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Françoise Medale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • QTLs linked to survival and growth of rainbow trout fed a 100% Plant-Based Diet in rainbow trout since the first meal
    2019
    Co-Authors: Nicolas Dechamp, Edwige Quillet, Françoise Medale, Sandrine Skiba-cassy, Frédéric Terrier, Jonathan D'ambrosio, Frédéric Cachelou, A. Bestin, Florence Phocas, Mathilde Dupont-nivet
    Abstract:

    QTLs linked to survival and growth of rainbow trout fed a 100% Plant-Based Diet in rainbow trout since the first meal. Aquaculture Europe 2019

  • Long-Term Dietary Replacement of Fishmeal and Fish Oil in Diets for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss): Effects on Growth, Whole Body Fatty Acids and Intestinal and Hepatic Gene Expression
    PLoS ONE, 2018
    Co-Authors: Viviana Lazzarotto, Françoise Medale, Laurence Larroquet, Geneviève Corraze
    Abstract:

    The effects of replacing fishmeal and fish oil with a Plant-Based Diet were studied in juvenile (10g) and ongrowing (250-350g) rainbow trout from first-feeding. Feed-related differences in the intestinal and hepatic transcriptome were examined in juveniles after 7 months of feeding at 7ÊC. Based on microarray results obtained for juveniles, the expression of selected genes related to lipid, cholesterol and energy metabolisms, was assessed by RTqPCR in ongrowing trout after 6 additional months of feeding at 17ÊC. Plasma glucose and cholesterol, lipid content and fatty acid profile of whole body were analyzed at both stages. After 7 months at 7ÊC, all juveniles reached the same body weight (10g), while at 13 months ongrowing fish fed the totally Plant-Based Diet exhibited lower body weight (234 vs 330- 337g). Body lipid content was higher in juveniles fed the totally Plant-Based Diet (13.2 vs 9.4±9.9%), and plasma cholesterol was about 2-times lower in trout fed the Plant-Based Diets at both stages. Fatty acid profile mirrored that of the respective Diet, with low proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish fed Plant-Based Diets. Genes involved in protein catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and trafficking were down-regulated in the intestines of juveniles fed the Plant-Based Diets. This was not true for ongrowing fish. Genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolisms were up-regulated in the livers of fish fed Plant-Based Diets for both stages. In this study, feeding trout a totally Plant-Based Diet from first-feeding affect a relatively low proportion of metabolism-related genes. In the longer term, when fish were reared at a higher temperature, only some of these changes were maintained (i.e. up-regulation of lipid/cholesterol metabolism). Although the Plant-Based Diets tested in this study had no major deficiencies, small adjustments in the feed-formula are needed to further optimize growth performance while sparing marine resources.

  • Impact of selection for better utilization of 100 % Plant-Based Diet on disease resistance in rainbow trout
    2017
    Co-Authors: Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Françoise Medale, Margaux Crusot, Nicolas Dechamp, Dimitri Rigaudeau, Pierre Boudinot, S Calvez, Jean Francois Bernardet, Edwige Quillet
    Abstract:

    Impact of selection for better utilization of 100 % Plant-Based Diet on disease resistance in rainbow trout. Aquaculture Europe 2017

  • Ability to grow and survive with 100 % Plant-Based Diet in rainbow trout : contrasted genotypes help to understand underlying mechanisms
    2017
    Co-Authors: Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Edwige Quillet, Laurent Labbé, Thérèse Callet, Inge Geurden, Sandrine Skiba, Denis Laloë, Florence Jaffrezic, Françoise Medale
    Abstract:

    Ability to grow and survive with 100 % Plant-Based Diet in rainbow trout : contrasted genotypes help to understand underlying mechanisms. XVI congreso nacional de acuicultura - Journée Franco Espagnole

  • Long-term feeding a Plant-Based Diet devoid of marine ingredients strongly affects certain key metabolic enzymes in the rainbow trout liver
    Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Vincent Veron, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Stephane Panserat, Richard Le Boucher, Laurent Labbé, Françoise Medale
    Abstract:

