality Assessment inventory development validation and application in general psychiatric settings
Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, 2017Co-Authors: Michael J Roche, Michelle B. Stein, Samuel Justin Sinclair, Christy A Denckla, Wei Jean Chung, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The current study developed a new index of violence risk from scales within the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Clinical patients from inpatient and outpatient settings completed the PAI along with reports of violence history and arrest record. A forward-selection hierarchical logistic regression was employed (N = 388) to identify the PAI scales (AGG-P, AGG-A, NON, PAR-H, and ANT-A) that could effectively distinguish patients with and without a history of violence. These indicators were then aggregated into a single index, labeled the Violence and Aggression Risk Index (VARI). The VARI modestly incremented other PAI subscales and indices in an independent clinical sample (N = 387). The authors discuss how the VARI can be incorporated with the other PAI scales to assess violence risk.
-
evaluating chronic suicide risk with the Personality Assessment inventory development and initial validation of the chronic suicide risk index s_chron
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Michelle B. Stein, Michael J Roche, Wei Jean Chung, Christina M Temes, Christina N Massey, Laura Richardson, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The current study sought to develop and validate a new measure of chronic suicide risk (the S_Chron) from the Personality Assessment Inventory in a mixed sample of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. In an initial development sample (N=397), hierarchical logistic regression identified six PAI variables uniquely associated with multiple versus single/no prior suicide attempts after controlling for sample demographics: Negative Impression Management, Situational Stress, Mania - Grandiosity, Borderline - Negative Relationships, Borderline - Self-Harm, and Antisocial Behaviors. These indicators were then aggregated into a single index (S_Chron) and evaluated in terms of validity in an independent clinical sample (N=398). Results indicated the S_Chron effectively differentiated between groups with multiple versus single/no prior suicide attempts, even after controlling for the effects of the PAI Suicidal Ideation (SUI) and Suicide Potential (SPI) indices, with moderate to large effect sizes observed (range of Cohen's d's=0.30-0.91). Further, the S_Chron incremented all other PAI indices and SUI in predicting multiple suicide attempts. The potential clinical application and ways in which the S_Chron may augment other existing measures of suicide risk are discussed.
-
neuropsychological functioning and profile validity on the Personality Assessment inventory pai an investigation in multiple psychiatric settings
Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Matthew R Baity, Greg Haggerty, Julie Walshmessinger, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Psychologists in medical settings are frequently tasked with providing comprehensive evaluations of patients with complex medical and psychiatric conditions. In order to achieve these aims, standardized measures of neurocognitive and psychological functioning are often employed to empirically assess a patient's level of functioning across an array of relevant clinical domains. However, less is known about the degree to which cognitive impairment affects a patient's ability to complete these more comprehensive Assessments, raising questions about test validity. The current study sought to contribute to this growing body of literature by examining whether neurocognitive functioning is associated with profile validity on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in both outpatient (N = 321) and inpatient (N = 131) psychiatric settings. In Study 1, results indicate that while multiple cognitive domains are associated with overall profile validity in psychiatric outpatients, attentional impairment specifically was found to be a significant predictor of profile invalidity after accounting for the effects of overall intellectual functioning (accounting for 13% of the variance overall). The magnitude of attentional impairment specifically, and number of impaired cognitive domains more generally, were also found to be meaningfully associated with overall profile validity. Likewise, in Study 2, PAI profile validity was found to be meaningfully associated with gross cognitive impairment on the WMS-IV Brief Cognitive Status Examination (BCSE) in an inpatient psychiatric setting, with almost half of the patients in the most impaired group yielding invalid PAI profiles. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
-
extending the validity of the Personality Assessment inventory s pai level of care index loci in multiple psychiatric settings
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Wei Jean Chung, Michaela Smith, Rachel E Liebman, Greg Haggerty, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The purpose of this study was to extend the validity and clinical application of the Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in 2 independent psychiatric samples. In Study 1 (N = 201), the LOCI effectively differentiated level of care (inpatients from outpatients), and was also meaningfully associated with risk factors for psychiatric admission (e.g., suicidal ideation, self-harming behavior, previous psychiatric admission, etc.), even after controlling for other demographic variables (range of Cohen's ds = 0.57–1.00). Likewise, the LOCI also incremented other risk indicators (suicide and violence history) and relevant PAI indexes (i.e., Mean Clinical Elevation, and Suicide and Violence Potential) in predicting level of care, and explained an additional 6% to 12% of variance in the target variable. Diagnostic efficiency analyses indicated LOCI scores in the range of 15 to 18 optimize positive and negative predictive power, and classification rate. In Study 2 (N = 96), th...
