The Experts below are selected from a list of 50535 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew G Van Kessel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on the performance and cecum microbial profile of suckling Piglets
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Tadele G Kiros, Diana Luise, Hooman Derakhshani, Renee M Petri, Paolo Trevisi, Romain Dinca, Eric Auclair, Andrew G Van KesselAbstract:One mechanism through which S. cerevisiae may improve the performance of pigs is by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, a response that may be enhanced by early postnatal supplementation of probiotics. To test this hypothesis, newborn Piglets (16 Piglets/group) were treated with either S. cerevisiae yeast (5 x 109 cfu/pig: Low) or (2.5 x 1010 cfu/piglet: High) or equivalent volume of sterile water (Control) by oral gavage every other day starting from day 1 of age until weaning (28±1 days of age). Piglet body weight was recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24 and 28 and average daily gain (ADG) calculated for the total period. At weaning, Piglets were euthanized to collect cecum content for microbial profiling by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. ADG was higher in both Low and High yeast groups than in Control group (P<0.05). Alpha diversity analyses indicated a more diverse microbiota in the Control group compared with Low yeast group; the High yeast being intermediate (P < 0.01). Similarly, Beta diversity analyses indicated differences among treatments (P = 0.03), mainly between Low yeast and Control groups (P = 0.02). The sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) indicated that Control group was discriminated by a higher abundance of Veillonella, Dorea, Oscillospira and Clostridium; Low yeast treated pigs by higher Blautia, Collinsella and Eubacterium; and High yeast treated pigs by higher Eubacterium, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, Mogibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis showed that piglet ADG was positively correlated with genus Prevotella in High yeast group. Yeast supplementation significantly affected microbial diversity in cecal contents of suckling Piglets associated with an improvement of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, yeast treatment improved piglet performance and shaped the piglet cecum microbiota composition in a dose dependent way.
Andrea Ladinig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Congenital infection with atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is associated with disease and viral persistence
Veterinary Research, 2017Co-Authors: Lukas Schwarz, Christiane Riedel, Leonie J. Sinn, Thomas Voglmayr, Bettina Wöchtl, Barbara Rebel-bauder, Sandra Högler, Nora Dinhopl, Herbert Weissenböck, Andrea LadinigAbstract:In 2013, several Austrian piglet-producing farms recorded outbreaks of action-related repetitive myoclonia in newborn Piglets (“shaking Piglets”). Malnutrition was seen in numerous Piglets as a complication of this tremor syndrome. Overall piglet mortality was increased and the number of weaned Piglets per sow decreased by more than 10% due to this outbreak. Histological examination of the CNS of affected Piglets revealed moderate hypomyelination of the white substance in cerebellum and spinal cord. We detected a recently discovered pestivirus, termed atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) in all these cases by RT-PCR. A genomic sequence and seven partial sequences were determined and revealed a 90% identity to the US APPV sequences and 92% identity to German sequences. In confirmation with previous reports, APPV genomes were identified in different body fluids and tissues including the CNS of diseased Piglets. APPV could be isolated from a “shaking piglet”, which was incapable of consuming colostrum, and passaged on different porcine cells at very low titers. To assess the antibody response a blocking ELISA was developed targeting NS3. APPV specific antibodies were identified in sows and in PCR positive Piglets affected by congenital tremor (CT). APPV genomes were detected continuously in Piglets that gradually recovered from CT, while the antibody titers decreased over a 12-week interval, pointing towards maternally transmitted antibodies. High viral loads were detectable by qRT-PCR in saliva and semen of infected young adults indicating a persistent infection.