    Incorporation of a plant blend in the Diet can affect growth parameters and metabolism in carnivorous fish. We studied for the first time the long-term (1 year) metabolic response of rainbow trout fed from first feeding with a Plant-Based Diet totally devoid of marine ingredients. Hepatic enzymes were analyzed at enzymatic and molecular levels, at 3, 8 and 24 h after the last meal to study both the short-term effects of the last meal and long-term effects of the Diet. The results were compared with those of fish fed a control Diet of fish meal and fish oil. Growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and protein retention were lower in the group fed the Plant-Based Diet. Glucokinase and pyruvate kinase activity were lower in the livers of trout fed the Plant-Based Diet which the proportion of starch was lower than in the control Diet. Glutamate dehydrogenase was induced by the Plant-Based Diet, suggesting an imbalance of amino acids and a possible link with the lower protein retention observed. Gene expression of delta 6 desaturase was higher in fish fed the Plant-Based Diet, probably linked to a high Dietary level of linolenic acid and the absence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase expression was also induced by Plant-Based Diet because of the low rate of cholesterol in the Diet. Changes in regulation mechanisms already identified through short-term nutritional experiments (

Mathilde Dupont-nivet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • QTLs linked to survival and growth of rainbow trout fed a 100% Plant-Based Diet in rainbow trout since the first meal
    2019
    Co-Authors: Nicolas Dechamp, Edwige Quillet, Françoise Medale, Sandrine Skiba-cassy, Frédéric Terrier, Jonathan D'ambrosio, Frédéric Cachelou, A. Bestin, Florence Phocas, Mathilde Dupont-nivet
    Abstract:

    QTLs linked to survival and growth of rainbow trout fed a 100% Plant-Based Diet in rainbow trout since the first meal. Aquaculture Europe 2019

  • Suplementing aquafeeds with new alternative ingredients: a promising solution to improve Plant-Based Diet efficiency in rainbow trout
    2019
    Co-Authors: Sandrine Skiba-cassy, Geneviève Corraze, Laurent Labbé, Thierry Kerneis, Christine Burel, Frédéric Terrier, Nadège Richard, Y. Marchand, Mathilde Dupont-nivet
    Abstract:

    Suplementing aquafeeds with new alternative ingredients: a promising solution to improve Plant-Based Diet efficiency in rainbow trout. Aquaculture Europe 2019

  • Detection of new pathways involved in the acceptance and the utilisation of a Plant-Based Diet in isogenic lines of rainbow trout fry.
    PLoS ONE, 2018
    Co-Authors: Thérèse Callet, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Laurent Labbé, Inge Geurden, Marianne Cluzeaud, Thierry Kerneis, Denis Laloë, Florence Jaffrezic, David Mazurais
    Abstract:

    To meet the growing demand of fish feed for aquaculture, an increasing proportion of marine ingredients are being replaced by blends of plant products. However, the total replacement of marine ingredients in salmonid Diets impairs fish performance. This is particularly true during the early fry stage and this stage is therefore considered of particular importance. In rainbow trout (RBT), the existence of a genetic variability to survive and grow with Plant-Based Diets devoid of marine ingredients has now been proved, but the mechanisms behind are little studied especially at early stage. To investigate these, we analysed the whole transcriptome of three isogenic lines of RBT fry, which have similar growth when fed a marine resources-based Diet (M Diet) but which highly differ in their responses to a Plant-Based Diet (V Diet). Analysis of transcriptomes profiles revealed 1740, 1834 and 246 probes differentially expressed among the three genotypes when fed the V Diet. The use of these lines led to the discovery of potential molecular markers linked to Plant-Based Diet utilisation, some of them belonging to new pathways, never described before. An important number of genes was related to immunity, but further investigations are needed to better understand the difference between the genotypes in their immune status response to V Diet exposure. Finally, differences in expression of genes related to feed intake and sensory perception among genotypes suggested that the mechanisms underlying the differences in growth on Plant-Based Diet are closely linked to Diet acceptance. Research on plants components affecting feed intake should be thus further explored.

