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Thomas J Smyth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The chemical and antioxidant stability of isolated low molecular weight Phlorotannins.
2016Co-Authors: D.a. Kirke, Thomas J Smyth, Dilip K. Rai, Owen Kenny, Dagmar B StengelAbstract:Abstract Due to their high anti-oxidant activity, Phlorotannins represent potential natural alternatives to synthetic preservatives currently used within the food industry. However, their successful integration into food products requires research into their chemical integrity, particularly when selecting appropriate storage conditions. Subsequently, this study aims to investigate the stability of low molecular weight phlorotannin fractions from Fucus vesiculosus (L.). Powder and aqueous fractions were stored under five different conditions for 10 weeks. Phlorotannin stability was determined using Q-ToF-MS and UPLC-TQD-MS/MS and a DPPH assay. After 10 weeks of storage, fractions suspended in an aqueous matrix underwent oxidation when exposed to continuous atmospheric oxygen and thermal degradation when exposed to a constant temperature of 50 °C, resulting in decreases in radical scavenging activity (p
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profiling of the molecular weight and structural isomer abundance of macroalgae derived Phlorotannins
2015Co-Authors: Natalie Heffernan, Nigel P Brunton, Richard J Fitzgerald, Thomas J SmythAbstract:Phlorotannins are a group of complex polymers of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) unique to macroalgae. These phenolic compounds are integral structural components of the cell wall in brown algae, but also play many secondary ecological roles such as protection from UV radiation and defense against grazing. This study employed Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry to investigate isomeric complexity and observed differences in Phlorotannins derived from macroalgae harvested off the Irish coast (Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Himanthalia elongata and Cystoseira nodicaulis). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content assays were used as an index for producing phlorotannin fractions, enriched using molecular weight cut-off dialysis with subsequent flash chromatography to profile phlorotannin isomers in these macroalgae. These fractions were profiled using UPLC-MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and the level of isomerization for specific molecular weight Phlorotannins between 3 and 16 monomers were determined. The majority of the low molecular weight (LMW) Phlorotannins were found to have a molecular weight range equivalent to 4–12 monomers of phloroglucinol. The level of isomerization within the individual macroalgal species differed, resulting in substantially different numbers of phlorotannin isomers for particular molecular weights. F. vesiculosus had the highest number of isomers of 61 at one specific molecular mass, corresponding to 12 phloroglucinol units (PGUs). These results highlight the complex nature of these extracts and emphasize the challenges involved in structural elucidation of these compounds.
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uplc ms profiling of low molecular weight phlorotannin polymers in ascophyllum nodosum pelvetia canaliculata and fucus spiralis
2014Co-Authors: Michelle S Tierney, Anna Solervila, Anna K Croft, Nigel P Brunton, Thomas J SmythAbstract:Phlorotannins are a group of complex polymers, found in particular brown macroalgae, composed solely of the monomer phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). Their structural complexity arises from the number of possible linkage positions between each monomer unit. This study aimed to profile the phlorotannin metabolite composition and the complexity of isomerisation present in brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata and Fucus spiralis using UPLC-MS utilising a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. Phlorotannin-enriched fractions from water and aqueous ethanol extracts were analysed by UPLC-MS performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode to detect molecular ions consistent with the molecular weights of Phlorotannins. Ascophyllum nodosum and P. canaliculata appeared to contain predominantly larger Phlorotannins (degree of polymerisation (DP) of 6–13 monomers) compared to F. spiralis (DP of 4–6 monomers). This is the first report observing the complex chromatographic separation and metabolomic profiling of low molecular weight Phlorotannins consisting of more than ten monomers. Extracted ion chromatograms, for each of the MRM transitions, for each species were analysed to profile the level of isomerisation for specific molecular weights of Phlorotannins between 3 and 16 monomers. The level of phlorotannin isomerisation within the extracts of the individual macroalgal species differed to some degree, resulting in substantially different numbers of phlorotannin isomers for particular molecular weights. A similar UPLC-MS/MS separation procedure, as outlined in this study, may be used in the future as a means of screening the metabolite profile of macroalgal extracts, therefore, allowing extract consistency to be monitored for standardisation purposes.