Hans J. Nauwynck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Sebastiaan Theuns, Jelle Matthijnssens, Bert Vanmechelen, Quinten Bernaert, Ward Deboutte, Marilou Vandenhole, Leen Beller, Piet Maes, Hans J. NauwynckAbstract:Enteric diseases in swine are often caused by different pathogens and thus metagenomics are a useful tool for diagnostics. The capacities of nanopore sequencing for viral diagnostics were investigated here. First, cell culture-grown porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and rotavirus A were pooled and sequenced on a MinION. Reads were already detected at 7 seconds after start of sequencing, resulting in high sequencing depths (19.2 to 103.5X) after 3 h. Next, diarrheic feces of a one-week-old piglet was analyzed. Almost all reads (99%) belonged to bacteriophages, which may have reshaped the piglet’s microbiome. Contigs matched Bacteroides , Escherichia and Enterococcus phages. Moreover, porcine kobuvirus was discovered in the feces for the first time in Belgium. Suckling Piglets shed kobuvirus from one week of age, but an association between peak of viral shedding (10^6.42–10^7.01 copies/swab) and diarrheic signs was not observed during a follow-up study. Retrospective analysis showed the widespread (n = 25, 56.8% positive) of genetically moderately related kobuviruses among Belgian diarrheic Piglets. MinION enables rapid detection of enteric viruses. Such new methodologies will change diagnostics, but more extensive validations should be conducted. The true enteric pathogenicity of porcine kobuvirus should be questioned, while its subclinical importance cannot be excluded.
Tadele G Kiros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on the performance and cecum microbial profile of suckling Piglets
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Tadele G Kiros, Diana Luise, Hooman Derakhshani, Renee M Petri, Paolo Trevisi, Romain Dinca, Eric Auclair, Andrew G Van KesselAbstract:One mechanism through which S. cerevisiae may improve the performance of pigs is by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, a response that may be enhanced by early postnatal supplementation of probiotics. To test this hypothesis, newborn Piglets (16 Piglets/group) were treated with either S. cerevisiae yeast (5 x 109 cfu/pig: Low) or (2.5 x 1010 cfu/piglet: High) or equivalent volume of sterile water (Control) by oral gavage every other day starting from day 1 of age until weaning (28±1 days of age). Piglet body weight was recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24 and 28 and average daily gain (ADG) calculated for the total period. At weaning, Piglets were euthanized to collect cecum content for microbial profiling by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. ADG was higher in both Low and High yeast groups than in Control group (P<0.05). Alpha diversity analyses indicated a more diverse microbiota in the Control group compared with Low yeast group; the High yeast being intermediate (P < 0.01). Similarly, Beta diversity analyses indicated differences among treatments (P = 0.03), mainly between Low yeast and Control groups (P = 0.02). The sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) indicated that Control group was discriminated by a higher abundance of Veillonella, Dorea, Oscillospira and Clostridium; Low yeast treated pigs by higher Blautia, Collinsella and Eubacterium; and High yeast treated pigs by higher Eubacterium, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, Mogibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis showed that piglet ADG was positively correlated with genus Prevotella in High yeast group. Yeast supplementation significantly affected microbial diversity in cecal contents of suckling Piglets associated with an improvement of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, yeast treatment improved piglet performance and shaped the piglet cecum microbiota composition in a dose dependent way.
Lukas Schwarz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Congenital infection with atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is associated with disease and viral persistence
Veterinary Research, 2017Co-Authors: Lukas Schwarz, Christiane Riedel, Leonie J. Sinn, Thomas Voglmayr, Bettina Wöchtl, Barbara Rebel-bauder, Sandra Högler, Nora Dinhopl, Herbert Weissenböck, Andrea LadinigAbstract:In 2013, several Austrian piglet-producing farms recorded outbreaks of action-related repetitive myoclonia in newborn Piglets (“shaking Piglets”). Malnutrition was seen in numerous Piglets as a complication of this tremor syndrome. Overall piglet mortality was increased and the number of weaned Piglets per sow decreased by more than 10% due to this outbreak. Histological examination of the CNS of affected Piglets revealed moderate hypomyelination of the white substance in cerebellum and spinal cord. We detected a recently discovered pestivirus, termed atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) in all these cases by RT-PCR. A genomic sequence and seven partial sequences were determined and revealed a 90% identity to the US APPV sequences and 92% identity to German sequences. In confirmation with previous reports, APPV genomes were identified in different body fluids and tissues including the CNS of diseased Piglets. APPV could be isolated from a “shaking piglet”, which was incapable of consuming colostrum, and passaged on different porcine cells at very low titers. To assess the antibody response a blocking ELISA was developed targeting NS3. APPV specific antibodies were identified in sows and in PCR positive Piglets affected by congenital tremor (CT). APPV genomes were detected continuously in Piglets that gradually recovered from CT, while the antibody titers decreased over a 12-week interval, pointing towards maternally transmitted antibodies. High viral loads were detectable by qRT-PCR in saliva and semen of infected young adults indicating a persistent infection.
