The Experts below are selected from a list of 21087 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Timo Goschl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
property rights issues involving Plant Genetic Resources implications of ownership for economic efficiency
Ecological Economics, 2000Co-Authors: Timothy Swanson, Timo GoschlAbstract:The economic theory of property rights is applied to the issue of the conservation of Plant Genetic diversity, an issue often discussed in terms of benefit sharing, in order to demonstrate that the assignment of property rights is important for reasons of efficiency as well as for equity. Given the existence of transaction costs within an industry, the location of a property rights assignment is a crucial factor determining the incentives for efficient levels of investment at various levels of that industry. In the context of Plant Genetic Resources, this means that property rights that are located at the retail end of the pharmaceutical and Plant breeding industries may not have sufficient effect to generate the incentives to supply adequate amounts of Plant Genetic Resources to the research and development sectors at the base of these industries.
Jari P T Valkonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
small rna analysis of pre basic mother Plants and conserved accessions of Plant Genetic Resources for the presence of viruses
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Minnaliisa Rajamaki, Anne Lemmetty, Jaana Laamanen, Elina Roininen, Archana Vishwakarma, Janne Streng, Satu Latvala, Jari P T ValkonenAbstract:Pathogen-free stocks of vegetatively propagated Plants are crucial in certified Plant production. They require regular monitoring of the Plant germplasm for pathogens, especially of the stocks maintained in the field. Here we tested pre-basic mother Plants of Fragaria, Rubus and Ribes spp., and conserved accessions of the Plant Genetic Resources of Rubus spp. maintained at research stations in Finland, for the presence of viruses using small interfering RNA (siRNA) -based diagnostics (VirusDetect). The advance of the method is that unrelated viruses can be detected simultaneously without resumptions of the viruses present. While no virus was detected in pre-basic mother Plants of Fragaria and Ribes species, rubus yellow net virus (RYNV) was detected in pre-basic mother Plants of Rubus. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV), raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV) and RYNV were detected in the Rubus Genetic resource collection. The L polymerase encoding sequence characterized from seven RVCV isolates showed considerable Genetic variation. The data provide the first molecular biological evidence for the presence of RYNV in Finland. RYNV was not revealed in virus indexing by indicator Plants, which suggests that it may be endogenously present in some raspberry cultivars. In addition, a putative new RYNV-like badnavirus was detected in Rubus spp. Blackcurrant reversion virus (BRV) and gooseberry vein banding associated virus (GVBaV) were detected in symptomatic Ribes Plants grown in the field. Results were consistent with those obtained using PCR or reverse transcription PCR and suggest that the current virus indexing methods of pre-basic mother Plants work as expected. Furthermore, many new viruses were identified in the collections of Plant Genetic Resources not previously tested for viruses. In the future, siRNA-based diagnostics could be a useful supplement for the currently used virus detection methods in certified Plant production and thus rationalize and simplify the current testing system.
Maarte Van Zonneveld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
mapping Genetic diversity of cherimoya annona cherimola mill application of spatial analysis for conservation and use of Plant Genetic Resources
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Maarte Van Zonneveld, X Scheldema, Pila Escribano, M A Viruel, Patrick Van Damme, Willma Garcia, Cesa Tapia, Jose M RomeroAbstract:There is a growing call for inventories that evaluate geographic patterns in diversity of Plant Genetic Resources maintained on farm and in species' natural populations in order to enhance their use and conservation. Such evaluations are relevant for useful tropical and subtropical tree species, as many of these species are still undomesticated, or in incipient stages of domestication and local populations can offer yet-unknown traits of high value to further domestication. For many outcrossing species, such as most trees, inbreeding depression can be an issue, and Genetic diversity is important to sustain local production. Diversity is also crucial for species to adapt to environmental changes. This paper explores the possibilities of incorporating molecular marker data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to allow visualization and better understanding of spatial patterns of Genetic diversity as a key input to optimize conservation and use of Plant Genetic Resources, based on a case study of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.), a Neotropical fruit tree species. We present spatial analyses to (1) improve the understanding of spatial distribution of Genetic diversity of cherimoya natural stands and cultivated trees in Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru based on microsatellite molecular markers (SSRs); and (2) formulate optimal conservation strategies by revealing priority areas for in situ conservation, and identifying existing diversity gaps in ex situ collections. We found high levels of allelic richness, locally common alleles and expected heterozygosity in cherimoya's putative centre of origin, southern Ecuador and northern Peru, whereas levels of diversity in southern Peru and especially in Bolivia were significantly lower. The application of GIS on a large microsatellite dataset allows a more detailed prioritization of areas for in situ conservation and targeted collection across the Andean distribution range of cherimoya than previous studies could do, i.e. at province and department level in Ecuador and Peru, respectively.
Minnaliisa Rajamaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
small rna analysis of pre basic mother Plants and conserved accessions of Plant Genetic Resources for the presence of viruses
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Minnaliisa Rajamaki, Anne Lemmetty, Jaana Laamanen, Elina Roininen, Archana Vishwakarma, Janne Streng, Satu Latvala, Jari P T ValkonenAbstract:Pathogen-free stocks of vegetatively propagated Plants are crucial in certified Plant production. They require regular monitoring of the Plant germplasm for pathogens, especially of the stocks maintained in the field. Here we tested pre-basic mother Plants of Fragaria, Rubus and Ribes spp., and conserved accessions of the Plant Genetic Resources of Rubus spp. maintained at research stations in Finland, for the presence of viruses using small interfering RNA (siRNA) -based diagnostics (VirusDetect). The advance of the method is that unrelated viruses can be detected simultaneously without resumptions of the viruses present. While no virus was detected in pre-basic mother Plants of Fragaria and Ribes species, rubus yellow net virus (RYNV) was detected in pre-basic mother Plants of Rubus. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV), raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV) and RYNV were detected in the Rubus Genetic resource collection. The L polymerase encoding sequence characterized from seven RVCV isolates showed considerable Genetic variation. The data provide the first molecular biological evidence for the presence of RYNV in Finland. RYNV was not revealed in virus indexing by indicator Plants, which suggests that it may be endogenously present in some raspberry cultivars. In addition, a putative new RYNV-like badnavirus was detected in Rubus spp. Blackcurrant reversion virus (BRV) and gooseberry vein banding associated virus (GVBaV) were detected in symptomatic Ribes Plants grown in the field. Results were consistent with those obtained using PCR or reverse transcription PCR and suggest that the current virus indexing methods of pre-basic mother Plants work as expected. Furthermore, many new viruses were identified in the collections of Plant Genetic Resources not previously tested for viruses. In the future, siRNA-based diagnostics could be a useful supplement for the currently used virus detection methods in certified Plant production and thus rationalize and simplify the current testing system.
Timothy Swanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
property rights issues involving Plant Genetic Resources implications of ownership for economic efficiency
Ecological Economics, 2000Co-Authors: Timothy Swanson, Timo GoschlAbstract:The economic theory of property rights is applied to the issue of the conservation of Plant Genetic diversity, an issue often discussed in terms of benefit sharing, in order to demonstrate that the assignment of property rights is important for reasons of efficiency as well as for equity. Given the existence of transaction costs within an industry, the location of a property rights assignment is a crucial factor determining the incentives for efficient levels of investment at various levels of that industry. In the context of Plant Genetic Resources, this means that property rights that are located at the retail end of the pharmaceutical and Plant breeding industries may not have sufficient effect to generate the incentives to supply adequate amounts of Plant Genetic Resources to the research and development sectors at the base of these industries.
