The Experts below are selected from a list of 36 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Michael C. Ashton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chapter 12 – Religion and Politics
    Individual Differences and Personality, 2020
    Co-Authors: Michael C. Ashton
    Abstract:

    In this chapter we will consider religion and politics—two topics that you are not supposed to discuss in polite company. These topics are the source of much passion and conflict in people's lives, and they are of great interest to Psychologists. For the Personality Psychologist, several major questions come to mind. What are the main ways in which people differ in their religious beliefs and political attitudes? How are those beliefs and attitudes related to Personality characteristics? Why do people differ so sharply in their religious and political orientations?

  • Religion and Politics
    Individual Differences and Personality, 2020
    Co-Authors: Michael C. Ashton
    Abstract:

    In this chapter we will consider religion and politics—two topics that you are not supposed to discuss in polite company. These topics are the source of much passion and conflict in people’s lives, but they are also of great interest to Psychologists. For the Personality Psychologist, several major questions come to mind. What are the main ways in which people differ in their religious beliefs and political attitudes? How are those beliefs and attitudes related to Personality characteristics? Why do people differ so sharply in their religious and political orientations?

Jana Uher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • conceiving Personality Psychologist s challenges and basic fundamentals of the transdisciplinary philosophy of science paradigm for research on individuals
    Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jana Uher
    Abstract:

    Scientists exploring individuals, as such scientists are individuals themselves and thus not independent from their objects of research, encounter profound challenges; in particular, high risks for anthropo-, ethno- and ego-centric biases and various fallacies in reasoning. The Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals (TPS-Paradigm) aims to tackle these challenges by exploring and making explicit the philosophical presuppositions that are being made and the metatheories and methodologies that are used in the field. This article introduces basic fundamentals of the TPS-Paradigm including the epistemological principle of complementarity and metatheoretical concepts for exploring individuals as living organisms. Centrally, the TPS-Paradigm considers three metatheoretical properties (spatial location in relation to individuals’ bodies, temporal extension, and physicality versus “non-physicality”) that can be conceived in different forms for various kinds of phenomena explored in individuals (morphology, physiology, behaviour, the psyche, semiotic representations, artificially modified outer appearances and contexts). These properties, as they determine the phenomena’s accessibility in everyday life and research, are used to elaborate philosophy-of-science foundations and to derive general methodological implications for the elementary problem of phenomenon-methodology matching and for scientific quantification of the various kinds of phenomena studied. On the basis of these foundations, the article explores the metatheories and methodologies that are used or needed to empirically study each given kind of phenomenon in individuals in general. Building on these general implications, the article derives special implications for exploring individuals’ “Personality”, which the TPS-Paradigm conceives of as individual-specificity in all of the various kinds of phenomena studied in individuals.

Chris C. Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Genetic Overlap and Distinctiveness of Flourishing and the Big Five Personality Traits
    Journal of Happiness Studies, 2015
    Co-Authors: Corey L. M. Keyes, Kenneth S. Kendler, John M. Myers, Chris C. Martin
    Abstract:

    The growing evidence that subjective well-being (SWB) produces an array of beneficial outcomes has increased requests for recommendations on how to promote it. Evidence that all of SWB’s genetic variance overlaps with Personality led to the strong claim that it is a ‘Personality thing’ and that Personality is the strongest predictor of SWB. However, studies do not include a comprehensive assessment that reflects eudaimonic as well as hedonic SWB. We revisit the question of SWB’s complete overlap with Personality employing the tripartite model—emotional, psychological, and social—of SWB that, together, reflect Keyes’ ( 2002 ) model of flourishing. Data are from the Midlife in the United States national sample of 1,386 twins. Analyses were done using Mx to test Cholesky decomposition models and a two latent factor common pathway model. One-third of the total (72 %) heritability of flourishing and 40 % of its environmental variability are distinct from the big-five Personality traits. We also find a low phenotypic association (mean r = .22) between the three dimensions of SWB and big-five Personality traits despite substantial shared genetic etiology. In addition to non-trivial amounts of distinctive genetic and environmental variance and low phenotypic correlation, we point to limited investigation of reciprocal causation of SWB and Personality. Psychologist should not yet conclude that SWB is a ‘Personality thing’ anymore than Personality might be a ‘well-being thing’.

Corey L. M. Keyes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Genetic Overlap and Distinctiveness of Flourishing and the Big Five Personality Traits
    Journal of Happiness Studies, 2015
    Co-Authors: Corey L. M. Keyes, Kenneth S. Kendler, John M. Myers, Chris C. Martin
    Abstract:

    The growing evidence that subjective well-being (SWB) produces an array of beneficial outcomes has increased requests for recommendations on how to promote it. Evidence that all of SWB’s genetic variance overlaps with Personality led to the strong claim that it is a ‘Personality thing’ and that Personality is the strongest predictor of SWB. However, studies do not include a comprehensive assessment that reflects eudaimonic as well as hedonic SWB. We revisit the question of SWB’s complete overlap with Personality employing the tripartite model—emotional, psychological, and social—of SWB that, together, reflect Keyes’ ( 2002 ) model of flourishing. Data are from the Midlife in the United States national sample of 1,386 twins. Analyses were done using Mx to test Cholesky decomposition models and a two latent factor common pathway model. One-third of the total (72 %) heritability of flourishing and 40 % of its environmental variability are distinct from the big-five Personality traits. We also find a low phenotypic association (mean r = .22) between the three dimensions of SWB and big-five Personality traits despite substantial shared genetic etiology. In addition to non-trivial amounts of distinctive genetic and environmental variance and low phenotypic correlation, we point to limited investigation of reciprocal causation of SWB and Personality. Psychologist should not yet conclude that SWB is a ‘Personality thing’ anymore than Personality might be a ‘well-being thing’.

John M. Myers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Genetic Overlap and Distinctiveness of Flourishing and the Big Five Personality Traits
    Journal of Happiness Studies, 2015
    Co-Authors: Corey L. M. Keyes, Kenneth S. Kendler, John M. Myers, Chris C. Martin
    Abstract:

    The growing evidence that subjective well-being (SWB) produces an array of beneficial outcomes has increased requests for recommendations on how to promote it. Evidence that all of SWB’s genetic variance overlaps with Personality led to the strong claim that it is a ‘Personality thing’ and that Personality is the strongest predictor of SWB. However, studies do not include a comprehensive assessment that reflects eudaimonic as well as hedonic SWB. We revisit the question of SWB’s complete overlap with Personality employing the tripartite model—emotional, psychological, and social—of SWB that, together, reflect Keyes’ ( 2002 ) model of flourishing. Data are from the Midlife in the United States national sample of 1,386 twins. Analyses were done using Mx to test Cholesky decomposition models and a two latent factor common pathway model. One-third of the total (72 %) heritability of flourishing and 40 % of its environmental variability are distinct from the big-five Personality traits. We also find a low phenotypic association (mean r = .22) between the three dimensions of SWB and big-five Personality traits despite substantial shared genetic etiology. In addition to non-trivial amounts of distinctive genetic and environmental variance and low phenotypic correlation, we point to limited investigation of reciprocal causation of SWB and Personality. Psychologist should not yet conclude that SWB is a ‘Personality thing’ anymore than Personality might be a ‘well-being thing’.