The Experts below are selected from a list of 212160 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maria E Otegui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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leaf senescence in maize hybrids Plant Population row spacing and kernel set effects
Field Crops Research, 2003Co-Authors: Lucas Borras, Gustavo Angel Maddonni, Maria E OteguiAbstract:Abstract Maize crop management involves decision making on several cultural practices aimed to maximize grain yield, like Plant Population and row spacing. These practices affect the light environment perceived by Plants and the post-flowering source–sink ratio, but there is scarce information on the way they influence Plant leaf senescence. The objectives of our research were to: (i) characterize the development of leaf area senescence for contrasting canopy architectures (i.e. Plant Population×row spacing), and (ii) analyze the response of leaf senescence to changes in the light environment and the post-flowering source–sink ratio. Field experiments were conducted in Argentina between 1997/1998 and 2000/2001. Four hybrids were grown at a wide range of Plant Populations (3, 9, 10 and 12 Plants m−2), row spacings (0.35, 0.7 and 1 m) and pollination treatments (natural and restricted pollination). Senescence development was well described (r2=0.61–0.99,P
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Plant Population density row spacing and hybrid effects on maize canopy architecture and light attenuation
Field Crops Research, 2001Co-Authors: Gustavo Angel Maddonni, Maria E Otegui, Alfredo Gabriel CiriloAbstract:Abstract Light attenuation within a row crop such as maize is influenced by canopy architecture, which has to be defined in terms of the size, shape and orientation of shoot components. Cultural practices that improve the efficiency of light interception affect canopy architecture by modifying such components. Our objectives were to: (i) determine the nature and timing of leaf growth responses to Plant Population and row spacing; (ii) analyze light attenuation within fully developed maize canopies. Field experiments were conducted at Pergamino (33°56′S, 60°34′W) and Salto (34°33′S, 60°33′W), Argentina, during 1996/1997 and 1997/1998 on silty clay loam soils (Typic Argiudoll) that were well watered and fertilized. Four maize hybrids of contrasting Plant type were grown at three Plant Populations (3, 9 and 12 Plants m −2 ) and two row spacings (0.35 and 0.70 m). Plant Population promoted larger changes in shoot organs than did row spacing. As from early stages of crop growth, leaf growth (V 6 –V 8 ) and azimuthal orientation (V 10 –V 11 ) were markedly affected by treatments. Modifications in shoot size and leaf orientation suggest shade avoidance reactions, probably triggered by a reduction in the red:far-red ratio of light within the canopy. An interaction between hybrid and Plant rectangularity on leaf azimuthal distribution was determined, with one hybrid displaying a random azimuthal leaf distribution under most conditions. This type of hybrid was defined as rigid . The other hybrids showed modified azimuthal distribution of leaves in response to Plant rectangularity, even at very low Plant Populations. These hybrids were defined as plastic . Once maximum leaf area index (LAI) was attained light attenuation did not vary among hybrids and row spacing for Plant Populations ≥9 Plants m −2 ( k coefficient: 0.55 and 0.65 for 9 and 12 Plants m −2 , respectively). A more uniform Plant distribution increased light attenuation ( k coefficient: 0.37–0.49) only when crop canopies did not reach the critical LAI.
Wei Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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erect leaf posture promotes lodging resistance in oat Plants under high Plant Population
European Journal of Agronomy, 2019Co-Authors: Wei Wu, B LAbstract:Abstract Developing an appropriate strategy to increase oat yield potential to meet the increasing market demand and overall returns is urgently needed. Crop lodging is the main constraint for improving oat yields. The objectives of this study were aimed to evaluate the effect of leaf posture on crop lodging resistance and lodging related traits, yield performance and their responses to Plant Populations. Four genotypes with similar yield potential, but differing substantially in leaf architecture, i.e., erect–leaf (E) vs. prostrate–leaf type (P), were tested under three Plant Population conditions. The results showed that with increasing Plant densities from 200 to 600 Plants m–2, resistance to stem lodging, resistance to root lodging, and grain yield were decreased, respectively by 21.9%, 14.9% and 6.8% for the P cultivars, but increased by 11.5%, 28.7%, and 3.2%, for E cultivars, averaged across both years. It implied that erect–leaf posture could promote crop resistance to lodging, especially under high Plant Population condition. Oat Plants were more prone to anchorage failure than stem buckling, which was illustrated by the quantitative “safety factor” that was closely related to the visual lodging scores based on field investigation (R2 = 0.56* in 2017). Thus, root lodging should be targeted as the priority criteria in oat breeding for selecting more rigid root system. Taken together, two important attributes of the Plant ideotype, i.e., erect–leaf architecture and rigid root system, could be recommended to Plant breeders in selecting oat cultivars with improved high–yielding potential and strong lodging resistance.