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uplc ms profiling of low molecular weight phlorotannin polymers in ascophyllum nodosum pelvetia canaliculata and fucus spiralis
2014Co-Authors: Michelle S Tierney, Anna Solervila, Anna K Croft, Nigel P Brunton, Thomas J SmythAbstract:Phlorotannins are a group of complex polymers, found in particular brown macroalgae, composed solely of the monomer phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). Their structural complexity arises from the number of possible linkage positions between each monomer unit. This study aimed to profile the phlorotannin metabolite composition and the complexity of isomerisation present in brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata and Fucus spiralis using UPLC-MS utilising a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. Phlorotannin-enriched fractions from water and aqueous ethanol extracts were analysed by UPLC-MS performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode to detect molecular ions consistent with the molecular weights of Phlorotannins. Ascophyllum nodosum and P. canaliculata appeared to contain predominantly larger Phlorotannins (degree of polymerisation (DP) of 6–13 monomers) compared to F. spiralis (DP of 4–6 monomers). This is the first report observing the complex chromatographic separation and metabolomic profiling of low molecular weight Phlorotannins consisting of more than ten monomers. Extracted ion chromatograms, for each of the MRM transitions, for each species were analysed to profile the level of isomerisation for specific molecular weights of Phlorotannins between 3 and 16 monomers. The level of phlorotannin isomerisation within the extracts of the individual macroalgal species differed to some degree, resulting in substantially different numbers of phlorotannin isomers for particular molecular weights. A similar UPLC-MS/MS separation procedure, as outlined in this study, may be used in the future as a means of screening the metabolite profile of macroalgal extracts, therefore, allowing extract consistency to be monitored for standardisation purposes.
Michelle S Tierney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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uplc ms profiling of low molecular weight phlorotannin polymers in ascophyllum nodosum pelvetia canaliculata and fucus spiralis
2014Co-Authors: Michelle S Tierney, Anna Solervila, Anna K Croft, Nigel P Brunton, Thomas J SmythAbstract:Phlorotannins are a group of complex polymers, found in particular brown macroalgae, composed solely of the monomer phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). Their structural complexity arises from the number of possible linkage positions between each monomer unit. This study aimed to profile the phlorotannin metabolite composition and the complexity of isomerisation present in brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata and Fucus spiralis using UPLC-MS utilising a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. Phlorotannin-enriched fractions from water and aqueous ethanol extracts were analysed by UPLC-MS performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode to detect molecular ions consistent with the molecular weights of Phlorotannins. Ascophyllum nodosum and P. canaliculata appeared to contain predominantly larger Phlorotannins (degree of polymerisation (DP) of 6–13 monomers) compared to F. spiralis (DP of 4–6 monomers). This is the first report observing the complex chromatographic separation and metabolomic profiling of low molecular weight Phlorotannins consisting of more than ten monomers. Extracted ion chromatograms, for each of the MRM transitions, for each species were analysed to profile the level of isomerisation for specific molecular weights of Phlorotannins between 3 and 16 monomers. The level of phlorotannin isomerisation within the extracts of the individual macroalgal species differed to some degree, resulting in substantially different numbers of phlorotannin isomers for particular molecular weights. A similar UPLC-MS/MS separation procedure, as outlined in this study, may be used in the future as a means of screening the metabolite profile of macroalgal extracts, therefore, allowing extract consistency to be monitored for standardisation purposes.
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uplc ms profiling of low molecular weight phlorotannin polymers in ascophyllum nodosum pelvetia canaliculata and fucus spiralis
2014Co-Authors: Michelle S Tierney, Anna Solervila, Anna K Croft, Nigel P Brunton, Thomas J SmythAbstract:Phlorotannins are a group of complex polymers, found in particular brown macroalgae, composed solely of the monomer phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). Their structural complexity arises from the number of possible linkage positions between each monomer unit. This study aimed to profile the phlorotannin metabolite composition and the complexity of isomerisation present in brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata and Fucus spiralis using UPLC-MS utilising a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. Phlorotannin-enriched fractions from water and aqueous ethanol extracts were analysed by UPLC-MS performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode to detect molecular ions consistent with the molecular weights of Phlorotannins. Ascophyllum nodosum and P. canaliculata appeared to contain predominantly larger Phlorotannins (degree of polymerisation (DP) of 6–13 monomers) compared to F. spiralis (DP of 4–6 monomers). This is the first report observing the complex chromatographic separation and metabolomic profiling of low molecular weight Phlorotannins consisting of more than ten monomers. Extracted ion chromatograms, for each of the MRM transitions, for each species were analysed to profile the level of isomerisation for specific molecular weights of Phlorotannins between 3 and 16 monomers. The level of phlorotannin isomerisation within the extracts of the individual macroalgal species differed to some degree, resulting in substantially different numbers of phlorotannin isomers for particular molecular weights. A similar UPLC-MS/MS separation procedure, as outlined in this study, may be used in the future as a means of screening the metabolite profile of macroalgal extracts, therefore, allowing extract consistency to be monitored for standardisation purposes.
