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Lori M Minasian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and prostate cancer risk in the select trial
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014
    Co-Authors: Theodore M Brasky, Xiaoling Song, Amy K Darke, Catherine M Tangen, Phyllis J Goodman, Ian M Thompson, Frank L Meyskens, Gary E Goodman, Lori M Minasian
    Abstract:

    Results Compared with men in the lowest quartiles of LCω-3PUFA, men in the highest quartile had increased risks for low-grade (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.93), high-grade (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.00 to 2.94), and total prostate cancer (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.88). Associations were similar for individual long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids. Higher linoleic acid (ω-6) was associated with reduced risks of low-grade (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.99) and total prostate cancer (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.01); however, there was no dose response. Conclusions This study confirms previous reports of increased prostate cancer risk among men with high blood concentrations of LCω-3PUFA. The consistency of these findings suggests that these Fatty Acids are involved in prostate tumorigenesis. Recommendations to increase LCω-3PUFA intake should consider its potential risks. J Natl Cancer Inst Inflammation plays a role in the etiology of many cancers. The strongest evidence for an inflammatory component in prostate carcinogenesis is based on the characteristics of a precursor lesion, proliferative inflammatory atrophy, which is an area of highly proliferative but atrophic epithelial cells with notable inflammatory infiltrates (1,2). Considerable research has addressed whether factors that affect inflammation are associated with prostate cancer risk. With the exception of obesity, which is associated with increased inflammation and higher risks of high-grade prostate cancer (3,4) and prostate cancer death (5,6), studies on lifestyle factors associated with reduced inflammation, including use of aspirin (7,8) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8) and statins (9) and consumption of long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids (10–12) (here defined as eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic Acids), have been inconsistent. We recently reported, using data and serum collected in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, that high concentration of serum Phospholipid long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids, which is a biomarker of usual ω-3 Fatty acid intake (13), was associated with a large increase in the risk of high-grade prostate cancer (14). We also found that high concentrations of trans-Fatty Acids, which are associated with increased inflammation (15,16), were associated with reduced risk of high-grade prostate cancer (14). These findings were counter to expectations but raised the possibility that high intakes of ω-3 Fatty Acids, for example through use of fish oil supplements, could increase the risk of clinically significant, highgrade prostate cancer. Here we replicate these analyses using data and plasma collected in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT; trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00006392]. Given the widespread use of ω-3 Fatty acid supplements (17,18), an ongoing clinical trial testing ω-3 Fatty acid supplementation for cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention (19), and the purported health benefits of consuming Fatty fish (20,21), it is important to further investigate whether high consumption of ω-3 Fatty Acids could contribute to prostate cancer risk.

  • plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and prostate cancer risk in the select trial
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014
    Co-Authors: Theodore M Brasky, Xiaoling Song, Amy K Darke, Catherine M Tangen, Phyllis J Goodman, Ian M Thompson, Frank L Meyskens, Gary E Goodman, Lori M Minasian
    Abstract:

    Results Compared with men in the lowest quartiles of LCω-3PUFA, men in the highest quartile had increased risks for low-grade (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.93), high-grade (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.00 to 2.94), and total prostate cancer (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.88). Associations were similar for individual long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids. Higher linoleic acid (ω-6) was associated with reduced risks of low-grade (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.99) and total prostate cancer (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.01); however, there was no dose response. Conclusions This study confirms previous reports of increased prostate cancer risk among men with high blood concentrations of LCω-3PUFA. The consistency of these findings suggests that these Fatty Acids are involved in prostate tumorigenesis. Recommendations to increase LCω-3PUFA intake should consider its potential risks. J Natl Cancer Inst Inflammation plays a role in the etiology of many cancers. The strongest evidence for an inflammatory component in prostate carcinogenesis is based on the characteristics of a precursor lesion, proliferative inflammatory atrophy, which is an area of highly proliferative but atrophic epithelial cells with notable inflammatory infiltrates (1,2). Considerable research has addressed whether factors that affect inflammation are associated with prostate cancer risk. With the exception of obesity, which is associated with increased inflammation and higher risks of high-grade prostate cancer (3,4) and prostate cancer death (5,6), studies on lifestyle factors associated with reduced inflammation, including use of aspirin (7,8) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8) and statins (9) and consumption of long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids (10–12) (here defined as eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic Acids), have been inconsistent. We recently reported, using data and serum collected in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, that high concentration of serum Phospholipid long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids, which is a biomarker of usual ω-3 Fatty acid intake (13), was associated with a large increase in the risk of high-grade prostate cancer (14). We also found that high concentrations of trans-Fatty Acids, which are associated with increased inflammation (15,16), were associated with reduced risk of high-grade prostate cancer (14). These findings were counter to expectations but raised the possibility that high intakes of ω-3 Fatty Acids, for example through use of fish oil supplements, could increase the risk of clinically significant, highgrade prostate cancer. Here we replicate these analyses using data and plasma collected in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT; trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00006392]. Given the widespread use of ω-3 Fatty acid supplements (17,18), an ongoing clinical trial testing ω-3 Fatty acid supplementation for cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention (19), and the purported health benefits of consuming Fatty fish (20,21), it is important to further investigate whether high consumption of ω-3 Fatty Acids could contribute to prostate cancer risk.

