The Experts below are selected from a list of 147 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Karen Messing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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we work by the second Piecework remuneration and occupational health and safety from an ethnicity and gender sensitive perspective
Perspectives Interdisciplinaires sur le Travail et la Santé, 2008Co-Authors: Stephanie Premji, Katherine Lippel, Karen MessingAbstract:Few qualitative studies have described the mechanisms by which Piecework influences health. We present the results of 25 interviews conducted between 2004 and 2006 in a large garment factory in Montreal. We describe the workforce, made up in large part of women and immigrants, the requirements and constraints of production, workers’ strategies favouring production and those favouring health, and the management and impact of the health problems experienced by workers. In addition, we compare the experience of Piecework to its representation by various stakeholders (employers, workers, decision-makers, doctors) as reported in 62 decisions regarding compensation claims for work-related health problems rendered by the Commission des lesions professionnelles (C.L.P.) between 2000 and 2007, decisions pertaining to the garment industry and mentioning Piecework. We examine the causes and discuss the implications of our results.
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when is light work heavy components of the physical workload of sewing machine operators working at Piecework rates
Applied Ergonomics, 1992Co-Authors: Nicole Vezina, Daniel Tierney, Karen MessingAbstract:Abstract Epidemiologists have associated the job of sewing machine operators with a high incidence of musculoskeletal and other health problems, despite its classifications as light work according to energy expenditure criteria. An ergonomic analysis was undertaken in a trouser factory in order to describe components of the physical load of this work: force exerted, repetitions, time allocation and postures. Work activity of ten operators was observed and timed in situ, and forces were measured with a dynamometer. The time required to sew one seam is very short, 10–15 s per trouser leg. This short cycle is repeated more than 1500 times during the work day, involving quasi-continuous movements of the same parts of the body. The fact that movements are repeated so many times means that small details of the task assume a great importance. During the work day, a substantial force is exerted, only part of which can be measured with current technology. By these measurements, operators lift an average 406.1 kg of trousers per day and exert an average total force of 2858.4 kg with the upper limbs and 24 267.9 kg with the lower limbs. The work posture is static: seated with upper back curved and head bent over the sewing machine. Movements of the upper limbs involve abduction and adduction of the shoulders while exerting a force. For the same task, there is considerable variation in the dimensions of workstations. Interviews were conducted to determine the types of musculoskeletal complaints. The components of work activity could be treated to these complaints and to existing epidemiological data on musculoskeletal problems among sewing machine operators. This type of detailed examination can be applied by health and safety personnel to identify task components which could be changed to minimize the probability of musculoskeletal problems.
Paul Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the hot house and the politics of production Piecework bargaining in retrospect
Industrial Relations Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Paul EdwardsAbstract:Brown's studies of Piecework bargaining are reviewed in light of later research and changing conditions. Some extensions are needed, for example, in relation to the definition of custom and practice. And some neglected themes, notably the role of gender in workplace bargaining, need attention. But the analytical framework is essentially robust. Its theoretical pay-off is elaborated, and arguments that industrial relations lacks an adequate theory of pay are disputed. Its current relevance is illustrated in relation to the explosion of pay at the top of the earnings distribution.
Nicole Vezina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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when is light work heavy components of the physical workload of sewing machine operators working at Piecework rates
Applied Ergonomics, 1992Co-Authors: Nicole Vezina, Daniel Tierney, Karen MessingAbstract:Abstract Epidemiologists have associated the job of sewing machine operators with a high incidence of musculoskeletal and other health problems, despite its classifications as light work according to energy expenditure criteria. An ergonomic analysis was undertaken in a trouser factory in order to describe components of the physical load of this work: force exerted, repetitions, time allocation and postures. Work activity of ten operators was observed and timed in situ, and forces were measured with a dynamometer. The time required to sew one seam is very short, 10–15 s per trouser leg. This short cycle is repeated more than 1500 times during the work day, involving quasi-continuous movements of the same parts of the body. The fact that movements are repeated so many times means that small details of the task assume a great importance. During the work day, a substantial force is exerted, only part of which can be measured with current technology. By these measurements, operators lift an average 406.1 kg of trousers per day and exert an average total force of 2858.4 kg with the upper limbs and 24 267.9 kg with the lower limbs. The work posture is static: seated with upper back curved and head bent over the sewing machine. Movements of the upper limbs involve abduction and adduction of the shoulders while exerting a force. For the same task, there is considerable variation in the dimensions of workstations. Interviews were conducted to determine the types of musculoskeletal complaints. The components of work activity could be treated to these complaints and to existing epidemiological data on musculoskeletal problems among sewing machine operators. This type of detailed examination can be applied by health and safety personnel to identify task components which could be changed to minimize the probability of musculoskeletal problems.
Alexandr Y Lerner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toward the constructive theory of human social behavior v labor behavior under Piecework pay
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1992Co-Authors: Yuri B Chernyak, Arkadii I Leonov, Alexandr Y LernerAbstract:This paper is the fifth in our series (see references 1–4) aimed at describing the functioning of a human community (for example, a firm, a region, or a state) on the basis of a “microscopic” picture that represents individual deeds (behavior, in fact). General principles are outlined in reference 1, where we formulate an extremal principle that governs the behavior of individs and, thereby, the life of whole community. The description is, generally, closed, by which it is implied that the goods and services consumed by each individ result mainly from the labor of other members of the society (see also references 5 and 6).
Vili Lehdonvirta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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flexibility in the gig economy managing time on three online Piecework platforms
New Technology Work and Employment, 2018Co-Authors: Vili LehdonvirtaAbstract:Gig economy platforms seem to provide extreme temporal flexibility to workers, giving them full control over how to spend each hour and minute of the day. What constraints do workers face when attempting to exercise this flexibility? We use 30 worker interviews and other data to compare three online Piecework platforms with different histories and worker demographics: Mechanical Turk, MobileWorks, and CloudFactory. We find that structural constraints (availability of work and degree of worker dependence on the work) as well as cultural‐cognitive constraints (procrastination and presenteeism) limit worker control over scheduling in practice. The severity of these constraints varies significantly between platforms, the formally freest platform presenting the greatest structural and cultural‐cognitive constraints. We also find that workers have developed informal practices, tools, and communities to address these constraints. We conclude that focusing on outcomes rather than on worker control is a more fruitful way to assess flexible working arrangements.