  • Regulation of genes related to cholesterol metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a Plant-Based Diet
    AJP - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tengfei Zhu, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Geneviève Corraze, Elisabeth Plagnes- Juan, Sandrine Skiba-cassy
    Abstract:

    When compared with fish meal and fish oil, plant ingredients differ not only in their protein content and amino acid and fatty acid profiles but are also devoid of cholesterol, the major component of cell membrane and precursor of several bioactive compounds. Based on these nutritional characteristics, Plant-Based Diets can affect fish physiology and cholesterol metabolism. To investigate the mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis, rainbow trout were fed from 1 g body wt for 6 mo with a totally Plant-Based Diet (V), a marine Diet (M), and a marine-restricted Diet (MR), with feed intake adjusted to that of the V group. The expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, esterification, excretion, bile acid synthesis, and cholesterol efflux was measured in liver. Results showed that genes involved in cholesterol synthesis were upregulated in trout fed the V Diet, whereas expression of genes related to bile acid synthesis (cyp7a1) and cholesterol elimination (abcg8) were reduced. Feeding trout the V Diet also enhanced the expression of srebp-2 while reducing that of lxr and miR-223. Overall, these data suggested that rainbow trout coped with the altered nutritional characteristics and absence of Dietary cholesterol supply by increasing cholesterol synthesis and limiting cholesterol efflux through molecular mechanisms involving at least srebp-2, lxr , and miR-223. However, plasma and body cholesterol levels in trout fed the V Diet were lower than in fish fed the M Diet, raising the question of the role of cholesterol in the negative effect of Plant-Based Diet on growth.

  • Detection of liver molecular markers linked to a Plant-Based Diet utilization in different rainbo trout genotypes
    2017
    Co-Authors: Thérèse Callet, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Stephane Panserat, Inge Geurden, Tengfei Zhu, Marion Borey, Marianne Cluzeaud, Thierry Kerneis, Laurent Labbé
    Abstract:

    Detection of liver molecular markers linked to a Plant-Based Diet utilization in different rainbo trout genotypes. Aquaculture Europe 2017

Edwige Quillet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • QTLs linked to survival and growth of rainbow trout fed a 100% Plant-Based Diet in rainbow trout since the first meal
    2019
    Co-Authors: Nicolas Dechamp, Edwige Quillet, Françoise Medale, Sandrine Skiba-cassy, Frédéric Terrier, Jonathan D'ambrosio, Frédéric Cachelou, A. Bestin, Florence Phocas, Mathilde Dupont-nivet
    Abstract:

    QTLs linked to survival and growth of rainbow trout fed a 100% Plant-Based Diet in rainbow trout since the first meal. Aquaculture Europe 2019

  • micrornas related to cholesterol metabolism affected by vegetable Diet in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss from control and selected lines
    Aquaculture, 2019
    Co-Authors: Tengfei Zhu, Edwige Quillet, Geneviève Corraze, Jérôme Montfort, Julien Bobe, Elisabeth Plagnesjuan, Mathilde Dupontnivet, Sandrine Skibacassy
    Abstract:

