The Experts below are selected from a list of 132 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christine There - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Physiocracy as an eighteenth century science
Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, 2017Co-Authors: Loic Charles, Christine ThereAbstract:Abstract In this chapter, we investigate the physiocratic claim that political economy is a new science and shows that it covers a sophisticated and nuanced range of discourses and practices. Francois Quesnay, the founder of Physiocracy, displayed a complex and original conception of science based on the entanglement of abstract knowledge with skilled practices and the importance of rooting science in the realm of bodily sensations. We show how he applied consistently this conception to physics (medicine), political economy, and geometry. We conclude by comparing the epistemology of some of his main disciples, especially Butre and Du Pont de Nemours, to that of Quesnay.
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jeux de mots narrative and economic writing the rhetoric of anti Physiocracy in french economic periodicals 1764 1769
European Journal of The History of Economic Thought, 2015Co-Authors: Loic Charles, Christine ThereAbstract:AbstractThis article analyses the extensive debate that took place from 1764 to 1769 between, on the one hand, Francois Quesnay and the Physiocrats and, on the other hand, a group of authors led by Francois Veron de Forbonnais. In this article, we argue that these exchanges have, to a large extent, structured the anti-physiocratic rhetoric.
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the economist as surveyor Physiocracy in the fields
History of Political Economy, 2012Co-Authors: Loic Charles, Christine ThereAbstract:In this article, we show that Quesnay, while himself devoted to a major analytical effort to create what was at the time, like today, assessed as an original and far-reaching social theory, was also very much concerned with the development of a systematic empirical inquiry of French economy and society. Our claim is that this program of observation was for Quesnay and the physiocrats no less important than their theoretical investigation. The results of the surveys and agricultural accounts they produced were integrated in some of the physiocrats’ main theoretical works like the Philosophie rurale, in more or less stylized form. Some of Quesnay’s aides were able to conduct land survey experiments that applied physiocratic knowledge to the measurement of concrete economic activities. In the 1760s, the integration of empirical and theoretical inquiries was sufficiently developed that one of Quesnay’s closest disciples, Charles Richard de Butre, conceived of a plan for some sort of national accounting.
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the writing workshop of francois quesnay and the making of Physiocracy
History of Political Economy, 2008Co-Authors: Christine There, Loic CharlesAbstract:Using archival materials, we investigate the scientific practices of Francois Quesnay and the individuals who worked with him in relation to their social background. Our contention is that, before 1764, the group of authors who shared Quesnay's commitment to an agrarian economic theory are best described as the “writing workshop” of Francois Quesnay rather than as the “physiocratic” school. Quesnay organized and supervised the work of these individuals, who assisted him in a manner clearly reminiscent of that of workshops of artists from late medieval and early modern Europe. On the one hand, Quesnay tightly controlled the work of those (the Marquis de Mirabeau, Pattullo, Du Pont de Nemours) who published economic writings, correcting and even rewriting whole parts of their texts. On the other hand, he commanded other writers/individuals to collect data and execute and verify calculations, most notably for his tableaux economiques. In other words, the production of political and economic writings was structured by a detailed division of labor organized by Quesnay, who acted as the master of a writing workshop. After the death of Madame de Pompadour, Quesnay's prominent patroness, in 1764, the situation changed. Quesnay's aura of power at court disappeared and with it, his writing workshop. The center of gravity of Physiocracy moved from Versailles to Paris, and the workshop was gradually replaced by the physiocratic school.
Loic Charles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Physiocracy as an eighteenth century science
Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, 2017Co-Authors: Loic Charles, Christine ThereAbstract:Abstract In this chapter, we investigate the physiocratic claim that political economy is a new science and shows that it covers a sophisticated and nuanced range of discourses and practices. Francois Quesnay, the founder of Physiocracy, displayed a complex and original conception of science based on the entanglement of abstract knowledge with skilled practices and the importance of rooting science in the realm of bodily sensations. We show how he applied consistently this conception to physics (medicine), political economy, and geometry. We conclude by comparing the epistemology of some of his main disciples, especially Butre and Du Pont de Nemours, to that of Quesnay.