Inge Bruheim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • bioavailability of Fatty Acids from krill oil krill meal and fish oil in healthy subjects a randomized single dose cross over trial
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2015
    Co-Authors: Anton Kohler, Essi Sarkkinen, Niina Tapola, Tarja Niskanen, Inge Bruheim
    Abstract:

    Background: Krill contains two marine omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mainly bound in Phospholipids. Typical products from krill are krill oil and krill meal. Fish oils contain EPA and DHA predominantly bound in triglycerides. The difference in the chemical binding of EPA and DHA has been suggested to affect their bioavailability, but little is known on bioavailability of EPA and DHA in krill meal. This study was undertaken to compare the acute bioavailability of two krill products, krill oil and krill meal, with fish oil in healthy subjects. Methods: A randomized, single-dose, single-blind, cross-over, active-reference trial was conducted in 15 subjects, who ingested krill oil, krill meal and fish oil, each containing approx. 1 700 mg EPA and DHA. Fatty acid compositions of plasma triglycerides and Phospholipids were measured repeatedly for 72 hours. The primary efficacy analysis was based on the 72 hour incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of EPA and DHA in plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids. Results: A larger iAUC for EPA and DHA in plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids was detected after krill oil (mean 89.08± 33.36% × h) than after krill meal (mean 44.97±18.07% x h, p <0.001) or after fish oil (mean 59.15±22.22% × h, p=0.003). Mean iAUC’s after krill meal and after fish oil were not different. A large inter-individual variability in response was observed. Conclusion: EPA and DHA in krill oil had a higher 72-hour bioavailability than in krill meal or fish oil. Our finding that bioavailabilities of EPA and DHA in krill meal and fish oil were not different argues against the interpretation that Phospholipids are better absorbed than triglycerides. Longer-term studies using a parameter reflecting tissue Fatty acid composition, like erythrocyte EPA plus DHA are needed. Trial registration: NCT02089165

  • bioavailability of Fatty Acids from krill oil krill meal and fish oil in healthy subjects a randomized single dose cross over trial
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2015
    Co-Authors: Anton Kohler, Essi Sarkkinen, Niina Tapola, Tarja Niskanen, Inge Bruheim
    Abstract:

    Krill contains two marine omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mainly bound in Phospholipids. Typical products from krill are krill oil and krill meal. Fish oils contain EPA and DHA predominantly bound in triglycerides. The difference in the chemical binding of EPA and DHA has been suggested to affect their bioavailability, but little is known on bioavailability of EPA and DHA in krill meal. This study was undertaken to compare the acute bioavailability of two krill products, krill oil and krill meal, with fish oil in healthy subjects. A randomized, single-dose, single-blind, cross-over, active-reference trial was conducted in 15 subjects, who ingested krill oil, krill meal and fish oil, each containing approx. 1 700 mg EPA and DHA. Fatty acid compositions of plasma triglycerides and Phospholipids were measured repeatedly for 72 hours. The primary efficacy analysis was based on the 72 hour incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of EPA and DHA in plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids. A larger iAUC for EPA and DHA in plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids was detected after krill oil (mean 89.08 ± 33.36% × h) than after krill meal (mean 44.97 ± 18.07% x h, p < 0.001) or after fish oil (mean 59.15 ± 22.22% × h, p=0.003). Mean iAUC’s after krill meal and after fish oil were not different. A large inter-individual variability in response was observed. EPA and DHA in krill oil had a higher 72-hour bioavailability than in krill meal or fish oil. Our finding that bioavailabilities of EPA and DHA in krill meal and fish oil were not different argues against the interpretation that Phospholipids are better absorbed than triglycerides. Longer-term studies using a parameter reflecting tissue Fatty acid composition, like erythrocyte EPA plus DHA are needed. NCT02089165

