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Pierre-olivier Cheptou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The town Crepis and the country Crepis : How does fragmentation affect a plant–pollinator Interaction ?
Acta Oecologica, 2009Co-Authors: Emilie Andrieu, Antoine Dornier, Soraya Rouifed, Bertrand Schatz, Pierre-olivier CheptouAbstract:In fragmented habitats, one cause of the decrease of plant diversity and abundance is the disruption of plant–animal Interactions, and in particular plant–pollinator Interactions. Since habitat fragmentation acts both on pollinator behaviour and plant reproduction, its consequences for the stability of such Interactions are complex. An extreme case of habitat fragmentation occurs in urbanised areas where suitable habitat (in the present study small patches around ornamental trees) is embedded in a highly unsuitable environment(concrete matrix). Based on simple experiments, we ask whether pollinators can adapt their foraging behaviour in response to the amount of available resources (flowers) in the fragments and their isolation, as predicted by the optimal foraging theory. To do so we analysed the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of pollinators visiting Crepis sancta(L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae), which forms large populations in the countryside and patchy populations in urban environments. More precisely we studied pollinator visitation rates, capitulum visit durations, capitulum search durations and capitulum size choice. Pollinators chose larger capitula in both types of populations and their foraging behaviour differed between the two population types in three ways: (1) pollinator visits were lower in urban fragmented populations, perhaps due to the lower accessibility of urban patches; (2) capitulum visit durations were longer in urban fragmented populations, a possible compensation of energy lost during flights among patches; and (3) capitulum search durations where longer in urban fragmented populations, which may represent an increase in capitulum prospecting effort. We discuss the possible impacts of such differences for plant population functioning in the two types of populations.
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The town Crepis and the country Crepis : How does fragmentation affect a Plant-Pollinator Interaction ?
Acta Oecologica, 2009Co-Authors: Emilie Andrieu, Antoine Dornier, Soraya Rouifed, Bertrand Schatz, Pierre-olivier CheptouAbstract:In fragmented habitats, one cause of the decrease of plant diversity and abundance is the disruption of plant–animal Interactions, and in particular plant–pollinator Interactions. Since habitat fragmentation acts both on pollinator behaviour and plant reproduction, its consequences for the stability of such Interactions are complex. An extreme case of habitat fragmentation occurs in urbanised areas where suitable habitat (in the present study small patches around ornamental trees) is embedded in a highly unsuitable environment (concrete matrix). Based on simple experiments, we ask whether pollinators can adapt their foraging behaviour in response to the amount of available resources (flowers) in the fragments and their isolation, as predicted by the optimal foraging theory. To do so we analysed the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of pollinators visiting Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae), which forms large populations in the countryside and patchy populations in urban environments. More precisely we studied pollinator visitation rates, capitulum visit durations, capitulum search durations and capitulum size choice. Pollinators chose larger capitula in both types of populations and their foraging behaviour differed between the two population types in three ways: (1) pollinator visits were lower in urban fragmented populations, perhaps due to the lower accessibility of urban patches; (2) capitulum visit durations were longer in urban fragmented populations, a possible compensation of energy lost during flights among patches; and (3) capitulum search durations where longer in urban fragmented populations, which may represent an increase in capitulum prospecting effort. We discuss the possible impacts of such differences for plant population functioning in the two types of populations.
Emilie Andrieu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The town Crepis and the country Crepis : How does fragmentation affect a plant–pollinator Interaction ?
