# Phosphate - Explore the Science & Experts | ideXlab

## Phosphate

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### Peter R. Norton – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Peter R. Norton, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Martin Mueser
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, p, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, K 0 , and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing p. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when K reaches a value near 210 40 GPa: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Physical Review B, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Martin H. Müser, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Peter R. Norton
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, $p$, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, $K(0)$, and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing $p$. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when $K$ reaches a value near $210\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40\text{ }\text{GPa}$: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Physical Review B – Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Martin H. Müser, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Peter R. Norton
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, p, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, K (0), and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing p. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when K reaches a value near 210±40 GPa: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of α zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results. © 2009 The American Physical Society.

### Philippe Boudeville – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### wet or dry mechanochemical synthesis of calcium Phosphates influence of the water content on dcpd cao reaction kinetics
Acta Biomaterialia, 2008
Co-Authors: El H Briakbenabdeslam, Michel Vert, Maria-pau Ginebra, Philippe Boudeville
Abstract:

Abstract Mechanosynthesis of calcium Phosphates can be performed under wet or dry conditions. In most papers and patents, grinding under wet conditions was selected. So far, only a few papers were devoted to dry mechanosynthesis of calcium Phosphates. To understand why wet mechanosynthesis was preferred, the influence of water addition on the kinetics of the mechanochemical reaction of dicalcium Phosphate dihydrate with calcium oxide was investigated. The DCPD disappearance rate constant k and the final reaction time t f were determined in each case and correlated with the water content present in the slurry. Results showed that the addition water (i) slowed down the reaction rate and (ii) increased the powder contamination by mill material (hard porcelain) due to ball and vial erosion; and that (iii) wet milling did not generate the expected products, in contrast to dry grinding, because porcelain induced hydroxyapatite decomposition with the formation of β-tricalcium Phosphate and silicon-stabilized tricalcium Phosphate. Consequently, dry mechanosynthesis appears preferable to wet milling in the preparation of calcium Phosphates of biological interest.

• ##### Wet or dry mechanochemical synthesis of calcium Phosphates? Influence of the water content on DCPD-CaO reaction kinetics.
, 2008
Co-Authors: Hassane E. El Briak-BenAbdeslam, Maria-pau Ginebra, Michel Vert, Philippe Boudeville
Abstract:

Mechanosynthesis of calcium Phosphates can be performed under wet or dry conditions. In most papers and patents, grinding under wet conditions was selected. So far, only a few papers were devoted to dry mechanosynthesis of calcium Phosphates. To understand why wet mechanosynthesis was preferred, the influence of water addition on the kinetics of the mechanochemical reaction of dicalcium Phosphate dihydrate with calcium oxide was investigated. The DCPD disappearance rate constant k and the final reaction time t(f) were determined in each case and correlated with the water content present in the slurry. Results showed that the addition water (i) slowed down the reaction rate and (ii) increased the powder contamination by mill material (hard porcelain) due to ball and vial erosion; and that (iii) wet milling did not generate the expected products, in contrast to dry grinding, because porcelain induced hydroxyapatite decomposition with the formation of beta-tricalcium Phosphate and silicon-stabilized tricalcium Phosphate. Consequently, dry mechanosynthesis appears preferable to wet milling in the preparation of calcium Phosphates of biological interest.

### Dmitry Shakhvorostov – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Peter R. Norton, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Martin Mueser
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, p, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, K 0 , and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing p. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when K reaches a value near 210 40 GPa: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Physical Review B, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Martin H. Müser, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Peter R. Norton
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, $p$, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, $K(0)$, and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing $p$. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when $K$ reaches a value near $210\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40\text{ }\text{GPa}$: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Physical Review B – Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Martin H. Müser, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Peter R. Norton
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, p, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, K (0), and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing p. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when K reaches a value near 210±40 GPa: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of α zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results. © 2009 The American Physical Society.

### Yang Song – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Peter R. Norton, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Martin Mueser
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, p, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, K 0 , and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing p. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when K reaches a value near 210 40 GPa: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Physical Review B, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Martin H. Müser, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Peter R. Norton
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, $p$, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, $K(0)$, and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing $p$. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when $K$ reaches a value near $210\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40\text{ }\text{GPa}$: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Physical Review B – Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Martin H. Müser, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Peter R. Norton
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, p, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, K (0), and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing p. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when K reaches a value near 210±40 GPa: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of α zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results. © 2009 The American Physical Society.

### Nicholas J Mosey – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Peter R. Norton, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Martin Mueser
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, p, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, K 0 , and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing p. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when K reaches a value near 210 40 GPa: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Physical Review B, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Martin H. Müser, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Peter R. Norton
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, $p$, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, $K(0)$, and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing $p$. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when $K$ reaches a value near $210\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40\text{ }\text{GPa}$: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results.

• ##### Correlating cation coordination, stiffness, phase transition pressures, and smart materials behavior in metal Phosphates
Physical Review B – Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2009
Co-Authors: Dmitry Shakhvorostov, Martin H. Müser, Nicholas J Mosey, Yang Song, Peter R. Norton
Abstract:

In this study we present x-ray diffraction data on metal Phosphates containing either high or low coordination number zinc or calcium. The experiments reveal that low-coordination zinc Phosphate crystals are relatively soft at ambient conditions but stiffen dramatically with pressure, p, thereby exhibiting smart materials behavior. In comparison, high-coordination zinc and calcium Phosphates have higher initial bulk moduli, K (0), and stiffen much less rapidly with increasing p. The investigated metal Phosphate crystals all amorphize under compression when K reaches a value near 210±40 GPa: the precise value depending on the chemical details. Our interpretation of this result is that elastic properties and structural instabilities are related to the motion of rigid Phosphate units, which becomes more hindered as the material density increases, and that stiffening can occur independent of a change of cation coordination. These ideas are supported by ab initio simulations of α zinc Phosphate. The efficacy of low-coordination zinc Phosphates as antiwear agents is discussed in the context of these results. © 2009 The American Physical Society.