    For the sustainable development of aquaculture, vegetable ingredients have been used to replace the traditional ingredients fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds. On the other hand, selective breeding has also been implemented at research level to obtain strains that are adapted to feeding on the Plant-Based Diet. To better understand the underlying mechanisms prompting the adaptation to Plant-Based Diets in fish, we investigated the hepatic expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of cholesterol and lipid metabolism at 8 h and 16 h after the last meal in two lines of rainbow trout: one selected for better adaptation to Plant-Based Diets and the corresponding control line. Both groups were fed either a fishmeal and fish oil based Diet or a 100% Plant-Based Diet. Results showed that the expression of miR-33a in liver was greatly elevated in trout fed the Plant-Based Diet, while the expression of miR-122 and miR-128 was much higher in the selected line at 8 h after the last meal regardless of the Diet. Furthermore, our results indicated that some genes involved in immune processes (caspase 6 apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase like 2, casp6l2) and cAMP signal transduction (phosphodiesterase 4B cAMP-specific a, pde4ba) were also potentially regulated by miRNAs. They were newly identified as putative direct targets of miRNAs and affected in trout fed the Plant-Based Diet. Though further investigations are still needed to establish a valid relationship between miRNAs and their target genes, our study found miR-33a, miR-122 and miR-128 as potential candidates for further study and provided new perspectives to understand the role of miRNAs in the selective breeding for adaptation to the Plant-Based Diets.

  • Detection of new pathways involved in the acceptance and the utilisation of a Plant-Based Diet in isogenic lines of rainbow trout fry.
    PLoS ONE, 2018
    Co-Authors: Thérèse Callet, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Laurent Labbé, Inge Geurden, Marianne Cluzeaud, Thierry Kerneis, Denis Laloë, Florence Jaffrezic, David Mazurais
    Abstract:

    To meet the growing demand of fish feed for aquaculture, an increasing proportion of marine ingredients are being replaced by blends of plant products. However, the total replacement of marine ingredients in salmonid Diets impairs fish performance. This is particularly true during the early fry stage and this stage is therefore considered of particular importance. In rainbow trout (RBT), the existence of a genetic variability to survive and grow with Plant-Based Diets devoid of marine ingredients has now been proved, but the mechanisms behind are little studied especially at early stage. To investigate these, we analysed the whole transcriptome of three isogenic lines of RBT fry, which have similar growth when fed a marine resources-based Diet (M Diet) but which highly differ in their responses to a Plant-Based Diet (V Diet). Analysis of transcriptomes profiles revealed 1740, 1834 and 246 probes differentially expressed among the three genotypes when fed the V Diet. The use of these lines led to the discovery of potential molecular markers linked to Plant-Based Diet utilisation, some of them belonging to new pathways, never described before. An important number of genes was related to immunity, but further investigations are needed to better understand the difference between the genotypes in their immune status response to V Diet exposure. Finally, differences in expression of genes related to feed intake and sensory perception among genotypes suggested that the mechanisms underlying the differences in growth on Plant-Based Diet are closely linked to Diet acceptance. Research on plants components affecting feed intake should be thus further explored.

  • Regulation of genes related to cholesterol metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a Plant-Based Diet
    AJP - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tengfei Zhu, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Geneviève Corraze, Elisabeth Plagnes- Juan, Sandrine Skiba-cassy
    Abstract:

    When compared with fish meal and fish oil, plant ingredients differ not only in their protein content and amino acid and fatty acid profiles but are also devoid of cholesterol, the major component of cell membrane and precursor of several bioactive compounds. Based on these nutritional characteristics, Plant-Based Diets can affect fish physiology and cholesterol metabolism. To investigate the mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis, rainbow trout were fed from 1 g body wt for 6 mo with a totally Plant-Based Diet (V), a marine Diet (M), and a marine-restricted Diet (MR), with feed intake adjusted to that of the V group. The expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, esterification, excretion, bile acid synthesis, and cholesterol efflux was measured in liver. Results showed that genes involved in cholesterol synthesis were upregulated in trout fed the V Diet, whereas expression of genes related to bile acid synthesis (cyp7a1) and cholesterol elimination (abcg8) were reduced. Feeding trout the V Diet also enhanced the expression of srebp-2 while reducing that of lxr and miR-223. Overall, these data suggested that rainbow trout coped with the altered nutritional characteristics and absence of Dietary cholesterol supply by increasing cholesterol synthesis and limiting cholesterol efflux through molecular mechanisms involving at least srebp-2, lxr , and miR-223. However, plasma and body cholesterol levels in trout fed the V Diet were lower than in fish fed the M Diet, raising the question of the role of cholesterol in the negative effect of Plant-Based Diet on growth.

