The Experts below are selected from a list of 6162 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

John R. Papcun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - Lithium and Lithium Compounds
    Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Conrad W. Kamienski, Daniel P. Mcdonald, Marshall W. Stark, John R. Papcun
    Abstract:

    Lithium, an element of unique physical and chemical properties, is useful in a wide range of applications as the metal, as the lithium ion in inorganic salts, and as the more covalent species in inorganic compounds. The largest uses of lithium compounds are in traditional areas such as the preparation of glass, glass-ceramics, and enamels; in aluminum cell broth; in the preparation of lithium greases; and as polymerization initiators. Lithium compounds are also employed as psychopharmacological agents and in organic synthesis, catalysis, absorption, air conditioning, Photographic Processing, and in batteries. The use of organic lithium compounds as industrial catalysts and the consumption of various lithium compounds in batteries are the most rapidly expanding markets. The various lithium mineral and brine resources are reviewed along with the processes for lithium extraction and recovery. Manufacturing processes, properties, health and safety factors, and applications for lithium metal and lithium compounds are discussed. Keywords: Lithium; solar ions; Recovery Brines; Alloys; metallurgy; glass; Lubricants; Batteries; Inorganic Lithium compounds; Organic lithium compounds; catalysts; psychopharmacological agents

  • Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - Lithium and Lithium Compounds
    Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Conrad W. Kamienski, Daniel P. Mcdonald, Marshall W. Stark, John R. Papcun
    Abstract:

    Lithium, an element of unique physical and chemical properties, is useful in a wide range of applications as the metal, as the lithium ion in inorganic salts, and as the more covalent species in inorganic compounds. The largest uses of lithium compounds are in traditional areas such as the preparation of glass, glass-ceramics, and enamels; in aluminum cell broth; in the preparation of lithium greases; and as polymerization initiators. Lithium compounds are also employed as psychopharmacological agents and in organic synthesis, catalysis, absorption, air conditioning, Photographic Processing, and in batteries. The use of organic lithium compounds as industrial catalysts and the consumption of various lithium compounds in batteries are the most rapidly expanding markets. The various lithium mineral and brine resources are reviewed along with the processes for lithium extraction and recovery. Manufacturing processes, properties, health and safety factors, and applications for lithium metal and lithium compounds are discussed. Keywords: Lithium; solar ions; Recovery Brines; Alloys; metallurgy; glass; Lubricants; Batteries; Inorganic Lithium compounds; Organic lithium compounds; catalysts; psychopharmacological agents

Bruno G Pollet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sonoelectrochemical recovery of silver from Photographic Processing solutions
    Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2000
    Co-Authors: Bruno G Pollet, J P Lorimer, S S Phull, Jeanyves Hihn
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper describes the effect of ultrasound upon the electrochemical recovery of silver from Photographic Processing solutions using a newly designed electrochemical cell – SonoEcoCell. Rates of deposition of silver (obtained potentiostatically) were studied in the model ‘fix’ solutions (dilute aqueous Na 2 S 2 O 3 /NaHSO 3 at a stainless steel cylinder electrode in both the absence and the presence of ultrasound. Under silent conditions, the magnitude of the cathodic potential is a major factor in the removal of silver. Under 20 kHz sonication, the rate of deposition of silver increases with increasing ultrasonic intensity. The cathode efficiency is also enhanced under insonation. The position of the ultrasonic probe with respect to the rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) was studied. It was found that for a ‘face-on’ geometry (probe parallel to the electrode) led to higher rate constants compared with a ‘side-on’ geometry (probe perpendicular to the electrode). The effect of coupling an RCE with ultrasound upon these rate constants employing the two geometry was also investigated. It was found that, employing either the face-on or the side-on geometry alone, improved rate constants were obtained below approximately 1500 and 2000 rpm, respectively.

  • The effect of ultrasonic frequency and intensity upon electrode kinetic parameters for the Ag(S2O3)23−/Ag redox couple
    Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Bruno G Pollet, J P Lorimer, S S Phull, Jeanyves Hihn, Timothy J Mason, D J Walton, V. Ligier, M. Wéry
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the effect of ultrasound on electrochemical parameters important in the removal of silver from Photographic Processing solutions. Decomposition voltages (obtained galvanostatically) and discharge potentials (obtained potentiostatically) for the reduction of the silver complex, Ag(S_2O_3) _2 ^3- was studied in dilute aqueous Na_2S_2O_3/NaHSO_3 solution on stainless steel and carbon disc electrodes in both the absence and presence of ultrasound. Under silent conditions, silver deposition is the main reaction occurring at the electrode. Under sonication at 20 kHz and 500 kHz, the reduction wave shifts anodically with increasing ultrasonic intensity. Similarly, the discharge of hydrogen and oxygen shifts anodically and cathodically respectively with increasing ultrasonic power. The decrease in decomposition voltage in the presence of ultrasound is due to the combined effect of a decrease in anodic overpotential and an increase in cathodic overpotential.

