The Experts below are selected from a list of 150075 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ajit K Maiti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vagal tone and the Physiological Regulation of emotion
Monographs of The Society for Research in Child Development, 1994Co-Authors: Stephen W. Porges, Jane A Doussardroosevelt, Ajit K MaitiAbstract:: On the basis of current knowledge of neuroanatomy and our previous research with cardiac vagal tone, we have proposed the vagal circuit of emotion Regulation. The vagal circuit of emotion Regulation incorporates lateral brain function with the Regulation of the peripheral autonomic nervous system in the expression of emotion. The vagus and the vagal circuit do not function independently of other neuroPhysiological and neuroendocrine systems. Research on brain activity (see Dawson, in this volume; Fox, in this volume) and research on adrenocortical activity (see Stansbury & Gunnar, in this volume) demonstrate that EEG and cortisol are related to emotion states and to individual differences similar to those that we have investigated. The vagal circuit emphasizes not only the vagus but also the lateralization of specific brain structures in emotion Regulation. The emphasis of the vagal circuit on right-brain-stem structures stimulates several testable hypotheses regarding the function of specific structures in the right brain in emotion Regulation. These speculations are consistent with other reports (see Dawson, in this volume; Fox, in this volume) describing asymmetrical EEG activity during expressed emotions. Moreover, the vagal circuit does not exist independently of the brain structures and peptide systems regulating cortisol (see Stansbury & Gunnar, in this volume). Areas in the brain stem regulating vagal activity are also sensitive to the peptides that regulate cortisol (e.g., vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone). In this essay, we have provided information regarding the relation between vagal tone and emotion Regulation. A review of research indicates that baseline levels of cardiac vagal tone and vagal tone reactivity abilities are associated with behavioral measures of reactivity, the expression of emotion, and self-Regulation skills. Thus, we propose that cardiac vagal tone can serve as an index of emotion Regulation. Historically, the vagus and other components of the parasympathetic nervous system have not been incorporated in theories of emotion. Recent developments in methodology have enabled us to define and accurately quantify cardiac vagal tone. Theories relating the parasympathetic nervous system to the expression and Regulation of emotion are now being tested in several laboratories.
Mordechai Sokolovsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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endothelins and sarafotoxins Physiological Regulation receptor subtypes and transmembrane signaling
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1992Co-Authors: Mordechai SokolovskyAbstract:The endothelins and sarafotoxins are two structurally related families of potent vasoactive peptides. Although the Physiological functions of these peptides are not entirely clear, the endothelins are probably involved in pathoPhysiological conditions such as hypertension and heart failure. This review summarizes the state of the art in some areas of this intensively studied subject, including: (1) structure-function relationships of ET/SRTX, (2) ET concentrations in plasma, (3) ET/SRTX receptor subtypes and (4) signaling events mediated by the activation of ET/SRTX receptors.
Kevin A Pelphrey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physiology and functioning parents vagal tone emotion socialization and children s emotion knowledge
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Susan B Perlman, Linda A. Camras, Kevin A PelphreyAbstract:This study examined relationships among parents’ Physiological Regulation, their emotion socialization behaviors, and their children’s emotion knowledge. Parents’ resting cardiac vagal tone was measured, and parents provided information regarding their socialization behaviors and family emotional expressiveness. Their 4- or 5-year-old children (N = 42) participated in a laboratory session in which their knowledge of emotional facial expressions and situations was tested and their own resting vagal tone was monitored. Results showed that parents’ vagal tone was related to their socialization behaviors, and several parent socialization variables were related to their children’s emotion knowledge. These findings suggest that parents’ Physiological Regulation may affect the emotional development of their children by influencing their parenting behaviors.
Jonathan Hoggatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pleiotropic effects of prostaglandin e2 in hematopoiesis prostaglandin e2 and other eicosanoids regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function
Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, 2011Co-Authors: Louis M Pelus, Jonathan HoggattAbstract:Eicosanoids have been implicated in the Physiological Regulation of hematopoiesis with pleiotropic effects on hematopoietic stem cells and various classes of lineage restricted progenitor cells. Herein we review the effects of eicosanoids on hematopoiesis, focusing on new findings implicating prostaglandin E2 in enhancing hematopoietic stem cell engraftment by enhancing stem cell homing, survival and self-renewal. We also describe a role for cannabinoids in hematopoiesis. Lastly, we discuss the yin and yang of various eicosanoids in modulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell functions and summarize potential strategies to take advantage of these effects for therapeutic benefit for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Tracy L Spinrad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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respiratory sinus arrhythmia effortful control and parenting as predictors of children s sympathy across early childhood
Developmental Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Zoe E Taylor, Tracy L SpinradAbstract:The goal of this study was to examine Physiological and environmental predictors of children’s sympathy (an emotional response consisting of feelings of concern or sorrow for others who are distressed or in need) and whether temperamental effortful control mediated these relations. Specifically, in a study of 192 children (23% Hispanic; 54% male), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure thought to reflect Physiological Regulation, and observed authoritative parenting (both at 42 months) were examined as predictors of children’s effortful control (at 54 months) and, in turn, children’s sympathy (at 72 and 84 months). Measures of both baseline RSA and RSA suppression were examined. In a structural equation model, observed parenting was positively related to children’s subsequent sympathy through its positive relation to effortful control. Furthermore, the indirect path from baseline RSA to higher sympathy through effortful control was marginally significant. Authoritative parenting and baseline RSA uniquely predicted individual differences in children’s effortful control. Findings highlight the potential role of both authoritative parenting and Physiological Regulation in the development of children’s sympathy.
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Physiological Regulation and fearfulness as predictors of young children s empathy related reactions
Social Development, 2011Co-Authors: Jeffrey Liew, Natalie D Eggum, Tracy L Spinrad, Mark Reiser, Cynthia L Smith, R G Haugen, Anne Kupfer, Kathryn Lemerychalfant, Melinda E BahamAbstract:Indices of Physiological Regulation (i.e., resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] and RSA suppression) and observed fearfulness were tested as predictors of empathy-related reactions to an unfamiliar person's simulated distress within and across 18 (T1, N = 247) and 30 (T2, N = 216) months of age. Controlling for T1 helping, high RSA suppression and low fearfulness at T1 predicted T2 helping. In a structural model, empathic concern was marginally positively related to resting RSA at both assessments whereas personal distress was related to RSA suppression within time (marginally positively at T1 and significantly negatively at T2). Fearfulness was associated with self-oriented, distress-related reactions within time. Comfort seeking (an index of personal distress) declined in mean level with age whereas helping increased, and both behaviors exhibited differential continuity (as did resting RSA). Individual, as well as developmental, differences in the types of reactions that young children exhibit when witnessing others' suffering and distress were discussed.