Acta Oecologica, 2009Co-Authors: Emilie Andrieu, Antoine Dornier, Soraya Rouifed, Bertrand Schatz, Pierre-olivier CheptouAbstract:In fragmented habitats, one cause of the decrease of plant diversity and abundance is the disruption of plant–animal Interactions, and in particular plant–pollinator Interactions. Since habitat fragmentation acts both on pollinator behaviour and plant reproduction, its consequences for the stability of such Interactions are complex. An extreme case of habitat fragmentation occurs in urbanised areas where suitable habitat (in the present study small patches around ornamental trees) is embedded in a highly unsuitable environment(concrete matrix). Based on simple experiments, we ask whether pollinators can adapt their foraging behaviour in response to the amount of available resources (flowers) in the fragments and their isolation, as predicted by the optimal foraging theory. To do so we analysed the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of pollinators visiting Crepis sancta(L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae), which forms large populations in the countryside and patchy populations in urban environments. More precisely we studied pollinator visitation rates, capitulum visit durations, capitulum search durations and capitulum size choice. Pollinators chose larger capitula in both types of populations and their foraging behaviour differed between the two population types in three ways: (1) pollinator visits were lower in urban fragmented populations, perhaps due to the lower accessibility of urban patches; (2) capitulum visit durations were longer in urban fragmented populations, a possible compensation of energy lost during flights among patches; and (3) capitulum search durations where longer in urban fragmented populations, which may represent an increase in capitulum prospecting effort. We discuss the possible impacts of such differences for plant population functioning in the two types of populations.
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The town Crepis and the country Crepis : How does fragmentation affect a Plant-Pollinator Interaction ?
Acta Oecologica, 2009Co-Authors: Emilie Andrieu, Antoine Dornier, Soraya Rouifed, Bertrand Schatz, Pierre-olivier CheptouAbstract:In fragmented habitats, one cause of the decrease of plant diversity and abundance is the disruption of plant–animal Interactions, and in particular plant–pollinator Interactions. Since habitat fragmentation acts both on pollinator behaviour and plant reproduction, its consequences for the stability of such Interactions are complex. An extreme case of habitat fragmentation occurs in urbanised areas where suitable habitat (in the present study small patches around ornamental trees) is embedded in a highly unsuitable environment (concrete matrix). Based on simple experiments, we ask whether pollinators can adapt their foraging behaviour in response to the amount of available resources (flowers) in the fragments and their isolation, as predicted by the optimal foraging theory. To do so we analysed the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of pollinators visiting Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae), which forms large populations in the countryside and patchy populations in urban environments. More precisely we studied pollinator visitation rates, capitulum visit durations, capitulum search durations and capitulum size choice. Pollinators chose larger capitula in both types of populations and their foraging behaviour differed between the two population types in three ways: (1) pollinator visits were lower in urban fragmented populations, perhaps due to the lower accessibility of urban patches; (2) capitulum visit durations were longer in urban fragmented populations, a possible compensation of energy lost during flights among patches; and (3) capitulum search durations where longer in urban fragmented populations, which may represent an increase in capitulum prospecting effort. We discuss the possible impacts of such differences for plant population functioning in the two types of populations.
Isabelle Dajoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plant pollinator networks along a gradient of urbanisation
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Benoit Geslin, Benoit Gauzens, Elisa Thebault, Isabelle DajozAbstract:Background: Habitat loss is one of the principal causes of the current pollinator decline. With agricultural intensification, increasing urbanisation is among the main drivers of habitat loss. Consequently studies focusing on pollinator community structure along urbanisation gradients have increased in recent years. However, few studies have investigated how urbanisation affects Plant-Pollinator Interaction networks. Here we assessed modifications of Plant-Pollinator Interactions along an urbanisation gradient based on the study of their morphological relationships. Methodology/Principal Findings: Along an urbanisation gradient comprising four types of landscape contexts (semi-natural, agricultural, suburban, urban), we set up experimental plant communities containing two plant functional groups differing in their morphological traits (“open flowers” and “tubular flowers”). Insect visitations on these communities were recorded to build Plant-Pollinator networks. A total of 17 857 Interactions were recorded between experimental plant communities and flower-visitors. The number of Interactions performed by flower-visitors was significantly lower in urban landscape context than in semi-natural and agricultural ones. In particular, insects such as Syrphidae and solitary bees that mostly visited the open flower functional group were significantly impacted by urbanisation, which was not the case for bumblebees. Urbanisation also impacted the generalism of flower-visitors and we detected higher Interaction evenness in urban landscape context than in agricultural and suburban ones. Finally, in urban context, these modifications lowered the potential reproductive success of the open flowers functional group. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings show that open flower plant species and their specific flower-visitors are especially sensitive to increasing urbanisation. These results provide new clues to improve conservation measures within urbanised areas in favour of specialist flower-visitors. To complete this functional approach, studies using networks resolved to the species level along urbanised gradients would be required.
