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K J Frost - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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migratory culture population structure and stock identity in north pacific beluga whales delphinapterus leucas
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Greg Ocorrycrowe, Robert Suydam, Lori T Quakenbush, Brooke Potgieter, Lois A Harwood, Dennis Litovka, Tatiana Ferrer, John J Citta, Vladimir N Burkanov, K J FrostAbstract:The annual return of beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, to traditional seasonal locations across the Arctic may involve migratory culture, while the convergence of discrete summering aggregations on common wintering grounds may facilitate outbreeding. Natal Philopatry and cultural inheritance, however, has been difficult to assess as earlier studies were of too short a duration, while genetic analyses of breeding patterns, especially across the beluga’s Pacific range, have been hampered by inadequate sampling and sparse information on wintering areas. Using a much expanded sample and genetic marker set comprising 1,647 whales, spanning more than two decades and encompassing all major coastal summering aggregations in the Pacific Ocean, we found evolutionary-level divergence among three geographic regions: the Gulf of Alaska, the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas, and the Sea of Okhotsk (Φst = 0.11–0.32, Rst = 0.09–0.13), and likely demographic independence of (Fst-mtDNA = 0.02–0.66), and in many cases limited gene flow (Fst-nDNA = 0.0–0.02; K = 5–6) among, summering groups within regions. Assignment tests identified few immigrants within summering aggregations, linked migrating groups to specific summering areas, and found that some migratory corridors comprise whales from multiple subpopulations (PBAYES = 0.31:0.69). Further, dispersal is male-biased and substantial numbers of closely related whales congregate together at coastal summering areas. Stable patterns of heterogeneity between areas and consistently high proportions (~20%) of close kin (including parent-offspring) sampled up to 20 years apart within areas (G = 0.2–2.9, p>0.5) is the first direct evidence of natal Philopatry to migration destinations in belugas. Using recent satellite telemetry findings on belugas we found that the spatial proximity of winter ranges has a greater influence on the degree of both individual and genetic exchange than summer ranges (rwinter-Fst-mtDNA = 0.9, rsummer-Fst-nDNA = 0.1). These findings indicate widespread natal Philopatry to summering aggregation and entire migratory circuits, and provide compelling evidence that migratory culture and kinship helps maintain demographically discrete beluga stocks that can overlap in time and space.
Carlos Camacho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early age at first breeding and high natal Philopatry in the red necked nightjar caprimulgus ruficollis
Ibis, 2014Co-Authors: Carlos CamachoAbstract:Recruitment rates, natal Philopatry and the onset of breeding activity are documented for the first time for the order Caprimulgiformes. Of 171 Red-necked Nightjars Caprimulgus ruficollis ringed as fledglings in southwestern Spain between 2008 and 2011, 31 (18%) were later recovered. Females tended to disperse slightly further (680 m) than males (570 m), and no individual from the study site or nearby locations was ever recovered outside the area where it hatched, suggesting high natal Philopatry. Most males (94%) and females (73%) recruited into the breeding population in their first year of life, and only a few individuals were not recovered until their second (10%) or third (7%) year of life. In contrast to most long-lived birds, nearly all (95.5%) Red-necked Nightjars started to reproduce in their first potential breeding season.
Andrew J Bohonak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DOI 10.1007/s00227-007-0714-0RESEARCH ARTICLE Genetic structure of leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) populations in California waters
2015Co-Authors: Andrew J BohonakAbstract:Abstract The leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) is an important predator in coastal marine ecosystems of Califor-nia, targeted by recreational and commercial Wshermen and of speciWc interest in Wsheries management. From October 2003 to August 2006, 169 leopard sharks were collected from the coast of California (between 40.750°N and 32.678°N) and analyzed for mitochondrial and nuclear genetic structure. Analyses of mtDNA control region sequences revealed relatively low levels of genetic variation (Wve haplotypes, average pairwise divergence = 0.0067). In contrast, leopard sharks were highly polymorphic for inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), which characterize a broad range of the nuclear genome. The null hypothesis of panmixia in California waters was rejected for both genetic markers, and ISSRs displayed a statistically signiWcant pat-tern of isolation by distance (IBD) across the species range (P = 0.002). A variety of analyses showed that divergence is most pronounced in the northernmost population of Humboldt Bay. Natal Philopatry in T. semifasciata was tested using Siegel-Tukey tests on data partitioned by breeding site status, and sex-speciWc Philopatry was tested by comparing IBD plots between sexes. Although there was some evidence for natal Philopatry in leopard sharks (P = 0.038), and population divergence may be related to the proximity of breeding sites (P = 0.064), we found no support for sex-speciWc Philopatry. In addition to identify-ing a novel set of highly variable genetic markers for use in shark population studies, these results may be used to better inform management decisions for leopard sharks in Califor-nia
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Genetic structure of leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) populations in California waters
