The Experts below are selected from a list of 36 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Johannes Kiefer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Stella Corsetti, Florian M. Zehentbauer, David Mcgloin, Johannes Kiefer
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fuels for automotive propulsion are frequently blends of conventional gasoline and ethanol. However, the effects of adding an alcohol to a Petrochemical Fuel are yet to be fully understood. We report Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of ethanol/gasoline mixtures with systematically varied composition. Frequency shifts and excess infrared absorbance are analyzed in order to investigate the mixture behavior at the molecular level. The spectroscopic data suggest that the hydrogen bonding between ethanol molecules is weakened upon gasoline addition, but the hydrogen bonds do not disappear. This can be explained by a formation of small ethanol clusters that interact via Van der Waals forces with the surrounding gasoline molecules. Furthermore, approaches for measuring the chemical composition of ethanol/gasoline blends by FTIR are discussed. For a simplistic approach based on the Beer–Lambert relation, an optimized set of parameters for quantitative measurements are determined. The best compromise between measurement sensitivity and accuracy is found for the CO stretching mode of the alcohol. For the traditional method of calibrating the ratio of integrated band intensities of the CH and OH stretching regions it is found that narrowing the spectral window of the CH stretch can significantly improve the measurement sensitivity.

Stella Corsetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Stella Corsetti, Florian M. Zehentbauer, David Mcgloin, Johannes Kiefer
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fuels for automotive propulsion are frequently blends of conventional gasoline and ethanol. However, the effects of adding an alcohol to a Petrochemical Fuel are yet to be fully understood. We report Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of ethanol/gasoline mixtures with systematically varied composition. Frequency shifts and excess infrared absorbance are analyzed in order to investigate the mixture behavior at the molecular level. The spectroscopic data suggest that the hydrogen bonding between ethanol molecules is weakened upon gasoline addition, but the hydrogen bonds do not disappear. This can be explained by a formation of small ethanol clusters that interact via Van der Waals forces with the surrounding gasoline molecules. Furthermore, approaches for measuring the chemical composition of ethanol/gasoline blends by FTIR are discussed. For a simplistic approach based on the Beer–Lambert relation, an optimized set of parameters for quantitative measurements are determined. The best compromise between measurement sensitivity and accuracy is found for the CO stretching mode of the alcohol. For the traditional method of calibrating the ratio of integrated band intensities of the CH and OH stretching regions it is found that narrowing the spectral window of the CH stretch can significantly improve the measurement sensitivity.

Florian M. Zehentbauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Stella Corsetti, Florian M. Zehentbauer, David Mcgloin, Johannes Kiefer
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fuels for automotive propulsion are frequently blends of conventional gasoline and ethanol. However, the effects of adding an alcohol to a Petrochemical Fuel are yet to be fully understood. We report Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of ethanol/gasoline mixtures with systematically varied composition. Frequency shifts and excess infrared absorbance are analyzed in order to investigate the mixture behavior at the molecular level. The spectroscopic data suggest that the hydrogen bonding between ethanol molecules is weakened upon gasoline addition, but the hydrogen bonds do not disappear. This can be explained by a formation of small ethanol clusters that interact via Van der Waals forces with the surrounding gasoline molecules. Furthermore, approaches for measuring the chemical composition of ethanol/gasoline blends by FTIR are discussed. For a simplistic approach based on the Beer–Lambert relation, an optimized set of parameters for quantitative measurements are determined. The best compromise between measurement sensitivity and accuracy is found for the CO stretching mode of the alcohol. For the traditional method of calibrating the ratio of integrated band intensities of the CH and OH stretching regions it is found that narrowing the spectral window of the CH stretch can significantly improve the measurement sensitivity.

David Mcgloin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Stella Corsetti, Florian M. Zehentbauer, David Mcgloin, Johannes Kiefer
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fuels for automotive propulsion are frequently blends of conventional gasoline and ethanol. However, the effects of adding an alcohol to a Petrochemical Fuel are yet to be fully understood. We report Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of ethanol/gasoline mixtures with systematically varied composition. Frequency shifts and excess infrared absorbance are analyzed in order to investigate the mixture behavior at the molecular level. The spectroscopic data suggest that the hydrogen bonding between ethanol molecules is weakened upon gasoline addition, but the hydrogen bonds do not disappear. This can be explained by a formation of small ethanol clusters that interact via Van der Waals forces with the surrounding gasoline molecules. Furthermore, approaches for measuring the chemical composition of ethanol/gasoline blends by FTIR are discussed. For a simplistic approach based on the Beer–Lambert relation, an optimized set of parameters for quantitative measurements are determined. The best compromise between measurement sensitivity and accuracy is found for the CO stretching mode of the alcohol. For the traditional method of calibrating the ratio of integrated band intensities of the CH and OH stretching regions it is found that narrowing the spectral window of the CH stretch can significantly improve the measurement sensitivity.

John Joseph Carroll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Acid Gas Injection and Related Technologies - Limitations And Challenges Associated With The Disposal Of Mercaptan‐Rich Acid Gas Streams By Injection ‐ A Case Study
    Acid Gas Injection and Related Technologies, 2011
    Co-Authors: John Joseph Carroll
    Abstract:

    As oil and gas reserves become depleted, producers are increasingly driven to process difficult or unconventional Petrochemical Fuel sources to sell to the market in order to meet rising demand. One such source is the production of sour gas wells that contain high levels of mercaptan (thiol) species. In sour gas processing applications, a waste acid gas stream (ie. a stream containing high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide) is produced as an effluent stream in the gas sweetening unit. Generally speaking, when these volumes are relatively low (less than 5 MMSCFD or less than 20 t/d sulphur equivalent), a suitable method of waste handling of the stream is by injection to a wellbore formation. Acid gas injection is a mature technology with over 50 applications in Western Canada and another 20 around the world. In the application where mercaptan-rich sour gas wells are produced, the resultant effluent stream from a gas sweetening process will be one that contains high levels of H2S, CO2, mercaptans and hydrocarbons. While investigating the ability to dispose this stream in a similar manner to that of a typical acid gas injection scheme, a number of challenges have been identified. These challenges stem from three main sources. First, little experimental data is available with regards to phase equilibrium, water content, hydrate formation conditions, and transport properties of both pure mercaptan species and mercaptan mixtures. Second, current simulation programs used for process design can employ poor assumptions or contradictory data in generating the models. And third, even when these programs are used to generate results around the injection scheme, several additional issues are revealed which requires attention. These issues are investigated in a hypothetical case study, comparing the injection of a mercaptan-rich acid gas stream to a conventional acid gas stream.