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Functional diversity of Plant-Pollinator Interaction webs enhances the persistence of plant communities
PLoS Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Colin Fontaine, Isabelle Dajoz, Jacques Mériguet, Michel LoreauAbstract:Pollination is exclusively or mainly animal mediated for 70% to 90% of angiosperm species. Thus, pollinators provide an essential ecosystem service to humankind. However, the impact of human-induced biodiversity loss on the functioning of plant–pollinator Interactions has not been tested experimentally. To understand how plant communities respond to diversity changes in their pollinating fauna, we manipulated the functional diversity of both plants and pollinators under natural conditions. Increasing the functional diversity of both plants and pollinators led to the recruitment of more diverse plant communities. After two years the plant communities pollinated by the most functionally diverse pollinator assemblage contained about 50% more plant species than did plant communities pollinated by less-diverse pollinator assemblages. Moreover, the positive effect of functional diversity was explained by a complementarity between functional groups of pollinators and plants. Thus, the functional diversity of pollination networks may be critical to ecosystem sustainability.
Antoine Dornier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The town Crepis and the country Crepis : How does fragmentation affect a plant–pollinator Interaction ?
Acta Oecologica, 2009Co-Authors: Emilie Andrieu, Antoine Dornier, Soraya Rouifed, Bertrand Schatz, Pierre-olivier CheptouAbstract:In fragmented habitats, one cause of the decrease of plant diversity and abundance is the disruption of plant–animal Interactions, and in particular plant–pollinator Interactions. Since habitat fragmentation acts both on pollinator behaviour and plant reproduction, its consequences for the stability of such Interactions are complex. An extreme case of habitat fragmentation occurs in urbanised areas where suitable habitat (in the present study small patches around ornamental trees) is embedded in a highly unsuitable environment(concrete matrix). Based on simple experiments, we ask whether pollinators can adapt their foraging behaviour in response to the amount of available resources (flowers) in the fragments and their isolation, as predicted by the optimal foraging theory. To do so we analysed the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of pollinators visiting Crepis sancta(L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae), which forms large populations in the countryside and patchy populations in urban environments. More precisely we studied pollinator visitation rates, capitulum visit durations, capitulum search durations and capitulum size choice. Pollinators chose larger capitula in both types of populations and their foraging behaviour differed between the two population types in three ways: (1) pollinator visits were lower in urban fragmented populations, perhaps due to the lower accessibility of urban patches; (2) capitulum visit durations were longer in urban fragmented populations, a possible compensation of energy lost during flights among patches; and (3) capitulum search durations where longer in urban fragmented populations, which may represent an increase in capitulum prospecting effort. We discuss the possible impacts of such differences for plant population functioning in the two types of populations.
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The town Crepis and the country Crepis : How does fragmentation affect a Plant-Pollinator Interaction ?
Acta Oecologica, 2009Co-Authors: Emilie Andrieu, Antoine Dornier, Soraya Rouifed, Bertrand Schatz, Pierre-olivier CheptouAbstract:In fragmented habitats, one cause of the decrease of plant diversity and abundance is the disruption of plant–animal Interactions, and in particular plant–pollinator Interactions. Since habitat fragmentation acts both on pollinator behaviour and plant reproduction, its consequences for the stability of such Interactions are complex. An extreme case of habitat fragmentation occurs in urbanised areas where suitable habitat (in the present study small patches around ornamental trees) is embedded in a highly unsuitable environment (concrete matrix). Based on simple experiments, we ask whether pollinators can adapt their foraging behaviour in response to the amount of available resources (flowers) in the fragments and their isolation, as predicted by the optimal foraging theory. To do so we analysed the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of pollinators visiting Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae), which forms large populations in the countryside and patchy populations in urban environments. More precisely we studied pollinator visitation rates, capitulum visit durations, capitulum search durations and capitulum size choice. Pollinators chose larger capitula in both types of populations and their foraging behaviour differed between the two population types in three ways: (1) pollinator visits were lower in urban fragmented populations, perhaps due to the lower accessibility of urban patches; (2) capitulum visit durations were longer in urban fragmented populations, a possible compensation of energy lost during flights among patches; and (3) capitulum search durations where longer in urban fragmented populations, which may represent an increase in capitulum prospecting effort. We discuss the possible impacts of such differences for plant population functioning in the two types of populations.