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jeux de mots narrative and economic writing the rhetoric of anti Physiocracy in french economic periodicals 1764 1769
European Journal of The History of Economic Thought, 2015Co-Authors: Loic Charles, Christine ThereAbstract:AbstractThis article analyses the extensive debate that took place from 1764 to 1769 between, on the one hand, Francois Quesnay and the Physiocrats and, on the other hand, a group of authors led by Francois Veron de Forbonnais. In this article, we argue that these exchanges have, to a large extent, structured the anti-physiocratic rhetoric.
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the economist as surveyor Physiocracy in the fields
History of Political Economy, 2012Co-Authors: Loic Charles, Christine ThereAbstract:In this article, we show that Quesnay, while himself devoted to a major analytical effort to create what was at the time, like today, assessed as an original and far-reaching social theory, was also very much concerned with the development of a systematic empirical inquiry of French economy and society. Our claim is that this program of observation was for Quesnay and the physiocrats no less important than their theoretical investigation. The results of the surveys and agricultural accounts they produced were integrated in some of the physiocrats’ main theoretical works like the Philosophie rurale, in more or less stylized form. Some of Quesnay’s aides were able to conduct land survey experiments that applied physiocratic knowledge to the measurement of concrete economic activities. In the 1760s, the integration of empirical and theoretical inquiries was sufficiently developed that one of Quesnay’s closest disciples, Charles Richard de Butre, conceived of a plan for some sort of national accounting.
-
the writing workshop of francois quesnay and the making of Physiocracy
History of Political Economy, 2008Co-Authors: Christine There, Loic CharlesAbstract:Using archival materials, we investigate the scientific practices of Francois Quesnay and the individuals who worked with him in relation to their social background. Our contention is that, before 1764, the group of authors who shared Quesnay's commitment to an agrarian economic theory are best described as the “writing workshop” of Francois Quesnay rather than as the “physiocratic” school. Quesnay organized and supervised the work of these individuals, who assisted him in a manner clearly reminiscent of that of workshops of artists from late medieval and early modern Europe. On the one hand, Quesnay tightly controlled the work of those (the Marquis de Mirabeau, Pattullo, Du Pont de Nemours) who published economic writings, correcting and even rewriting whole parts of their texts. On the other hand, he commanded other writers/individuals to collect data and execute and verify calculations, most notably for his tableaux economiques. In other words, the production of political and economic writings was structured by a detailed division of labor organized by Quesnay, who acted as the master of a writing workshop. After the death of Madame de Pompadour, Quesnay's prominent patroness, in 1764, the situation changed. Quesnay's aura of power at court disappeared and with it, his writing workshop. The center of gravity of Physiocracy moved from Versailles to Paris, and the workshop was gradually replaced by the physiocratic school.
Thomas Ruellou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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defending free trade after Physiocracy on dugald stewart s architectonic of passions reason and providence
European Journal of The History of Economic Thought, 2017Co-Authors: Thomas RuellouAbstract:AbstractDugald Stewart (1753–1828) defended free trade in light of a providential account of Nature, according to which there would be an “identity of interests” (Halevy 1901–1904). He thereby tried to rid economic thought of references to conflicts and thus pursued the physiocrats’ programme rather than Adam Smith's. In fact, Stewart claimed that (i) self-love depends on an accommodation to Providence, by which individuals restrain their passions; (ii) self-love fosters actions that lead to a direct increase of public happiness; (iii) the perfectibility of mind allows to dismiss “legal despotism”, which can be replaced by religious education.