Harvey Bolton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Xiaoling Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • abstract p044 plasma Phospholipid very long chain saturated Fatty Acids and healthy aging in older adults the cardiovascular health study
    Circulation, 2018
    Co-Authors: Rozenn N Lemaitre, Xiaoling Song, Irena B King, Bruce M Psaty, David S Siscovick, Mary L Biggs, Barbara Mcknight, Heidi Lai, Dariush Mozaffarian
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Circulating very long-chain saturated Fatty Acids (VLSFA) are biomarkers of diet and metabolism which impart different biological activities to sphingolipids and may influence physiological pathways relevant to aging. Higher levels of circulating VLSFAs have been associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, and diabetes. Apart from these associations, it is unknown whether these biomarkers are related to the maintenance of healthy aging. Hypothesis: Higher levels of circulating VLSFA are associated with lower risk of unhealthy aging. Methods: Phospholipid Fatty Acids were measured in serial plasma samples collected among participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) in 1992-93, 1998-99, and 2005-06. Incident unhealthy aging was defined as the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, lung disease, severe chronic kidney disease, ≥1 difficulties with activities of daily living (ADL), or reduced cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination<80). W...

  • measurement of circulating Phospholipid Fatty Acids association between relative weight percentage and absolute concentrations
    Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 2016
    Co-Authors: Xiaoling Song, Tamara B Harris, Vilmundur Gudnason, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Jeannette M Schenk, Pho Diep, Rachel A Murphy, Corey Casper, Johanna W Lampe, Marian L Neuhouser
    Abstract:

    Objective: Most epidemiologic studies of circulating Phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFAs) and disease risk have used the relative concentration (percentage of total) of each Fatty acid as the measure of exposure. Using relative concentrations, the total of all Fatty Acids is summed to 100% and thus the values of individual Fatty acid are not independent. This has led to debate, along with the suggestion to use absolute concentrations of Fatty Acids. We aimed to examine the relationship between relative (weight percentage) and absolute (mg/L) concentrations of individual circulating PLFAs.Methods: Relative and absolute concentrations of 41 circulating PLFAs were measured by gas chromatography in samples from 3 diverse populations. Correlations between the relative and absolute concentrations for each Fatty acid were used to measure agreement. Unadjusted correlations and correlations adjusting absolute PLFA concentrations for total cholesterol were calculated.Results: Unadjusted correlations between relative an...

  • response to letters regarding article circulating omega 6 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and total and cause specific mortality the cardiovascular health study
    Circulation, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rozenn N Lemaitre, Xiaoling Song, Irena B King, Bruce M Psaty, David S Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian
    Abstract:

    Sertoglu and colleagues express concern about the measurement of circulating Fatty acid biomarkers in plasma. However, our investigation did not measure Fatty Acids in total plasma (the sum of Fatty Acids in nonesterified Fatty Acids, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, and Phospholipids) but in the plasma Phospholipid fraction. The plasma Phospholipid fraction reflects Fatty acid concentrations in cell membranes. Furthermore, Phospholipid Fatty Acids in plasma and erythrocyte membranes interexchange, reflect Fatty acid consumption over a similar period of time, and are reasonably correlated.1 Thus, either plasma Phospholipid or erythrocyte Fatty acid composition is a valid and reliable biomarker of dietary consumption. This explains why numerous longitudinal investigations have evaluated the associations of Fatty Acids in plasma Phospholipids or erythrocyte Phospholipids in relation to cardiometabolic disease risk.2,3 We …

  • plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and fish oil consumption in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk in older adults the age gene environment susceptibility study
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2015
    Co-Authors: Tamara B Harris, Vilmundur Gudnason, Xiaoling Song, Ilse Reinders, Thomas Lang, Melissa E Garcia, Kristin Siggeirsdottir, Sigurdur Sigurdsson, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Gunnar Sigurdsson
    Abstract:

    Background: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) may play a role in fracture, but studies have been largely confined to estimates of dietary intake. Objective: We aimed to examine associations between Fatty Acids measured in late life and fish-oil consumption in early life, midlife, and late life with osteoporotic fracture risk. Design: Osteoporotic fractures were determined from medical records over 5–9 y of follow-up in men and women aged 66–96 y. Data were analyzed from 1438 participants including 898 participants who were randomly selected from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Study, which is an observational study, and 540 participants with incident fracture. Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids were assessed by using gas chromatography. Fish-oil consumption was assessed by using validated questionnaires as never (referent), less than daily, or daily. HRs and 95% CIs adjusted for age, education, height, weight, diabetes, physical activity, and medications were estimated by using Cox regression. Results: In men, the highest tertile of PUFAs, n–3 (ω-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid were associated with decreased fracture risk [HRs (95% CIs): 0.60 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.89), 0.66 (0.45, 0.95), and 0.59 (0.41, 0.86), respectively]. In women, PUFAs tended to be inversely associated with fracture risk (P-trend = 0.06), but tertiles 2 and 3 were not independently associated with risk. Tertile 2 of n–6 and arachidonic acid was associated with fracture risk in women [HRs (95% CIs): 1.43 (1.10, 1.85) and 1.42 (1.09, 1.85), respectively]. Daily fish-oil consumption in late life was associated with lower fracture risk in men (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.91). Daily fish-oil consumption in midlife was associated with lower fracture risk in women (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.98). Conclusions: Greater PUFA concentrations may be associated with lower osteoporotic fracture risk in older adults, particularly in men. Critical time periods for n–3 Fatty acid consumption may differ by sex.

  • plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and prostate cancer risk in the select trial
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014
    Co-Authors: Theodore M Brasky, Xiaoling Song, Amy K Darke, Catherine M Tangen, Phyllis J Goodman, Ian M Thompson, Frank L Meyskens, Gary E Goodman, Lori M Minasian
    Abstract:

    Results Compared with men in the lowest quartiles of LCω-3PUFA, men in the highest quartile had increased risks for low-grade (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.93), high-grade (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.00 to 2.94), and total prostate cancer (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.88). Associations were similar for individual long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids. Higher linoleic acid (ω-6) was associated with reduced risks of low-grade (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.99) and total prostate cancer (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.01); however, there was no dose response. Conclusions This study confirms previous reports of increased prostate cancer risk among men with high blood concentrations of LCω-3PUFA. The consistency of these findings suggests that these Fatty Acids are involved in prostate tumorigenesis. Recommendations to increase LCω-3PUFA intake should consider its potential risks. J Natl Cancer Inst Inflammation plays a role in the etiology of many cancers. The strongest evidence for an inflammatory component in prostate carcinogenesis is based on the characteristics of a precursor lesion, proliferative inflammatory atrophy, which is an area of highly proliferative but atrophic epithelial cells with notable inflammatory infiltrates (1,2). Considerable research has addressed whether factors that affect inflammation are associated with prostate cancer risk. With the exception of obesity, which is associated with increased inflammation and higher risks of high-grade prostate cancer (3,4) and prostate cancer death (5,6), studies on lifestyle factors associated with reduced inflammation, including use of aspirin (7,8) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8) and statins (9) and consumption of long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids (10–12) (here defined as eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic Acids), have been inconsistent. We recently reported, using data and serum collected in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, that high concentration of serum Phospholipid long-chain ω-3 Fatty Acids, which is a biomarker of usual ω-3 Fatty acid intake (13), was associated with a large increase in the risk of high-grade prostate cancer (14). We also found that high concentrations of trans-Fatty Acids, which are associated with increased inflammation (15,16), were associated with reduced risk of high-grade prostate cancer (14). These findings were counter to expectations but raised the possibility that high intakes of ω-3 Fatty Acids, for example through use of fish oil supplements, could increase the risk of clinically significant, highgrade prostate cancer. Here we replicate these analyses using data and plasma collected in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT; trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00006392]. Given the widespread use of ω-3 Fatty acid supplements (17,18), an ongoing clinical trial testing ω-3 Fatty acid supplementation for cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention (19), and the purported health benefits of consuming Fatty fish (20,21), it is important to further investigate whether high consumption of ω-3 Fatty Acids could contribute to prostate cancer risk.