Caleb J. Siefert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
neuropsychological functioning and profile validity on the Personality Assessment inventory pai an investigation in multiple psychiatric settings
Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Matthew R Baity, Greg Haggerty, Julie Walshmessinger, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Psychologists in medical settings are frequently tasked with providing comprehensive evaluations of patients with complex medical and psychiatric conditions. In order to achieve these aims, standardized measures of neurocognitive and psychological functioning are often employed to empirically assess a patient's level of functioning across an array of relevant clinical domains. However, less is known about the degree to which cognitive impairment affects a patient's ability to complete these more comprehensive Assessments, raising questions about test validity. The current study sought to contribute to this growing body of literature by examining whether neurocognitive functioning is associated with profile validity on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in both outpatient (N = 321) and inpatient (N = 131) psychiatric settings. In Study 1, results indicate that while multiple cognitive domains are associated with overall profile validity in psychiatric outpatients, attentional impairment specifically was found to be a significant predictor of profile invalidity after accounting for the effects of overall intellectual functioning (accounting for 13% of the variance overall). The magnitude of attentional impairment specifically, and number of impaired cognitive domains more generally, were also found to be meaningfully associated with overall profile validity. Likewise, in Study 2, PAI profile validity was found to be meaningfully associated with gross cognitive impairment on the WMS-IV Brief Cognitive Status Examination (BCSE) in an inpatient psychiatric setting, with almost half of the patients in the most impaired group yielding invalid PAI profiles. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
-
extending the validity of the Personality Assessment inventory s pai level of care index loci in multiple psychiatric settings
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Wei Jean Chung, Michaela Smith, Rachel E Liebman, Greg Haggerty, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The purpose of this study was to extend the validity and clinical application of the Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in 2 independent psychiatric samples. In Study 1 (N = 201), the LOCI effectively differentiated level of care (inpatients from outpatients), and was also meaningfully associated with risk factors for psychiatric admission (e.g., suicidal ideation, self-harming behavior, previous psychiatric admission, etc.), even after controlling for other demographic variables (range of Cohen's ds = 0.57–1.00). Likewise, the LOCI also incremented other risk indicators (suicide and violence history) and relevant PAI indexes (i.e., Mean Clinical Elevation, and Suicide and Violence Potential) in predicting level of care, and explained an additional 6% to 12% of variance in the target variable. Diagnostic efficiency analyses indicated LOCI scores in the range of 15 to 18 optimize positive and negative predictive power, and classification rate. In Study 2 (N = 96), th...
-
development and preliminary validation of the level of care index loci from the Personality Assessment inventory pai in a psychiatric sample
Psychological Assessment, 2013Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Jenelle Slavinmulford, Johanna C Malone, Greg Haggerty, Sheila M Okeefe, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Research over the last decade has been promising in terms of the incremental utility of psychometric tools in predicting important clinical outcomes, such as mental health service utilization and inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Logistic regression was initially used in a development sample (n = 253) of psychiatric patients to identify unique PAI indicators associated with inpatient (n = 75) as opposed to outpatient (n = 178) status. Five PAI variables were ultimately retained (Suicidal Ideation, Antisocial Personality-Stimulus Seeking, Paranoia-Persecution, Negative Impression Management, and Depression-Affective) and were then aggregated into a single LOCI and independently evaluated in a second validation sample (n = 252). Results indicated the LOCI effectively differentiated inpatients from outpatients after controlling for demographic variables and was significantly associated with both internalizing and externalizing risk factors for psychiatric admission (range of ds = 0.46 for history of arrests to 0.88 for history of suicidal ideation). The LOCI was additionally found to be meaningfully associated with measures of normal Personality, performance-based tests of psychological functioning, and measures of neurocognitive (executive) functioning. The clinical implications of these findings and potential utility of the LOCI are discussed.
-
Development and initial validation of a scale for detecting inconsistent responding on the Personality Assessment inventory-short form.
Journal of personality assessment, 2012Co-Authors: Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Samuel Justin Sinclair, Daniel Antonius, Andrew Shiva, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The goal of this investigation was the development of an inconsistency scale (ICN-SF) for the Personality Assessment inventory-short form (PAI-SF). In Study 1, 503 inpatient profiles were randomly assigned to a derivation or cross-validation sample. Ten correlated item pairs were identified using the derivation sample and placed on the ICN-SF. Psychometric properties of the ICN-SF total scores were comparable in the derivation and cross-validation samples. Total ICN-SF scores in both samples were significantly lower than scores obtained from computer-generated random samples. Diagnostic efficiency statistics are reported using multiple cut-off scores at various base rate estimates. ICN-SF scores greater than 8 reasonably balanced sensitivity and specificity rates. This cutoff correctly classified 92% of the random protocols and inaccurately classified 9% of the patient protocols in study 1. In study 2, PAI-SF scores from 627 forensic and civil inpatients produced similar results, effectively identifying cases with elevated scores on the full-form inconsistency scale. Overall the results of both studies suggest that the ICN-SF can aid examiners in assessing for inconsistent responding.