Soraya Rouifed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The town Crepis and the country Crepis : How does fragmentation affect a plant–pollinator Interaction ?
Acta Oecologica, 2009Co-Authors: Emilie Andrieu, Antoine Dornier, Soraya Rouifed, Bertrand Schatz, Pierre-olivier CheptouAbstract:In fragmented habitats, one cause of the decrease of plant diversity and abundance is the disruption of plant–animal Interactions, and in particular plant–pollinator Interactions. Since habitat fragmentation acts both on pollinator behaviour and plant reproduction, its consequences for the stability of such Interactions are complex. An extreme case of habitat fragmentation occurs in urbanised areas where suitable habitat (in the present study small patches around ornamental trees) is embedded in a highly unsuitable environment(concrete matrix). Based on simple experiments, we ask whether pollinators can adapt their foraging behaviour in response to the amount of available resources (flowers) in the fragments and their isolation, as predicted by the optimal foraging theory. To do so we analysed the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of pollinators visiting Crepis sancta(L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae), which forms large populations in the countryside and patchy populations in urban environments. More precisely we studied pollinator visitation rates, capitulum visit durations, capitulum search durations and capitulum size choice. Pollinators chose larger capitula in both types of populations and their foraging behaviour differed between the two population types in three ways: (1) pollinator visits were lower in urban fragmented populations, perhaps due to the lower accessibility of urban patches; (2) capitulum visit durations were longer in urban fragmented populations, a possible compensation of energy lost during flights among patches; and (3) capitulum search durations where longer in urban fragmented populations, which may represent an increase in capitulum prospecting effort. We discuss the possible impacts of such differences for plant population functioning in the two types of populations.
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The town Crepis and the country Crepis : How does fragmentation affect a Plant-Pollinator Interaction ?
Acta Oecologica, 2009Co-Authors: Emilie Andrieu, Antoine Dornier, Soraya Rouifed, Bertrand Schatz, Pierre-olivier CheptouAbstract:In fragmented habitats, one cause of the decrease of plant diversity and abundance is the disruption of plant–animal Interactions, and in particular plant–pollinator Interactions. Since habitat fragmentation acts both on pollinator behaviour and plant reproduction, its consequences for the stability of such Interactions are complex. An extreme case of habitat fragmentation occurs in urbanised areas where suitable habitat (in the present study small patches around ornamental trees) is embedded in a highly unsuitable environment (concrete matrix). Based on simple experiments, we ask whether pollinators can adapt their foraging behaviour in response to the amount of available resources (flowers) in the fragments and their isolation, as predicted by the optimal foraging theory. To do so we analysed the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of pollinators visiting Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae), which forms large populations in the countryside and patchy populations in urban environments. More precisely we studied pollinator visitation rates, capitulum visit durations, capitulum search durations and capitulum size choice. Pollinators chose larger capitula in both types of populations and their foraging behaviour differed between the two population types in three ways: (1) pollinator visits were lower in urban fragmented populations, perhaps due to the lower accessibility of urban patches; (2) capitulum visit durations were longer in urban fragmented populations, a possible compensation of energy lost during flights among patches; and (3) capitulum search durations where longer in urban fragmented populations, which may represent an increase in capitulum prospecting effort. We discuss the possible impacts of such differences for plant population functioning in the two types of populations.