The Experts below are selected from a list of 102 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Elena Kokoliou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Technology & Behavior
internal, 2020Co-Authors: Elena KokoliouAbstract:: Shaving performance improvement by applying knowledge on physiological factors (e.g. heart rate) and behavioral aspects (e.g. number of strokes) that affect
Xiaoqiang Yao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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functional role of vanilloid transient receptor potential 4 canonical transient receptor potential 1 complex in flow induced ca2 influx
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Shuang Qiu, Jianhong Luo, Ching Yuen Ngai, Bing Shen, Ching On Wong, Yu Huang, Xiaoqiang YaoAbstract:Objective— The present study is aimed at investigating the interaction of TRPV4 with TRPC1 and the functional role of such an interaction in flow-induced Ca 2+ influx. Hemodynamic blood flow is an important Physiological Factor that modulates vascular tone. One critical early event in this process is a cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) rise in endothelial cells in response to flow. Methods and Results— With the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, coimmunoprecipitation, and subcellular colocalization methods, it was found that TRPC1 interacts physically with TRPV4 to form a complex. In functional studies, flow elicited a transient [Ca 2+ ] i increase in TRPV4-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Coexpression of TRPC1 with TRPV4 markedly prolonged this [Ca 2+ ] i transient; it also enabled this [Ca 2+ ] i transient to be negatively modulated by protein kinase G. Furthermore, this flow-induced [Ca 2+ ] i increase was markedly inhibited by anti–TRPC1-blocking antibody T1E3 and a dominant-negative construct TRPC1Δ567-793 in TRPV4-C1–coexpressing HEK cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. T1E3 also inhibited flow-induced vascular dilation in isolated rat small mesenteric artery segments. Conclusion— This study shows that TRPC1 interacts physically with TRPV4 to form a complex, and this TRPV4-C1 complex may mediate flow-induced Ca 2+ influx in vascular endothelial cells. The association of TRPC1 with TRPV4 prolongs the flow-induced [Ca 2+ ] i transient, and it also enables this [Ca 2+ ] i transient to be negatively modulated by protein kinase G. This TRPV4-C1 complex plays a key role in flow-induced endothelial Ca 2+ influx.
Tanja Poikonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fitness trade-offs mediated by immunosuppression costs in a small mammal
Evolution - International Journal of Organic Evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Suzanne C Mills, Alessandro Grapputo, Ilmari Jokinen, Esa Koskela, Tapio Mappes, Tanja PoikonenAbstract:Trade-offs are widespread between life-history traits, such as reproduction and survival. However, their underlying Physiological and behavioral mechanisms are less clear. One proposed Physiological Factor involves the trade-off between investment in male reproductive effort and immunity. Based on this hypothesis, we investigated differences in fitness between artificially selected immune response bank vole groups, Myodes glareolus. Significant heritability of immune response was found and a correlated response in testosterone levels to selection on immune function. Male reproductive effort, reproductive success, and survival of first generation offspring were assessed and we demonstrate a relationship between laboratory measured immune parameters and fitness parameters in field enclosures. We identify a trade-off between reproductive effort and survival with immune response and parasites as mediators. However, this trade-off results in equal male fitness in natural conditions, potentially demonstrating different male signaling strategies for either reproductive effort or survival. Females gain indirect genetic benefits for either genetic disease resistance or male reproductive effort, but not both. Immune response is genetically variable, genetically linked to testosterone and may indirectly maintain genetic variation for sexually selected traits. Evidence for both a genetic and a field trade-off between reproductive effort and survival indicates an evolutionary constraint on fitness traits.
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Testosterone-mediated effects on fitness-related phenotypic traits and fitness.