  • Detection of liver molecular markers linked to a Plant-Based Diet utilization in different rainbo trout genotypes
    2017
    Co-Authors: Thérèse Callet, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Stephane Panserat, Inge Geurden, Tengfei Zhu, Marion Borey, Marianne Cluzeaud, Thierry Kerneis, Laurent Labbé
    Abstract:

    Detection of liver molecular markers linked to a Plant-Based Diet utilization in different rainbo trout genotypes. Aquaculture Europe 2017

Geneviève Corraze - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cholesterol metabolism regulation mediated by SREBP-2, LXRα and miR-33a in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) both in vivo and in vitro
    PLoS ONE, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tengfei Zhu, Geneviève Corraze, Elisabeth Plagnes- Juan, Sandrine Skiba-cassy
    Abstract:

    Cholesterol metabolism is greatly affected in fish fed Plant-Based Diet. The regulation of cholesterol metabolism is mediated by both transcriptional factors such as sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and liver X receptors (LXRs), and posttranscriptional factors including miRNAs. In mammals, SREBP-2 and LXRα are involved in the transcrip-tional regulation of cholesterol synthesis and elimination, respectively. In mammals, miR-33a is reported to directly target genes involved in cholesterol catabolism. The present study aims to investigate the regulation of cholesterol metabolism by SREBP-2 and LXRα and miR-33a in rainbow trout using in vivo and in vitro approaches. In vivo, juvenile rainbow trout of~72 g initial body weight were fed a total Plant-Based Diet (V) or a marine Diet (M) containing fishmeal and fish oil. In vitro, primary cell culture hepatocytes were stimulated by graded concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC). The hepatic expression of cholesterol synthetic genes, srebp-2 and miR-33a as well as miR-33a level in plasma were increased in fish fed the Plant-Based Diet, reversely, their expression in hepatocytes were inhibited with the increasing 25-HC in vitro. However, lxrα was not affected neither in vivo nor in vitro. Our results suggest that SREBP-2 and miR-33a synergistically enhance the expression of cholesterol synthetic genes but do not support the involvement of LXRα in the regulation of cholesterol elimination. As plasma level of miR-33a appears as potential indicator of cholesterol synthetic capacities, this study also highlights circulating miRNAs as promising noninvasive biomarker in aquaculture.

  • Suplementing aquafeeds with new alternative ingredients: a promising solution to improve Plant-Based Diet efficiency in rainbow trout
    2019
    Co-Authors: Sandrine Skiba-cassy, Geneviève Corraze, Laurent Labbé, Thierry Kerneis, Christine Burel, Frédéric Terrier, Nadège Richard, Y. Marchand, Mathilde Dupont-nivet
    Abstract:

    Suplementing aquafeeds with new alternative ingredients: a promising solution to improve Plant-Based Diet efficiency in rainbow trout. Aquaculture Europe 2019

  • micrornas related to cholesterol metabolism affected by vegetable Diet in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss from control and selected lines
    Aquaculture, 2019
    Co-Authors: Tengfei Zhu, Edwige Quillet, Geneviève Corraze, Jérôme Montfort, Julien Bobe, Elisabeth Plagnesjuan, Mathilde Dupontnivet, Sandrine Skibacassy
    Abstract:

    For the sustainable development of aquaculture, vegetable ingredients have been used to replace the traditional ingredients fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds. On the other hand, selective breeding has also been implemented at research level to obtain strains that are adapted to feeding on the Plant-Based Diet. To better understand the underlying mechanisms prompting the adaptation to Plant-Based Diets in fish, we investigated the hepatic expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of cholesterol and lipid metabolism at 8 h and 16 h after the last meal in two lines of rainbow trout: one selected for better adaptation to Plant-Based Diets and the corresponding control line. Both groups were fed either a fishmeal and fish oil based Diet or a 100% Plant-Based Diet. Results showed that the expression of miR-33a in liver was greatly elevated in trout fed the Plant-Based Diet, while the expression of miR-122 and miR-128 was much higher in the selected line at 8 h after the last meal regardless of the Diet. Furthermore, our results indicated that some genes involved in immune processes (caspase 6 apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase like 2, casp6l2) and cAMP signal transduction (phosphodiesterase 4B cAMP-specific a, pde4ba) were also potentially regulated by miRNAs. They were newly identified as putative direct targets of miRNAs and affected in trout fed the Plant-Based Diet. Though further investigations are still needed to establish a valid relationship between miRNAs and their target genes, our study found miR-33a, miR-122 and miR-128 as potential candidates for further study and provided new perspectives to understand the role of miRNAs in the selective breeding for adaptation to the Plant-Based Diets.

  • Regulation of genes related to cholesterol metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a Plant-Based Diet
    AJP - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tengfei Zhu, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-nivet, Geneviève Corraze, Elisabeth Plagnes- Juan, Sandrine Skiba-cassy
    Abstract:

    When compared with fish meal and fish oil, plant ingredients differ not only in their protein content and amino acid and fatty acid profiles but are also devoid of cholesterol, the major component of cell membrane and precursor of several bioactive compounds. Based on these nutritional characteristics, Plant-Based Diets can affect fish physiology and cholesterol metabolism. To investigate the mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis, rainbow trout were fed from 1 g body wt for 6 mo with a totally Plant-Based Diet (V), a marine Diet (M), and a marine-restricted Diet (MR), with feed intake adjusted to that of the V group. The expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, esterification, excretion, bile acid synthesis, and cholesterol efflux was measured in liver. Results showed that genes involved in cholesterol synthesis were upregulated in trout fed the V Diet, whereas expression of genes related to bile acid synthesis (cyp7a1) and cholesterol elimination (abcg8) were reduced. Feeding trout the V Diet also enhanced the expression of srebp-2 while reducing that of lxr and miR-223. Overall, these data suggested that rainbow trout coped with the altered nutritional characteristics and absence of Dietary cholesterol supply by increasing cholesterol synthesis and limiting cholesterol efflux through molecular mechanisms involving at least srebp-2, lxr , and miR-223. However, plasma and body cholesterol levels in trout fed the V Diet were lower than in fish fed the M Diet, raising the question of the role of cholesterol in the negative effect of Plant-Based Diet on growth.

  • Long-Term Dietary Replacement of Fishmeal and Fish Oil in Diets for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss): Effects on Growth, Whole Body Fatty Acids and Intestinal and Hepatic Gene Expression
    PLoS ONE, 2018
    Co-Authors: Viviana Lazzarotto, Françoise Medale, Laurence Larroquet, Geneviève Corraze
    Abstract:

    The effects of replacing fishmeal and fish oil with a Plant-Based Diet were studied in juvenile (10g) and ongrowing (250-350g) rainbow trout from first-feeding. Feed-related differences in the intestinal and hepatic transcriptome were examined in juveniles after 7 months of feeding at 7ÊC. Based on microarray results obtained for juveniles, the expression of selected genes related to lipid, cholesterol and energy metabolisms, was assessed by RTqPCR in ongrowing trout after 6 additional months of feeding at 17ÊC. Plasma glucose and cholesterol, lipid content and fatty acid profile of whole body were analyzed at both stages. After 7 months at 7ÊC, all juveniles reached the same body weight (10g), while at 13 months ongrowing fish fed the totally Plant-Based Diet exhibited lower body weight (234 vs 330- 337g). Body lipid content was higher in juveniles fed the totally Plant-Based Diet (13.2 vs 9.4±9.9%), and plasma cholesterol was about 2-times lower in trout fed the Plant-Based Diets at both stages. Fatty acid profile mirrored that of the respective Diet, with low proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish fed Plant-Based Diets. Genes involved in protein catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and trafficking were down-regulated in the intestines of juveniles fed the Plant-Based Diets. This was not true for ongrowing fish. Genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolisms were up-regulated in the livers of fish fed Plant-Based Diets for both stages. In this study, feeding trout a totally Plant-Based Diet from first-feeding affect a relatively low proportion of metabolism-related genes. In the longer term, when fish were reared at a higher temperature, only some of these changes were maintained (i.e. up-regulation of lipid/cholesterol metabolism). Although the Plant-Based Diets tested in this study had no major deficiencies, small adjustments in the feed-formula are needed to further optimize growth performance while sparing marine resources.