Federico Ferreres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Edible seaweeds' Phlorotannins in allergy: A natural multi-target approach.
2018Co-Authors: Mariana Barbosa, Graciliana Lopes, Patricia Valentao, Federico Ferreres, Angel Gil-izquierdo, David M Pereira, Paula B AndradeAbstract:The anti-allergenicity of phlorotannin-targeted extracts from four edible seaweed species of Fucus genus was evaluated herein for the first time. Extracts were able to act upon cellular events triggered by immunological reaction (IgE/antigen), and on cellular events downstream the Ca2+ influx caused by a chemical stimulus (calcium ionophore A23187), preventing degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, a dose-dependent behaviour towards allergy-related enzymatic systems was observed for all the phlorotannin extracts. Linear correlations were found between reduction of the allergic mediators released and the total phlorotannin content, as well as between the enzyme inhibition and the amount of Phlorotannins in the extracts. These results point to a multi-target anti-allergic capacity of phlorotannin-targeted extracts, which displayed effects on different critical steps of the allergic response, contributing to the valorisation of Fucus spp. both as food and for nutraceutical applications.
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profiling Phlorotannins from fucus spp of the northern portuguese coastline chemical approach by hplc dad esi ms n and uplc esi qtof ms
2018Co-Authors: Graciliana Lopes, Patricia Valentao, Paula B Andrade, Mariana Barbosa, Fernando Vallejo, Angel Gilizquierdo, David M Pereira, Federico FerreresAbstract:Abstract Several attempts have been made in recent years to fully characterize phlorotannin-rich extracts. Nevertheless, this remains a challenging quest, not only because of seaweed complex chemical composition, but also due to the diverse structural assemblage within phlorotannin molecules (i.e., type of linkage, modification site, and number of additional hydroxyl groups). In this work, 22 Phlorotannins were tentatively identified and their presence confirmed, in purified extracts obtained from four Fucus species, by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS analyses. The characterized Phlorotannins exhibited molecular weights ranging from 370 to 746 Da and relatively low degree of polymerization (3–6 phloroglucinol units). Isomers of fucophlorethol, dioxinodehydroeckol, difucophlorethol, fucodiphlorethol, bisfucophlorethol, fucofuroeckol, trifucophlorethol, fucotriphlorethol, tetrafucophlorethol, and of fucotetraphlorethol were identified. Among the analysed phlorotannin purified extracts, only the ones wild-sourced and from aquaculture-grown Fucus vesiculosus exhibited five and six-ringed phloroglucinol oligomers in their composition. The remaining extracts from Fucus guiryi, Fucus serratus and Fucus spiralis were richer in both trimers and tetramers. The variability observed for the overall phlorotannin composition points to the influence of species-specific and/or external factors. As far as we know, mass spectra confirming the presence and degree of polymerization of Phlorotannins in Portuguese-sourced brown macroalgae, specifically F. guiryi and F. serratus, as well as of aquaculture-grown F. vesiculosus, are not found in literature. The information gained in this work ascertains the role of advanced analytical tools in facilitating the use of this valuable natural resource for the development of macroalgal-based products, opening doors for future application of phlorotannin-rich extracts in the commercial areas related to nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
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Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucales Characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn: Approaches to Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Capacity and Antioxidant Properties
2012Co-Authors: Federico Ferreres, Graciliana Lopes, Angel Gil-izquierdo, Carla Sousa, Teresa Mouga, Paula B Andrade, Patricia ValentaoAbstract:Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Fucophloroethol, fucodiphloroethol, fucotriphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol/dieckol were identified. The antioxidant activity and the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory capacity exhibited by the extracts were also assessed. A correlation between the extracts activity and their chemical composition was established. F. spiralis, the species presenting higher molecular weight Phlorotannins, generally displayed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.32 mg/mL dry weight) and the strongest HAase inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 0.73 mg/mL dry weight). As for superoxide radical scavenging, C. nodicaulis was the most efficient species (IC50 = 0.93 mg/mL dry weight), followed by F. spiralis (IC50 = 1.30 mg/mL dry weight). These results show that purified phlorotannin extracts have potent capabilities for preventing and slowing down the skin aging process, which is mainly associated with free radical damage and with the reduction of hyaluronic acid concentration, characteristic of the process.
