The Experts below are selected from a list of 19902 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Javier Velazquezmoctezuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • role of sleep in the regulation of the immune system and the Pituitary Hormones
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Beatriz Gomezgonzalez, Emilio Dominguezsalazar, Gabriela Hurtadoalvarado, Enrique Esquedaleon, Rafael Santanamiranda, Jose Angel Rojaszamorano, Javier Velazquezmoctezuma
    Abstract:

    Sleep is characterized by a reduced response to external stimuli and a particular form of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Sleep is divided into two stages: REM sleep, characterized by muscle atonia, rapid eye movements, and EEG activity similar to wakefulness, and non-REM sleep, characterized by slow EEG activity. Around 80% of total sleep time is non-REM. Although it has been intensely studied for decades, the function (or functions) of sleep remains elusive. Sleep is a highly regulated state; some brain regions and several Hormones and cytokines participate in sleep regulation. This mini-review focuses on how Pituitary Hormones and cytokines regulate or affect sleep and how sleep modifies the plasma concentration of Hormones as well as cytokines. Also, we review the effects of hypophysectomy and some autoimmune diseases on sleep pattern. Finally, we propose that one of the functions of sleep is to maintain the integrity of the neuro–immune–endocrine system.

Yukika Kawabatasakata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • androgen dependent sexual dimorphism in Pituitary tryptophan hydroxylase expression relevance to sex differences in Pituitary Hormones
    Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yukika Kawabatasakata, Yuji Nishiike, Thomas Fleming, Yukiko Kikuchi, Kataaki Okubo
    Abstract:

    Serotonin is a biogenic monoamine conserved across phyla that is implicated in diverse physiological and behavioural functions. On examining the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes in serotonin synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylases (TPHs), in the teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes), we found that males have much higher levels of tph1 expression as compared with females. This robust sexual dimorphism was found to probably result from the direct stimulation of tph1 transcription by androgen/androgen receptor binding to canonical bipartite androgen-responsive elements in its proximal promoter region. Our results further revealed that tph1 expression occurs exclusively in pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc)-expressing cells and that the resulting serotonin and its derivative melatonin inhibit the expression of the Pituitary hormone genes, fshb, sl and tshb. This suggests that serotonin and/or melatonin synthesized in pomc-expressing cells act in a paracrine manner to suppress Pituitary hormone levels. Consistent with these findings and the male-biased expression of tph1, the expression levels of fshb, sl and tshb were all higher in females than in males. Taken together, the male bias in tph1 expression and consequent serotonin/melatonin production presumably contribute to sex differences in the expression of Pituitary Hormones and ultimately in the physiological functions mediated by them.

Simon J. Rhodes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Genetic defects in the development and function of the anterior Pituitary gland.
    Annals of Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: Lisa J Cushman, Aaron D. Showalter, Simon J. Rhodes
    Abstract:

    Genetic defects affecting the hypothalamic-Pituitary-target organ axes can cause a variety of diseases involving restricted or broad disruptions of human development and physiology. At the level of the anterior Pituitary gland, mutations in the genes encoding key transcription factors, hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormone receptors, and the Pituitary Hormones themselves, can all result in the loss of action of one or more of the specialized hormone-secreting cell types. This article focuses on the effects of inherited and sporadic mutations on the development and function of the anterior Pituitary. Mutations in the genes encoding the HESX1, PITX2, LHX3, LHX4, PROP1, PIT1, SF1, and TPIT developmental transcription factors are associated with combined Pituitary hormone deficiency diseases. By contrast, deleterious alterations in the genes that encode hypothalamic releasing hormone receptors or Pituitary Hormones, such as the growth hormone releasing hormone receptor or growth hormone genes, usually...

Beatriz Gomezgonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • role of sleep in the regulation of the immune system and the Pituitary Hormones
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Beatriz Gomezgonzalez, Emilio Dominguezsalazar, Gabriela Hurtadoalvarado, Enrique Esquedaleon, Rafael Santanamiranda, Jose Angel Rojaszamorano, Javier Velazquezmoctezuma
    Abstract:

    Sleep is characterized by a reduced response to external stimuli and a particular form of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Sleep is divided into two stages: REM sleep, characterized by muscle atonia, rapid eye movements, and EEG activity similar to wakefulness, and non-REM sleep, characterized by slow EEG activity. Around 80% of total sleep time is non-REM. Although it has been intensely studied for decades, the function (or functions) of sleep remains elusive. Sleep is a highly regulated state; some brain regions and several Hormones and cytokines participate in sleep regulation. This mini-review focuses on how Pituitary Hormones and cytokines regulate or affect sleep and how sleep modifies the plasma concentration of Hormones as well as cytokines. Also, we review the effects of hypophysectomy and some autoimmune diseases on sleep pattern. Finally, we propose that one of the functions of sleep is to maintain the integrity of the neuro–immune–endocrine system.

Kataaki Okubo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • androgen dependent sexual dimorphism in Pituitary tryptophan hydroxylase expression relevance to sex differences in Pituitary Hormones
    Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yukika Kawabatasakata, Yuji Nishiike, Thomas Fleming, Yukiko Kikuchi, Kataaki Okubo
    Abstract:

    Serotonin is a biogenic monoamine conserved across phyla that is implicated in diverse physiological and behavioural functions. On examining the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes in serotonin synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylases (TPHs), in the teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes), we found that males have much higher levels of tph1 expression as compared with females. This robust sexual dimorphism was found to probably result from the direct stimulation of tph1 transcription by androgen/androgen receptor binding to canonical bipartite androgen-responsive elements in its proximal promoter region. Our results further revealed that tph1 expression occurs exclusively in pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc)-expressing cells and that the resulting serotonin and its derivative melatonin inhibit the expression of the Pituitary hormone genes, fshb, sl and tshb. This suggests that serotonin and/or melatonin synthesized in pomc-expressing cells act in a paracrine manner to suppress Pituitary hormone levels. Consistent with these findings and the male-biased expression of tph1, the expression levels of fshb, sl and tshb were all higher in females than in males. Taken together, the male bias in tph1 expression and consequent serotonin/melatonin production presumably contribute to sex differences in the expression of Pituitary Hormones and ultimately in the physiological functions mediated by them.