Walter C. Willett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Changes in Plant-Based Diet quality and health-related quality of life in women.
    The British journal of nutrition, 2020
    Co-Authors: Megu Yamaguchi Baden, Shiho Kino, Xiaoran Liu, Yongjoo Kim, Laura D. Kubzansky, An Pan, Olivia I. Okereke, Walter C. Willett
    Abstract:

    Few studies have evaluated the association between a healthful Plant-Based Diet and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We followed 50 290 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1992-2000) and 51 784 women in NHSII (1993-2001) for 8 years to investigate changes in Plant-Based Diet quality in relation to changes in physical and mental HRQoL. Plant-Based Diet quality was assessed by three Plant-Based Diet indices: overall Plant-Based Diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI) and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). Physical and mental HRQoL were measured by physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Diet was assessed 2 years before the HRQoL measurements and both were updated every 4 years. The associations between 4-year changes in PDIs and HRQoL were evaluated. Each 10-point increase in PDI was associated with an improvement of 0·07 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·13) in PCS and 0·11 (95 % CI 0·05, 0·16) in MCS. A 10-point increase in hPDI was associated with an increment of 0·13 (95 % CI 0·08, 0·19) in PCS and 0·09 (95 % CI 0·03, 0·15) in MCS. Conversely, a 10-point increase in uPDI was associated with decreases in PCS and MCS (-0·07 (95 % CI -0·12, -0·02) and -0·10 (95 % CI -0·16, -0·05), respectively). Compared with a stable Diet, an increase in hPDI was significantly associated with improvements in physical HRQoL in older women and with mental HRQoL in younger women. In conclusion, adherence to a healthful Plant-Based Diet was modestly associated with improvements in both physical and mental dimensions of HRQoL.

  • Plant-Based Diet and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Million Veteran Program
    Current Developments in Nutrition, 2020
    Co-Authors: Dong D. Wang, Walter C. Willett, Xuan-mai Nguyen, Rebecca J Song, Peter W. F. Wilson, Kelly Cho, J. Michael Gaziano
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives Although prior studies have found inverse associations of Plant-Based Diets with the risk of coronary heart disease, the results for stroke and total mortality are inconsistent. Little is known about the associations between a Plant-Based Diet and cardiovascular health in US Veterans. We aim to prospectively examine the associations between the adherence to a Plant-Based Diet and the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and total mortality. Methods We included 181,359 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline from the Million Veteran Program. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. We calculated a Plant-Based Diet index (PDI) by assigning positive scores to plant foods and reverse scores to animal foods. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) by comparing participants in each quintile with those in the lowest quintile of the PDI. We used electronic health records to identify incident MI and AIS cases. Information on mortality was obtained from systematic searches of the National Death Index. Results Over 717,857 person-years of follow-up (mean follow-up: 4 years), we documented 1467 incident MI cases, 1253 AIS cases, and 5609 deaths. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), total energy intake, race/ethnicity, smoking, physical activity, alcohol use, educational level, socioeconomic status and baseline histories of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, a higher PDI was associated with significantly lower mortality (HR comparing extreme quintiles: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96, Ptrend = 0.006). Participants with a greater adherence to a Plant-Based Diet experienced lower risk of incident MI and AIS (HRs comparing extreme quintiles: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.97, Ptrend = 0.02 for MI; 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55–0.85, Ptrend = 0.005 for AIS). The associations of PDI with mortality, MI and AIS were consistent across different subgroups defined by sex, age, smoking, BMI, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, as well as between white and African American participants. Conclusions A greater adherence to a Plant-Based Diet is associated with substantially lower risk of cardiovascular disease and total mortality in this large population of Veterans. Funding Sources US Department of Veterans Affairs.