  • the effect upon limiting currents and potentials of coupling a rotating disc and cylindrical electrode with ultrasound
    Electrochimica Acta, 1998
    Co-Authors: J P Lorimer, Bruno G Pollet, S S Phull, Timothy J Mason, D J Walton
    Abstract:

    The reduction of the silver cation, Ag+, was studied in dilute aqueous Na2S2O3/NaHSO3 solution at a platinum and stainless steel rotating electrode in the absence and presence of ultrasound. Under silent conditions, electrode potential measurements indicate that silver deposition is the main reaction occurring at the cathode during the electrolysis of a model Photographic Processing solution. Under insonation conditions at 20 kHz the reduction wave shifts anodically with increasing ultrasonic power. Similarly the discharge of hydrogen shifted anodically with increasing power. It is also shown that below 1000 r.p.m. insonation leads to improved limiting currents when compared to the silent system. As the rotation speed of the electrode increases above 1000 r.p.m., the limiting current decreases as the ultrasonic power increases.

Jeanyves Hihn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sonoelectrochemical recovery of silver from Photographic Processing solutions
    Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2000
    Co-Authors: Bruno G Pollet, J P Lorimer, S S Phull, Jeanyves Hihn
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper describes the effect of ultrasound upon the electrochemical recovery of silver from Photographic Processing solutions using a newly designed electrochemical cell – SonoEcoCell. Rates of deposition of silver (obtained potentiostatically) were studied in the model ‘fix’ solutions (dilute aqueous Na 2 S 2 O 3 /NaHSO 3 at a stainless steel cylinder electrode in both the absence and the presence of ultrasound. Under silent conditions, the magnitude of the cathodic potential is a major factor in the removal of silver. Under 20 kHz sonication, the rate of deposition of silver increases with increasing ultrasonic intensity. The cathode efficiency is also enhanced under insonation. The position of the ultrasonic probe with respect to the rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) was studied. It was found that for a ‘face-on’ geometry (probe parallel to the electrode) led to higher rate constants compared with a ‘side-on’ geometry (probe perpendicular to the electrode). The effect of coupling an RCE with ultrasound upon these rate constants employing the two geometry was also investigated. It was found that, employing either the face-on or the side-on geometry alone, improved rate constants were obtained below approximately 1500 and 2000 rpm, respectively.

  • The effect of ultrasonic frequency and intensity upon electrode kinetic parameters for the Ag(S2O3)23−/Ag redox couple
    Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Bruno G Pollet, J P Lorimer, S S Phull, Jeanyves Hihn, Timothy J Mason, D J Walton, V. Ligier, M. Wéry
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the effect of ultrasound on electrochemical parameters important in the removal of silver from Photographic Processing solutions. Decomposition voltages (obtained galvanostatically) and discharge potentials (obtained potentiostatically) for the reduction of the silver complex, Ag(S_2O_3) _2 ^3- was studied in dilute aqueous Na_2S_2O_3/NaHSO_3 solution on stainless steel and carbon disc electrodes in both the absence and presence of ultrasound. Under silent conditions, silver deposition is the main reaction occurring at the electrode. Under sonication at 20 kHz and 500 kHz, the reduction wave shifts anodically with increasing ultrasonic intensity. Similarly, the discharge of hydrogen and oxygen shifts anodically and cathodically respectively with increasing ultrasonic power. The decrease in decomposition voltage in the presence of ultrasound is due to the combined effect of a decrease in anodic overpotential and an increase in cathodic overpotential.

Conrad W. Kamienski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - Lithium and Lithium Compounds
    Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Conrad W. Kamienski, Daniel P. Mcdonald, Marshall W. Stark, John R. Papcun
    Abstract:

    Lithium, an element of unique physical and chemical properties, is useful in a wide range of applications as the metal, as the lithium ion in inorganic salts, and as the more covalent species in inorganic compounds. The largest uses of lithium compounds are in traditional areas such as the preparation of glass, glass-ceramics, and enamels; in aluminum cell broth; in the preparation of lithium greases; and as polymerization initiators. Lithium compounds are also employed as psychopharmacological agents and in organic synthesis, catalysis, absorption, air conditioning, Photographic Processing, and in batteries. The use of organic lithium compounds as industrial catalysts and the consumption of various lithium compounds in batteries are the most rapidly expanding markets. The various lithium mineral and brine resources are reviewed along with the processes for lithium extraction and recovery. Manufacturing processes, properties, health and safety factors, and applications for lithium metal and lithium compounds are discussed. Keywords: Lithium; solar ions; Recovery Brines; Alloys; metallurgy; glass; Lubricants; Batteries; Inorganic Lithium compounds; Organic lithium compounds; catalysts; psychopharmacological agents

  • Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - Lithium and Lithium Compounds
    Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Conrad W. Kamienski, Daniel P. Mcdonald, Marshall W. Stark, John R. Papcun
    Abstract:

    Lithium, an element of unique physical and chemical properties, is useful in a wide range of applications as the metal, as the lithium ion in inorganic salts, and as the more covalent species in inorganic compounds. The largest uses of lithium compounds are in traditional areas such as the preparation of glass, glass-ceramics, and enamels; in aluminum cell broth; in the preparation of lithium greases; and as polymerization initiators. Lithium compounds are also employed as psychopharmacological agents and in organic synthesis, catalysis, absorption, air conditioning, Photographic Processing, and in batteries. The use of organic lithium compounds as industrial catalysts and the consumption of various lithium compounds in batteries are the most rapidly expanding markets. The various lithium mineral and brine resources are reviewed along with the processes for lithium extraction and recovery. Manufacturing processes, properties, health and safety factors, and applications for lithium metal and lithium compounds are discussed. Keywords: Lithium; solar ions; Recovery Brines; Alloys; metallurgy; glass; Lubricants; Batteries; Inorganic Lithium compounds; Organic lithium compounds; catalysts; psychopharmacological agents

J P Lorimer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sonoelectrochemical recovery of silver from Photographic Processing solutions
    Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2000
    Co-Authors: Bruno G Pollet, J P Lorimer, S S Phull, Jeanyves Hihn
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper describes the effect of ultrasound upon the electrochemical recovery of silver from Photographic Processing solutions using a newly designed electrochemical cell – SonoEcoCell. Rates of deposition of silver (obtained potentiostatically) were studied in the model ‘fix’ solutions (dilute aqueous Na 2 S 2 O 3 /NaHSO 3 at a stainless steel cylinder electrode in both the absence and the presence of ultrasound. Under silent conditions, the magnitude of the cathodic potential is a major factor in the removal of silver. Under 20 kHz sonication, the rate of deposition of silver increases with increasing ultrasonic intensity. The cathode efficiency is also enhanced under insonation. The position of the ultrasonic probe with respect to the rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) was studied. It was found that for a ‘face-on’ geometry (probe parallel to the electrode) led to higher rate constants compared with a ‘side-on’ geometry (probe perpendicular to the electrode). The effect of coupling an RCE with ultrasound upon these rate constants employing the two geometry was also investigated. It was found that, employing either the face-on or the side-on geometry alone, improved rate constants were obtained below approximately 1500 and 2000 rpm, respectively.

  • The effect of ultrasonic frequency and intensity upon electrode kinetic parameters for the Ag(S2O3)23−/Ag redox couple
    Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Bruno G Pollet, J P Lorimer, S S Phull, Jeanyves Hihn, Timothy J Mason, D J Walton, V. Ligier, M. Wéry
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the effect of ultrasound on electrochemical parameters important in the removal of silver from Photographic Processing solutions. Decomposition voltages (obtained galvanostatically) and discharge potentials (obtained potentiostatically) for the reduction of the silver complex, Ag(S_2O_3) _2 ^3- was studied in dilute aqueous Na_2S_2O_3/NaHSO_3 solution on stainless steel and carbon disc electrodes in both the absence and presence of ultrasound. Under silent conditions, silver deposition is the main reaction occurring at the electrode. Under sonication at 20 kHz and 500 kHz, the reduction wave shifts anodically with increasing ultrasonic intensity. Similarly, the discharge of hydrogen and oxygen shifts anodically and cathodically respectively with increasing ultrasonic power. The decrease in decomposition voltage in the presence of ultrasound is due to the combined effect of a decrease in anodic overpotential and an increase in cathodic overpotential.

  • the effect upon limiting currents and potentials of coupling a rotating disc and cylindrical electrode with ultrasound
    Electrochimica Acta, 1998
    Co-Authors: J P Lorimer, Bruno G Pollet, S S Phull, Timothy J Mason, D J Walton
    Abstract:

    The reduction of the silver cation, Ag+, was studied in dilute aqueous Na2S2O3/NaHSO3 solution at a platinum and stainless steel rotating electrode in the absence and presence of ultrasound. Under silent conditions, electrode potential measurements indicate that silver deposition is the main reaction occurring at the cathode during the electrolysis of a model Photographic Processing solution. Under insonation conditions at 20 kHz the reduction wave shifts anodically with increasing ultrasonic power. Similarly the discharge of hydrogen shifted anodically with increasing power. It is also shown that below 1000 r.p.m. insonation leads to improved limiting currents when compared to the silent system. As the rotation speed of the electrode increases above 1000 r.p.m., the limiting current decreases as the ultrasonic power increases.