The American Naturalist, 2009Co-Authors: Suzanne C Mills, Alessandro Grapputo, Ilmari Jokinen, Esa Koskela, Tapio Mappes, Tuula A Oksanen, Tanja PoikonenAbstract:The Physiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying life-history trade-offs are a continued source of debate. Testosterone (T) is one Physiological Factor proposed to mediate the trade-off between reproduction and survival. We use phenotypic engineering and multiple laboratory and field fitness-related phenotypic traits to test the effects of elevated T between two bank vole Myodes glareolus groups: dominant and subordinate males. Males with naturally high T levels showed higher social status (laboratory dominance) and mobility (distance between capture sites) than low-T males, and the effect of T on immune response was also T group specific, suggesting that behavioral strategies may exist in male bank voles due to the correlated responses of T. Exogenous T enhanced social status, mate searching (polygon of capture sites), mobility, and reproductive success (relative measure of pups sired). However, exogenous T also resulted in the reduction of immune function, but only in males from the high-T group. This result may be explained either by the immunosuppression costs of T or by differential sensitivity of different behavioral strategies to steroids. Circulating T levels were found to be heritable; therefore, female bank voles would derive indirect genetic benefits via good genes from mating with males signaling dominance.
Shuang Qiu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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functional role of vanilloid transient receptor potential 4 canonical transient receptor potential 1 complex in flow induced ca2 influx
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Shuang Qiu, Jianhong Luo, Ching Yuen Ngai, Bing Shen, Ching On Wong, Yu Huang, Xiaoqiang YaoAbstract:Objective— The present study is aimed at investigating the interaction of TRPV4 with TRPC1 and the functional role of such an interaction in flow-induced Ca 2+ influx. Hemodynamic blood flow is an important Physiological Factor that modulates vascular tone. One critical early event in this process is a cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) rise in endothelial cells in response to flow. Methods and Results— With the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, coimmunoprecipitation, and subcellular colocalization methods, it was found that TRPC1 interacts physically with TRPV4 to form a complex. In functional studies, flow elicited a transient [Ca 2+ ] i increase in TRPV4-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Coexpression of TRPC1 with TRPV4 markedly prolonged this [Ca 2+ ] i transient; it also enabled this [Ca 2+ ] i transient to be negatively modulated by protein kinase G. Furthermore, this flow-induced [Ca 2+ ] i increase was markedly inhibited by anti–TRPC1-blocking antibody T1E3 and a dominant-negative construct TRPC1Δ567-793 in TRPV4-C1–coexpressing HEK cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. T1E3 also inhibited flow-induced vascular dilation in isolated rat small mesenteric artery segments. Conclusion— This study shows that TRPC1 interacts physically with TRPV4 to form a complex, and this TRPV4-C1 complex may mediate flow-induced Ca 2+ influx in vascular endothelial cells. The association of TRPC1 with TRPV4 prolongs the flow-induced [Ca 2+ ] i transient, and it also enables this [Ca 2+ ] i transient to be negatively modulated by protein kinase G. This TRPV4-C1 complex plays a key role in flow-induced endothelial Ca 2+ influx.
Dai Watanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social interactions affecting caste development through Physiological actions in termites
Frontiers in Physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Toru Miura, Hiroki Gotoh, Dai Watanabe, Kiyoto MaekawaAbstract:A colony of social insects is not only an aggregation of individuals but also a functional unit. To achieve adaptive social behavior in fluctuating environmental conditions, in addition to coordination of Physiological status in each individual, the whole colony is coordinated by interactions among colony members. The study on the regulation of social-insect colonies is termed “social physiology”. Termites, a major group of social insects, exhibit many interesting phenomena related to social physiology, such as mechanisms of caste regulation in a colony. In their colonies, there are different types of individuals, i.e., castes, which show distinctive phenotypes specialized in specific colony tasks. Termite castes comprise reproductives, soldiers and workers, and the caste composition can be altered depending on circumstances. For the regulation of caste compositions, interactions among individuals, i.e. social interactions, are thought to be important. In this article, we review previous studies on the adaptive meanings and those on the proximate mechanisms of the caste regulation in termites, and try to understand those comprehensively in terms of social physiology. Firstly, we summarize classical studies on the social interactions. Secondly, previous studies on the pheromone substances that mediate the caste regulatory mechanisms are overviewed. Then, we discuss the roles of a Physiological Factor, juvenile hormone (JH) in the regulation of caste differentiation. Finally, we introduce the achievements of molecular studies on the animal sociality (i.e. sociogenomics) in terms of social physiology. By comparing the proximate mechanisms of social physiology in termites with those in hymenopterans, we try to get insights into the general principles of social physiology in social animals.