-
the psychometric properties of the Personality Assessment inventory short form pai sf in inpatient forensic and civil samples
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 2010Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Daniel Antonius, Andrew Shiva, Hal S Shorey, Kendra Kehlfie, Stephanie Lama, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Research focusing on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has increased substantially over the past decade. However, there has been relatively little focus on the PAI short-form (PAISF). The current study evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the PAI-SF clinical scales using participants admitted to a large northeastern hospital under forensic (N = 178) and civil (N = 320) statutes. Results indicate that the internal consistency of the PAI-SF clinical scales is adequate for both the Forensic (range of alphas: 0.74 to 0.88) and Civil (0.79 to 0.91) samples, and assumptions of item-scale convergence and divergence were generally met with some exceptions. Finally, the PAI-SF exhibited strong agreement with the full-form PAI scores overall, and at the upper extreme (T ≥ 70) of the distributions for both samples. The results are discussed in terms of how they extend prior research on the PAI-SF.
Daniel Antonius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
neuropsychological functioning and profile validity on the Personality Assessment inventory pai an investigation in multiple psychiatric settings
Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Matthew R Baity, Greg Haggerty, Julie Walshmessinger, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Psychologists in medical settings are frequently tasked with providing comprehensive evaluations of patients with complex medical and psychiatric conditions. In order to achieve these aims, standardized measures of neurocognitive and psychological functioning are often employed to empirically assess a patient's level of functioning across an array of relevant clinical domains. However, less is known about the degree to which cognitive impairment affects a patient's ability to complete these more comprehensive Assessments, raising questions about test validity. The current study sought to contribute to this growing body of literature by examining whether neurocognitive functioning is associated with profile validity on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in both outpatient (N = 321) and inpatient (N = 131) psychiatric settings. In Study 1, results indicate that while multiple cognitive domains are associated with overall profile validity in psychiatric outpatients, attentional impairment specifically was found to be a significant predictor of profile invalidity after accounting for the effects of overall intellectual functioning (accounting for 13% of the variance overall). The magnitude of attentional impairment specifically, and number of impaired cognitive domains more generally, were also found to be meaningfully associated with overall profile validity. Likewise, in Study 2, PAI profile validity was found to be meaningfully associated with gross cognitive impairment on the WMS-IV Brief Cognitive Status Examination (BCSE) in an inpatient psychiatric setting, with almost half of the patients in the most impaired group yielding invalid PAI profiles. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
-
extending the validity of the Personality Assessment inventory s pai level of care index loci in multiple psychiatric settings
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Wei Jean Chung, Michaela Smith, Rachel E Liebman, Greg Haggerty, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The purpose of this study was to extend the validity and clinical application of the Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in 2 independent psychiatric samples. In Study 1 (N = 201), the LOCI effectively differentiated level of care (inpatients from outpatients), and was also meaningfully associated with risk factors for psychiatric admission (e.g., suicidal ideation, self-harming behavior, previous psychiatric admission, etc.), even after controlling for other demographic variables (range of Cohen's ds = 0.57–1.00). Likewise, the LOCI also incremented other risk indicators (suicide and violence history) and relevant PAI indexes (i.e., Mean Clinical Elevation, and Suicide and Violence Potential) in predicting level of care, and explained an additional 6% to 12% of variance in the target variable. Diagnostic efficiency analyses indicated LOCI scores in the range of 15 to 18 optimize positive and negative predictive power, and classification rate. In Study 2 (N = 96), th...
-
development and preliminary validation of the level of care index loci from the Personality Assessment inventory pai in a psychiatric sample
Psychological Assessment, 2013Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Jenelle Slavinmulford, Johanna C Malone, Greg Haggerty, Sheila M Okeefe, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Research over the last decade has been promising in terms of the incremental utility of psychometric tools in predicting important clinical outcomes, such as mental health service utilization and inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Logistic regression was initially used in a development sample (n = 253) of psychiatric patients to identify unique PAI indicators associated with inpatient (n = 75) as opposed to outpatient (n = 178) status. Five PAI variables were ultimately retained (Suicidal Ideation, Antisocial Personality-Stimulus Seeking, Paranoia-Persecution, Negative Impression Management, and Depression-Affective) and were then aggregated into a single LOCI and independently evaluated in a second validation sample (n = 252). Results indicated the LOCI effectively differentiated inpatients from outpatients after controlling for demographic variables and was significantly associated with both internalizing and externalizing risk factors for psychiatric admission (range of ds = 0.46 for history of arrests to 0.88 for history of suicidal ideation). The LOCI was additionally found to be meaningfully associated with measures of normal Personality, performance-based tests of psychological functioning, and measures of neurocognitive (executive) functioning. The clinical implications of these findings and potential utility of the LOCI are discussed.