Eiko Yamamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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graslin s subjective theory of value as elaborated in his debate with a blind enthusiast of Physiocracy in 1767
History of Economics Review, 2019Co-Authors: Eiko YamamotoAbstract:J.-J.-L. Graslin, an ‘anti-economist’, who fundamentally criticized physiocratic doctrine, and N. Baudeau, described as a ‘blind enthusiast’ of Physiocracy, started an open controversy in journals ...
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graslin s subjective theory of value as elaborated in his debate with a blind enthusiast of Physiocracy in 1767
History of Economics Review, 2019Co-Authors: Eiko YamamotoAbstract:J.-J.-L. Graslin, an ‘anti-economist’, who fundamentally criticized physiocratic doctrine, and N. Baudeau, described as a ‘blind enthusiast’ of Physiocracy, started an open controversy in journals over the value of the processing industry in 1767. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the historical significance of their short-term controversy and Graslin’s far-sighted subjective theory of value confronting Physiocracy. As with other physiocrats, Baudeau insisted on the sterility of industry because it does not produce any net product. Baudeau argued that the value of a processed product was composed of two values: the value of materials and that of food for labour. By contrast, Graslin maintained that the value of labour must be considered separately from the value of food for labour. According to Graslin, labour that processes raw materials generates new value beyond the value of those materials, in the same way that agricultural labour generates value; therefore, the former type of labour is not sterile. The controversy symbolizes a preliminary confrontation between the upcoming cost theory of value and the subsequent subjective theory of value. On the latter, Graslin produces a table similar to Carl Menger’s table of needs satisfaction.
Maria Vitalivolant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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giuseppe gorani 1740 1819 et les reformes la physiocratie a l italienne the italian Physiocracy giuseppe gorani 1740 1819 and the reforms
Research Papers in Economics, 2004Co-Authors: Maria VitalivolantAbstract:L’Italie ne commence a sortir de la crise economique et politique dans laquelle est plongee au debut du XVIIIe siecle que vers le milieu du siecle. L’agriculture, l’industrie et le commerce s’epanouissent et demandent des reformes institutionnelles importantes. L’economie politique (l’etude des problemes monetaires et financiers) voit le jour. Certaines personnalites s’engagent dans la pensee de la reforme sur le plan ideologique. Parmi elles, le comte Giuseppe Gorani (Milan 1740-Geneve 1819). Inspire de Rousseau, Gorani oppose a la tyrannie le gouvernement d’un despote eclaire, et prone la lutte contre les corps intermediaires, les privileges de caste et la propriete. Gorani cite l’« ordre naturel » de la pensee physiocratique et revient sur le concept du droit de propriete, exalte la liberte absolue du commerce, la lutte contre les reglements, les impots et les autres inventions du fisc qui detruisent le commerce et l’agriculture, et preconise une grande circulation des richesses et des investissements par les possedants et par l’Etat. Gorani vise aussi la formation de « l’homme social » en harmonie avec le monde. Ses traites d’economie politique manifestent son esprit de revolte contre la societe arrieree de l’Ancien Regime, contre les prejuges et le clericalisme. The economic and political crisis in which Italy is embedded at the beginning of the 18th century ends at the midst of century. Agriculture, industry and commerce gain ground and need important institutional reforms. Political economy (the study of monetary and financial problems) was born. Some people adopt the thought of reform on an ideological point of view. Among these is the count Giuseppe Gorani (Milan 1740 - Geneva 1819). Inspired by Rousseau, Gorani opposes to the tyranny the government of an educated despot and recommend fighting against the intermediary classes, castes’ privileges and property. Gorani quotes the “natural order” of the physiocratic thought and criticizes the concept of property right, praises the absolute liberty of commerce, the struggle against rules, taxes and other inventions of the Treasury which destroy commerce and industry, and asks for a larger circulation of wealth and investments by owners and by the State. Gorany also aims at the formation of the “social man” in harmony with the world. His political economy treatises reveal his spirit of rebellion against the behind the times society of the old regime, against preconceptions and clericalism.