Anton Kohler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • bioavailability of Fatty Acids from krill oil krill meal and fish oil in healthy subjects a randomized single dose cross over trial
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2015
    Co-Authors: Anton Kohler, Essi Sarkkinen, Niina Tapola, Tarja Niskanen, Inge Bruheim
    Abstract:

    Background: Krill contains two marine omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mainly bound in Phospholipids. Typical products from krill are krill oil and krill meal. Fish oils contain EPA and DHA predominantly bound in triglycerides. The difference in the chemical binding of EPA and DHA has been suggested to affect their bioavailability, but little is known on bioavailability of EPA and DHA in krill meal. This study was undertaken to compare the acute bioavailability of two krill products, krill oil and krill meal, with fish oil in healthy subjects. Methods: A randomized, single-dose, single-blind, cross-over, active-reference trial was conducted in 15 subjects, who ingested krill oil, krill meal and fish oil, each containing approx. 1 700 mg EPA and DHA. Fatty acid compositions of plasma triglycerides and Phospholipids were measured repeatedly for 72 hours. The primary efficacy analysis was based on the 72 hour incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of EPA and DHA in plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids. Results: A larger iAUC for EPA and DHA in plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids was detected after krill oil (mean 89.08± 33.36% × h) than after krill meal (mean 44.97±18.07% x h, p <0.001) or after fish oil (mean 59.15±22.22% × h, p=0.003). Mean iAUC’s after krill meal and after fish oil were not different. A large inter-individual variability in response was observed. Conclusion: EPA and DHA in krill oil had a higher 72-hour bioavailability than in krill meal or fish oil. Our finding that bioavailabilities of EPA and DHA in krill meal and fish oil were not different argues against the interpretation that Phospholipids are better absorbed than triglycerides. Longer-term studies using a parameter reflecting tissue Fatty acid composition, like erythrocyte EPA plus DHA are needed. Trial registration: NCT02089165

  • bioavailability of Fatty Acids from krill oil krill meal and fish oil in healthy subjects a randomized single dose cross over trial
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2015
    Co-Authors: Anton Kohler, Essi Sarkkinen, Niina Tapola, Tarja Niskanen, Inge Bruheim
    Abstract:

    Krill contains two marine omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mainly bound in Phospholipids. Typical products from krill are krill oil and krill meal. Fish oils contain EPA and DHA predominantly bound in triglycerides. The difference in the chemical binding of EPA and DHA has been suggested to affect their bioavailability, but little is known on bioavailability of EPA and DHA in krill meal. This study was undertaken to compare the acute bioavailability of two krill products, krill oil and krill meal, with fish oil in healthy subjects. A randomized, single-dose, single-blind, cross-over, active-reference trial was conducted in 15 subjects, who ingested krill oil, krill meal and fish oil, each containing approx. 1 700 mg EPA and DHA. Fatty acid compositions of plasma triglycerides and Phospholipids were measured repeatedly for 72 hours. The primary efficacy analysis was based on the 72 hour incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of EPA and DHA in plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids. A larger iAUC for EPA and DHA in plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids was detected after krill oil (mean 89.08 ± 33.36% × h) than after krill meal (mean 44.97 ± 18.07% x h, p < 0.001) or after fish oil (mean 59.15 ± 22.22% × h, p=0.003). Mean iAUC’s after krill meal and after fish oil were not different. A large inter-individual variability in response was observed. EPA and DHA in krill oil had a higher 72-hour bioavailability than in krill meal or fish oil. Our finding that bioavailabilities of EPA and DHA in krill meal and fish oil were not different argues against the interpretation that Phospholipids are better absorbed than triglycerides. Longer-term studies using a parameter reflecting tissue Fatty acid composition, like erythrocyte EPA plus DHA are needed. NCT02089165