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Carla Sousa
2012Co-Authors: Federico Ferreres, Graciliana Lopes, Teresa Mouga, Paula B Andrade, Angel Gil-izquierdo, Patricia ValentaoAbstract:Abstract: Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS n. Fucophloroethol, fucodiphloroethol, fucotriphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol/dieckol were identified. The antioxidant activity and the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory capacity exhibited by the extracts were also assessed. A correlation between the extracts activity and their chemical composition was established. F. spiralis, the species presenting higher molecular weight Phlorotannins, generally displayed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.32 mg/mL dry weight) and the strongest HAase inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 0.73 mg/mL dry weight). As for superoxide radical scavenging, C. nodicaulis was the most efficient specie
Patricia Valentao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Edible seaweeds' Phlorotannins in allergy: A natural multi-target approach.
2018Co-Authors: Mariana Barbosa, Graciliana Lopes, Patricia Valentao, Federico Ferreres, Angel Gil-izquierdo, David M Pereira, Paula B AndradeAbstract:The anti-allergenicity of phlorotannin-targeted extracts from four edible seaweed species of Fucus genus was evaluated herein for the first time. Extracts were able to act upon cellular events triggered by immunological reaction (IgE/antigen), and on cellular events downstream the Ca2+ influx caused by a chemical stimulus (calcium ionophore A23187), preventing degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, a dose-dependent behaviour towards allergy-related enzymatic systems was observed for all the phlorotannin extracts. Linear correlations were found between reduction of the allergic mediators released and the total phlorotannin content, as well as between the enzyme inhibition and the amount of Phlorotannins in the extracts. These results point to a multi-target anti-allergic capacity of phlorotannin-targeted extracts, which displayed effects on different critical steps of the allergic response, contributing to the valorisation of Fucus spp. both as food and for nutraceutical applications.
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profiling Phlorotannins from fucus spp of the northern portuguese coastline chemical approach by hplc dad esi ms n and uplc esi qtof ms
2018Co-Authors: Graciliana Lopes, Patricia Valentao, Paula B Andrade, Mariana Barbosa, Fernando Vallejo, Angel Gilizquierdo, David M Pereira, Federico FerreresAbstract:Abstract Several attempts have been made in recent years to fully characterize phlorotannin-rich extracts. Nevertheless, this remains a challenging quest, not only because of seaweed complex chemical composition, but also due to the diverse structural assemblage within phlorotannin molecules (i.e., type of linkage, modification site, and number of additional hydroxyl groups). In this work, 22 Phlorotannins were tentatively identified and their presence confirmed, in purified extracts obtained from four Fucus species, by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS analyses. The characterized Phlorotannins exhibited molecular weights ranging from 370 to 746 Da and relatively low degree of polymerization (3–6 phloroglucinol units). Isomers of fucophlorethol, dioxinodehydroeckol, difucophlorethol, fucodiphlorethol, bisfucophlorethol, fucofuroeckol, trifucophlorethol, fucotriphlorethol, tetrafucophlorethol, and of fucotetraphlorethol were identified. Among the analysed phlorotannin purified extracts, only the ones wild-sourced and from aquaculture-grown Fucus vesiculosus exhibited five and six-ringed phloroglucinol oligomers in their composition. The remaining extracts from Fucus guiryi, Fucus serratus and Fucus spiralis were richer in both trimers and tetramers. The variability observed for the overall phlorotannin composition points to the influence of species-specific and/or external factors. As far as we know, mass spectra confirming the presence and degree of polymerization of Phlorotannins in Portuguese-sourced brown macroalgae, specifically F. guiryi and F. serratus, as well as of aquaculture-grown F. vesiculosus, are not found in literature. The information gained in this work ascertains the role of advanced analytical tools in facilitating the use of this valuable natural resource for the development of macroalgal-based products, opening doors for future application of phlorotannin-rich extracts in the commercial areas related to nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
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Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucales Characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn: Approaches to Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Capacity and Antioxidant Properties
2012Co-Authors: Federico Ferreres, Graciliana Lopes, Angel Gil-izquierdo, Carla Sousa, Teresa Mouga, Paula B Andrade, Patricia ValentaoAbstract:Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Fucophloroethol, fucodiphloroethol, fucotriphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol/dieckol were identified. The antioxidant activity and the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory capacity exhibited by the extracts were also assessed. A correlation between the extracts activity and their chemical composition was established. F. spiralis, the species presenting higher molecular weight Phlorotannins, generally displayed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.32 mg/mL dry weight) and the strongest HAase inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 0.73 mg/mL dry weight). As for superoxide radical scavenging, C. nodicaulis was the most efficient species (IC50 = 0.93 mg/mL dry weight), followed by F. spiralis (IC50 = 1.30 mg/mL dry weight). These results show that purified phlorotannin extracts have potent capabilities for preventing and slowing down the skin aging process, which is mainly associated with free radical damage and with the reduction of hyaluronic acid concentration, characteristic of the process.