-
Development and initial validation of a scale for detecting inconsistent responding on the Personality Assessment inventory-short form.
Journal of personality assessment, 2012Co-Authors: Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Samuel Justin Sinclair, Daniel Antonius, Andrew Shiva, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The goal of this investigation was the development of an inconsistency scale (ICN-SF) for the Personality Assessment inventory-short form (PAI-SF). In Study 1, 503 inpatient profiles were randomly assigned to a derivation or cross-validation sample. Ten correlated item pairs were identified using the derivation sample and placed on the ICN-SF. Psychometric properties of the ICN-SF total scores were comparable in the derivation and cross-validation samples. Total ICN-SF scores in both samples were significantly lower than scores obtained from computer-generated random samples. Diagnostic efficiency statistics are reported using multiple cut-off scores at various base rate estimates. ICN-SF scores greater than 8 reasonably balanced sensitivity and specificity rates. This cutoff correctly classified 92% of the random protocols and inaccurately classified 9% of the patient protocols in study 1. In study 2, PAI-SF scores from 627 forensic and civil inpatients produced similar results, effectively identifying cases with elevated scores on the full-form inconsistency scale. Overall the results of both studies suggest that the ICN-SF can aid examiners in assessing for inconsistent responding.
-
the suicide spi and violence potential indices vpi from the Personality Assessment inventory a preliminary exploration of validity in an outpatient psychiatric sample
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 2012Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Jenelle Slavinmulford, Iruma Bello, Maren Nyer, Megan E Renna, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Assessing risk of harm to self and others is an important component of psychological Assessment, although methods for risk Assessment vary considerably. The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is frequently administered to evaluate general psychological functioning, as well as to provide information about suicide and violence risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of the PAI Suicide (SPI) and Violence Potential (VPI) indices in a sample of 158 psychiatric outpatients referred for psychological and neuropsychological Assessment within a large northeastern academic medical center between 2007 and 2011. Results generally supported the convergent and divergent validity of both SPI and VPI when evaluating groups with and without a history of suicide and violence risk, and effect sizes were moderate to large even after controlling for other covariates. SPI and VPI scores were also found to vary significantly across different psychiatric groups in ways that would be expected. Finally, we explored the relationship between SPI and VPI, and executive functioning impairment—a neuropsychological variable found to be associated with impulsive self and other-harming behaviors. Consistent with prior research, SPI and VPI were found to be significantly elevated in groups demonstrating executive dysfunction. The implications of these findings and specifically the utility of using SPI and VPI in the Assessment of risk are discussed.
Michelle B. Stein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the empirically derived violence and aggression risk index from the Personality Assessment inventory development validation and application in general psychiatric settings
Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, 2017Co-Authors: Michael J Roche, Michelle B. Stein, Samuel Justin Sinclair, Christy A Denckla, Wei Jean Chung, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The current study developed a new index of violence risk from scales within the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Clinical patients from inpatient and outpatient settings completed the PAI along with reports of violence history and arrest record. A forward-selection hierarchical logistic regression was employed (N = 388) to identify the PAI scales (AGG-P, AGG-A, NON, PAR-H, and ANT-A) that could effectively distinguish patients with and without a history of violence. These indicators were then aggregated into a single index, labeled the Violence and Aggression Risk Index (VARI). The VARI modestly incremented other PAI subscales and indices in an independent clinical sample (N = 387). The authors discuss how the VARI can be incorporated with the other PAI scales to assess violence risk.