2015Co-Authors: Andrew J BohonakAbstract:Abstract The leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) is an important predator in coastal marine ecosystems of Califor-nia, targeted by recreational and commercial Wshermen and of speciWc interest in Wsheries management. From October 2003 to August 2006, 169 leopard sharks were collected from the coast of California (between 40.750°N and 32.678°N) and analyzed for mitochondrial and nuclear genetic structure. Analyses of mtDNA control region sequences revealed relatively low levels of genetic variation (Wve haplotypes, average pairwise divergence! = 0.0067). In contrast, leopard sharks were highly polymorphic for inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), which characterize a broad range of the nuclear genome. The null hypothesis of panmixia in California waters was rejected for both genetic markers, and ISSRs displayed a statistically signiWcant pat-tern of isolation by distance (IBD) across the species range (P = 0.002). A variety of analyses showed that divergence is most pronounced in the northernmost population of Humboldt Bay. Natal Philopatry in T. semifasciata was tested using Siegel-Tukey tests on data partitioned by breeding site status, and sex-speciWc Philopatry was tested by comparing IBD plots between sexes. Although there was some evidence for natal Philopatry in leopard sharks (P = 0.038), and population divergence may be related to the proximity of breeding sites (P = 0.064), we found no support for sex-speciWc Philopatry. In addition to identify-ing a novel set of highly variable genetic markers for use in shark population studies, these results may be used to better inform management decisions for leopard sharks in Califor-nia
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genetic structure of leopard shark triakis semifasciata populations in california waters
Marine Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Todd W Anderson, Eric A Lewallen, Andrew J BohonakAbstract:The leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) is an important predator in coastal marine ecosystems of California, targeted by recreational and commercial fishermen and of specific interest in fisheries management. From October 2003 to August 2006, 169 leopard sharks were collected from the coast of California (between 40.750°N and 32.678°N) and analyzed for mitochondrial and nuclear genetic structure. Analyses of mtDNA control region sequences revealed relatively low levels of genetic variation (five haplotypes, average pairwise divergence π = 0.0067). In contrast, leopard sharks were highly polymorphic for inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), which characterize a broad range of the nuclear genome. The null hypothesis of panmixia in California waters was rejected for both genetic markers, and ISSRs displayed a statistically significant pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) across the species range (P = 0.002). A variety of analyses showed that divergence is most pronounced in the northernmost population of Humboldt Bay. Natal Philopatry in T. semifasciata was tested using Siegel-Tukey tests on data partitioned by breeding site status, and sex-specific Philopatry was tested by comparing IBD plots between sexes. Although there was some evidence for natal Philopatry in leopard sharks (P = 0.038), and population divergence may be related to the proximity of breeding sites (P = 0.064), we found no support for sex-specific Philopatry. In addition to identifying a novel set of highly variable genetic markers for use in shark population studies, these results may be used to better inform management decisions for leopard sharks in California.
Eric A Lewallen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic structure of leopard shark triakis semifasciata populations in california waters
Marine Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Todd W Anderson, Eric A Lewallen, Andrew J BohonakAbstract:The leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) is an important predator in coastal marine ecosystems of California, targeted by recreational and commercial fishermen and of specific interest in fisheries management. From October 2003 to August 2006, 169 leopard sharks were collected from the coast of California (between 40.750°N and 32.678°N) and analyzed for mitochondrial and nuclear genetic structure. Analyses of mtDNA control region sequences revealed relatively low levels of genetic variation (five haplotypes, average pairwise divergence π = 0.0067). In contrast, leopard sharks were highly polymorphic for inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), which characterize a broad range of the nuclear genome. The null hypothesis of panmixia in California waters was rejected for both genetic markers, and ISSRs displayed a statistically significant pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) across the species range (P = 0.002). A variety of analyses showed that divergence is most pronounced in the northernmost population of Humboldt Bay. Natal Philopatry in T. semifasciata was tested using Siegel-Tukey tests on data partitioned by breeding site status, and sex-specific Philopatry was tested by comparing IBD plots between sexes. Although there was some evidence for natal Philopatry in leopard sharks (P = 0.038), and population divergence may be related to the proximity of breeding sites (P = 0.064), we found no support for sex-specific Philopatry. In addition to identifying a novel set of highly variable genetic markers for use in shark population studies, these results may be used to better inform management decisions for leopard sharks in California.
Markus Zottl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth affects dispersal success in social mole rats but not the duration of Philopatry
Biology Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Miquel Torrentstico, Nigel C Bennett, Jennifer U M Jarvis, Markus ZottlAbstract:In naked mole-rats ( Heterocephalus glaber ), some non-breeding males show faster growth and are more likely to disperse than others. These differences have been suggested to be the result of a specialized developmental strategy leading to shorter Philopatry and independent breeding, as opposed to extended Philopatry as non-reproductive helpers. However, it is unclear whether fast-growing males disperse sooner than slow-growing males. An alternative explanation is that variation in quality between individuals causes high-quality individuals to grow quickly and maximize dispersal success without reducing Philopatry. Here we show that in Damaraland mole-rats ( Fukomys damarensis ), males that subsequently disperse successfully grow faster than other non-reproductive males. This pattern is predicted by both hypotheses and does not discriminate between them. However, contrary to the suggestion that faster growth represents a developmental specialization for early dispersal, fast-growing and slow-growing males remained equally long in their natal groups. Our study provides no evidence for adaptive divergence in male development leading either to early dispersal or extended Philopatry. Instead of representing specialized dispersers, fast-growing males of this species may be high-quality individuals.