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Carla Sousa
2012Co-Authors: Federico Ferreres, Graciliana Lopes, Teresa Mouga, Paula B Andrade, Angel Gil-izquierdo, Patricia ValentaoAbstract:Abstract: Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS n. Fucophloroethol, fucodiphloroethol, fucotriphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol/dieckol were identified. The antioxidant activity and the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory capacity exhibited by the extracts were also assessed. A correlation between the extracts activity and their chemical composition was established. F. spiralis, the species presenting higher molecular weight Phlorotannins, generally displayed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.32 mg/mL dry weight) and the strongest HAase inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 0.73 mg/mL dry weight). As for superoxide radical scavenging, C. nodicaulis was the most efficient specie
Elena Ibáñez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anti-proliferative activity and chemical characterization by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry of Phlorotannins from the brown macroalga Sargassum muticum collected on North-Atlantic coasts
2016Co-Authors: Lidia Montero, Valérie Stiger-pouvreau, Andrea P. Sánchez-camargo, Virginia Garcia-cañas, Anaëlle Tanniou, Mariateresa Russo, Luca Rastrelli, Alejandro Cifuentes, Miguel Herrero, Elena IbáñezAbstract:In the present work, the phlorotannin composition of different Sargassum muticum samples collected at different locations along the North Atlantic coasts as well as the bioactivities related to these components were investigated. After pressurized liquid extraction, the samples collected at the extreme locations of a latitudinal gradient from Portugal and Norway, were found to be the richest on total phenols and, particularly, on Phlorotannins, containing up to 148.97 and 5.12 mg phloroglucinol equivalents g−1, respectively. The extracts obtained from these locations were further purified and chemically characterized using a modified HILIC × RP-DAD-MS/MS method. The application of this methodology allowed the tentative identification of a great variability of Phlorotannins with different degrees of polymerization (from 3 to 11) and structures, determined for the first time in S. muticum. The most-abundant Phlorotannins on these samples were fuhalols, hydroxyfuhalols and phlorethols, showing also particularities and important differences depending on the geographical location. Afterwards, the antiproliferative activity of these extracts against HT-29 adenocarcinoma colon cancer cells was studied. Results revealed that the richest S. muticum samples in terms of total Phlorotannins, i.e., those from Norway, presented the highest activity, showing a good cytotoxic potential at concentrations in the medium micromolar range.
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application of hansen solubility approach for the subcritical and supercritical selective extraction of Phlorotannins from cystoseira abies marina
2016Co-Authors: A P Sanchezcamargo, Lidia Montero, Alejandro Cifuentes, Miguel Herrero, Elena IbáñezAbstract:Cystoseira abies-marina is one of the most important brown algae species found in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean ecosystems and has been reported as a promising source of phenolic compounds, including Phlorotannins, with important biological activities. In the present work, the possibility of developing new green processes to eliminate/replace the use of traditional polluting and often toxic solvents to obtain phlorotannin-enriched extracts is explored, looking for higher efficiency and compliance with the rules of green chemistry. The theoretical modelling of the Hansen solubility parameters could provide a useful and accurate estimation for the solvent selection and prediction of the solubility of these natural bioactive compounds. In order to drive the process towards the extraction of the target compounds, the chemical composition of Phlorotannins from Cystoseira abies-marina was determined using a comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC-MS/MS) method. Phlorethols, fucols or fucophlorethols containing from 3 to 14 phloroglucinol units (PGU) were tentatively identified. The estimation of Hansen solubility parameters of the most abundant Phlorotannins (7 PGU) in some green solvents (ethanol, water, ethyl lactate and CO2 + ethanol) under sub- and supercritical conditions was carried out to improve their selective extraction and is presented for the first time. According to the theoretical approach, low temperatures of the extraction solvents provide the minimum Ra (difference in solubility parameter). However, this work experimentally demonstrates that pure ethanol at 100 °C showed the highest selectivity to extract Phlorotannins. The Hansen approach proves to be a profitable tool to select a suitable solvent for extraction purposes.