  • changes in intake of plant based Diets and weight change results from 3 prospective cohort studies
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ambika Satija, Walter C. Willett, Vasanti S Malik, Eric B Rimm, Frank M Sacks
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Studies have found beneficial effects of Plant-Based Diets on weight. However, not all plant foods are necessarily beneficial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine associations of changes in intake of 3 variations of Plant-Based Diet indices (overall, healthful, and unhealthful) with weight change over 4-y intervals spanning >20 y. METHODS Data from 3 ongoing prospective observational cohort studies in the United States were used, namely the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHS2, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), with 126,982 adult men and women. Self-reported Diet data were collected every 4 y, and self-reported weight data were used to compute weight change every 4 y over >20 y of follow-up. RESULTS On average, participants gained a mean of 0.90 kg (HPFS) to 1.98 kg (NHS2) over 4-y intervals. Different types of Plant-Based Diet indices were associated with different amounts of weight gain. After adjusting for several potential confounders, including concomitant changes in other lifestyle factors, a 1-SD increase in intake of an overall Plant-Based Diet index was associated with 0.04 kg less weight gain over 4-y periods (95% CI: 0.05, 0.02 kg; P < 0.001). A 1-SD increase in intake of a healthful version of a Plant-Based Diet index (emphasizing whole grains, fruits/vegetables, nuts/legumes, vegetable oils, tea/coffee) was associated with 0.68 kg less weight gain over 4-y periods (95% CI: 0.69, 0.66 kg; P < 0.001). Conversely, a 1-SD increase in an unhealthful version of a Plant-Based Diet index (emphasizing refined grains, potato/fries, sweets, sweetened drinks/juices) was associated with 0.36 kg more weight gain (95% CI: 0.34, 0.37 kg, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Plant-Based Diets, especially when rich in healthier plant foods, are associated with less weight gain over 4-y intervals. This supports current recommendations to increase intake of healthy plant foods, and reducing intake of less-healthy plant foods and animal foods, for improved health outcomes.

  • Changes in Plant-Based Diet Quality and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.
    Circulation, 2019
    Co-Authors: Megu Yamaguchi Baden, Walter C. Willett, Ambika Satija, Eric B Rimm, Gang Liu, Qi Sun, Teresa T. Fung, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
    Abstract:

    Background: Plant-Based Diets have been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are recommended for both health and environmental benefits. Howev...

  • Changes in intake of Plant-Based Diets and weight change: results from 3 prospective cohort studies
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ambika Satija, Vasanti S Malik, Eric B Rimm, Frank M Sacks, Walter C. Willett
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Studies have found beneficial effects of Plant-Based Diets on weight. However, not all plant foods are necessarily beneficial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine associations of changes in intake of 3 variations of Plant-Based Diet indices (overall, healthful, and unhealthful) with weight change over 4-y intervals spanning >20 y. METHODS Data from 3 ongoing prospective observational cohort studies in the United States were used, namely the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHS2, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), with 126,982 adult men and women. Self-reported Diet data were collected every 4 y, and self-reported weight data were used to compute weight change every 4 y over >20 y of follow-up. RESULTS On average, participants gained a mean of 0.90 kg (HPFS) to 1.98 kg (NHS2) over 4-y intervals. Different types of Plant-Based Diet indices were associated with different amounts of weight gain. After adjusting for several potential confounders, including concomitant changes in other lifestyle factors, a 1-SD increase in intake of an overall Plant-Based Diet index was associated with 0.04 kg less weight gain over 4-y periods (95% CI: 0.05, 0.02 kg; P