Martin M Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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agronomics and economics of Plant Population density on processing sweet corn
Field Crops Research, 2012Co-Authors: Martin M WilliamsAbstract:Abstract A detailed analysis of the effect of Plant Population density (hereafter called ‘Populations’) on processing sweet corn is lacking in the peer-reviewed literature. Therefore, field experiments were conducted utilizing six hybrids commonly grown in North America, one of several locations where sweet corn is grown for processing globally. The objectives were to: (1) quantify the effects of Population and commercial hybrid on sweet corn growth, development, ear traits, and yield, (2) determine Populations for maximum yield for growers and maximum gross profit margin for processors, and (3) compare Populations for maximum yield and maximum gross profit margin to Populations observed in processing sweet corn fields. Increasing Populations from 43,000 to 86,000 Plants ha −1 linearly increased canopy density, light interception, and length of the vegetative period, while linearly decreasing filled ear length and recovery – the percent of kernel mass represented in green ear mass. The processing hybrids used in this study differed not only in yield potential, ranging from 15.3 to 19.8 Mt ha −1 , but also in their ability to tolerate high Populations. In general, higher-yielding hybrids performed best at higher Populations. Based on surveys of growers’ fields in North America, Populations average 56,000 Plants ha −1 , which was consistent with the average Population for maximum gross profit margin for processors ($9900 ha −1 ). Both growers and processors could realize increased yield and profit by using certain hybrids at Populations higher than currently used.
B L - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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erect leaf posture promotes lodging resistance in oat Plants under high Plant Population
European Journal of Agronomy, 2019Co-Authors: Wei Wu, B LAbstract:Abstract Developing an appropriate strategy to increase oat yield potential to meet the increasing market demand and overall returns is urgently needed. Crop lodging is the main constraint for improving oat yields. The objectives of this study were aimed to evaluate the effect of leaf posture on crop lodging resistance and lodging related traits, yield performance and their responses to Plant Populations. Four genotypes with similar yield potential, but differing substantially in leaf architecture, i.e., erect–leaf (E) vs. prostrate–leaf type (P), were tested under three Plant Population conditions. The results showed that with increasing Plant densities from 200 to 600 Plants m–2, resistance to stem lodging, resistance to root lodging, and grain yield were decreased, respectively by 21.9%, 14.9% and 6.8% for the P cultivars, but increased by 11.5%, 28.7%, and 3.2%, for E cultivars, averaged across both years. It implied that erect–leaf posture could promote crop resistance to lodging, especially under high Plant Population condition. Oat Plants were more prone to anchorage failure than stem buckling, which was illustrated by the quantitative “safety factor” that was closely related to the visual lodging scores based on field investigation (R2 = 0.56* in 2017). Thus, root lodging should be targeted as the priority criteria in oat breeding for selecting more rigid root system. Taken together, two important attributes of the Plant ideotype, i.e., erect–leaf architecture and rigid root system, could be recommended to Plant breeders in selecting oat cultivars with improved high–yielding potential and strong lodging resistance.
Gustavo Angel Maddonni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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leaf senescence in maize hybrids Plant Population row spacing and kernel set effects
Field Crops Research, 2003Co-Authors: Lucas Borras, Gustavo Angel Maddonni, Maria E OteguiAbstract:Abstract Maize crop management involves decision making on several cultural practices aimed to maximize grain yield, like Plant Population and row spacing. These practices affect the light environment perceived by Plants and the post-flowering source–sink ratio, but there is scarce information on the way they influence Plant leaf senescence. The objectives of our research were to: (i) characterize the development of leaf area senescence for contrasting canopy architectures (i.e. Plant Population×row spacing), and (ii) analyze the response of leaf senescence to changes in the light environment and the post-flowering source–sink ratio. Field experiments were conducted in Argentina between 1997/1998 and 2000/2001. Four hybrids were grown at a wide range of Plant Populations (3, 9, 10 and 12 Plants m−2), row spacings (0.35, 0.7 and 1 m) and pollination treatments (natural and restricted pollination). Senescence development was well described (r2=0.61–0.99,P
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Plant Population density row spacing and hybrid effects on maize canopy architecture and light attenuation
Field Crops Research, 2001Co-Authors: Gustavo Angel Maddonni, Maria E Otegui, Alfredo Gabriel CiriloAbstract:Abstract Light attenuation within a row crop such as maize is influenced by canopy architecture, which has to be defined in terms of the size, shape and orientation of shoot components. Cultural practices that improve the efficiency of light interception affect canopy architecture by modifying such components. Our objectives were to: (i) determine the nature and timing of leaf growth responses to Plant Population and row spacing; (ii) analyze light attenuation within fully developed maize canopies. Field experiments were conducted at Pergamino (33°56′S, 60°34′W) and Salto (34°33′S, 60°33′W), Argentina, during 1996/1997 and 1997/1998 on silty clay loam soils (Typic Argiudoll) that were well watered and fertilized. Four maize hybrids of contrasting Plant type were grown at three Plant Populations (3, 9 and 12 Plants m −2 ) and two row spacings (0.35 and 0.70 m). Plant Population promoted larger changes in shoot organs than did row spacing. As from early stages of crop growth, leaf growth (V 6 –V 8 ) and azimuthal orientation (V 10 –V 11 ) were markedly affected by treatments. Modifications in shoot size and leaf orientation suggest shade avoidance reactions, probably triggered by a reduction in the red:far-red ratio of light within the canopy. An interaction between hybrid and Plant rectangularity on leaf azimuthal distribution was determined, with one hybrid displaying a random azimuthal leaf distribution under most conditions. This type of hybrid was defined as rigid . The other hybrids showed modified azimuthal distribution of leaves in response to Plant rectangularity, even at very low Plant Populations. These hybrids were defined as plastic . Once maximum leaf area index (LAI) was attained light attenuation did not vary among hybrids and row spacing for Plant Populations ≥9 Plants m −2 ( k coefficient: 0.55 and 0.65 for 9 and 12 Plants m −2 , respectively). A more uniform Plant distribution increased light attenuation ( k coefficient: 0.37–0.49) only when crop canopies did not reach the critical LAI.