-
evaluating chronic suicide risk with the Personality Assessment inventory development and initial validation of the chronic suicide risk index s_chron
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Michelle B. Stein, Michael J Roche, Wei Jean Chung, Christina M Temes, Christina N Massey, Laura Richardson, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The current study sought to develop and validate a new measure of chronic suicide risk (the S_Chron) from the Personality Assessment Inventory in a mixed sample of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. In an initial development sample (N=397), hierarchical logistic regression identified six PAI variables uniquely associated with multiple versus single/no prior suicide attempts after controlling for sample demographics: Negative Impression Management, Situational Stress, Mania - Grandiosity, Borderline - Negative Relationships, Borderline - Self-Harm, and Antisocial Behaviors. These indicators were then aggregated into a single index (S_Chron) and evaluated in terms of validity in an independent clinical sample (N=398). Results indicated the S_Chron effectively differentiated between groups with multiple versus single/no prior suicide attempts, even after controlling for the effects of the PAI Suicidal Ideation (SUI) and Suicide Potential (SPI) indices, with moderate to large effect sizes observed (range of Cohen's d's=0.30-0.91). Further, the S_Chron incremented all other PAI indices and SUI in predicting multiple suicide attempts. The potential clinical application and ways in which the S_Chron may augment other existing measures of suicide risk are discussed.
-
neuropsychological functioning and profile validity on the Personality Assessment inventory pai an investigation in multiple psychiatric settings
Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Matthew R Baity, Greg Haggerty, Julie Walshmessinger, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Psychologists in medical settings are frequently tasked with providing comprehensive evaluations of patients with complex medical and psychiatric conditions. In order to achieve these aims, standardized measures of neurocognitive and psychological functioning are often employed to empirically assess a patient's level of functioning across an array of relevant clinical domains. However, less is known about the degree to which cognitive impairment affects a patient's ability to complete these more comprehensive Assessments, raising questions about test validity. The current study sought to contribute to this growing body of literature by examining whether neurocognitive functioning is associated with profile validity on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in both outpatient (N = 321) and inpatient (N = 131) psychiatric settings. In Study 1, results indicate that while multiple cognitive domains are associated with overall profile validity in psychiatric outpatients, attentional impairment specifically was found to be a significant predictor of profile invalidity after accounting for the effects of overall intellectual functioning (accounting for 13% of the variance overall). The magnitude of attentional impairment specifically, and number of impaired cognitive domains more generally, were also found to be meaningfully associated with overall profile validity. Likewise, in Study 2, PAI profile validity was found to be meaningfully associated with gross cognitive impairment on the WMS-IV Brief Cognitive Status Examination (BCSE) in an inpatient psychiatric setting, with almost half of the patients in the most impaired group yielding invalid PAI profiles. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
-
extending the validity of the Personality Assessment inventory s pai level of care index loci in multiple psychiatric settings
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Wei Jean Chung, Michaela Smith, Rachel E Liebman, Greg Haggerty, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:The purpose of this study was to extend the validity and clinical application of the Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in 2 independent psychiatric samples. In Study 1 (N = 201), the LOCI effectively differentiated level of care (inpatients from outpatients), and was also meaningfully associated with risk factors for psychiatric admission (e.g., suicidal ideation, self-harming behavior, previous psychiatric admission, etc.), even after controlling for other demographic variables (range of Cohen's ds = 0.57–1.00). Likewise, the LOCI also incremented other risk indicators (suicide and violence history) and relevant PAI indexes (i.e., Mean Clinical Elevation, and Suicide and Violence Potential) in predicting level of care, and explained an additional 6% to 12% of variance in the target variable. Diagnostic efficiency analyses indicated LOCI scores in the range of 15 to 18 optimize positive and negative predictive power, and classification rate. In Study 2 (N = 96), th...
-
development and preliminary validation of the level of care index loci from the Personality Assessment inventory pai in a psychiatric sample
Psychological Assessment, 2013Co-Authors: Samuel Justin Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Michelle B. Stein, Daniel Antonius, Jenelle Slavinmulford, Johanna C Malone, Greg Haggerty, Sheila M Okeefe, Mark A. BlaisAbstract:Research over the last decade has been promising in terms of the incremental utility of psychometric tools in predicting important clinical outcomes, such as mental health service utilization and inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new Level of Care Index (LOCI) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Logistic regression was initially used in a development sample (n = 253) of psychiatric patients to identify unique PAI indicators associated with inpatient (n = 75) as opposed to outpatient (n = 178) status. Five PAI variables were ultimately retained (Suicidal Ideation, Antisocial Personality-Stimulus Seeking, Paranoia-Persecution, Negative Impression Management, and Depression-Affective) and were then aggregated into a single LOCI and independently evaluated in a second validation sample (n = 252). Results indicated the LOCI effectively differentiated inpatients from outpatients after controlling for demographic variables and was significantly associated with both internalizing and externalizing risk factors for psychiatric admission (range of ds = 0.46 for history of arrests to 0.88 for history of suicidal ideation). The LOCI was additionally found to be meaningfully associated with measures of normal Personality, performance-based tests of psychological functioning, and measures of neurocognitive (executive) functioning. The clinical implications of these findings and potential utility of the LOCI are discussed.