The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jin-long Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2(5H)-Furanone Disrupts Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Indirectly Reduces the Settlement of Plantigrades of the Mussel Mytilus coruscus
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020Co-Authors: Xin Zhu, Xiao Liang, Zhi-yang Cheng, You-ting Zhu, Dan-dan Feng, Sergey Dobretsov, Jin-long YangAbstract:Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is a chemical communication that allows bacteria to coordinate their population and gene regulation in response to threshold concentrations of QS signals. Here, we studied the effect of QS inhibitor 2(5H)-furanone (FUR) on the formation of Pseudoaltermonas marina ECSMB14103 biofilms, and the effect of these biofilms on the settlement of Plantigrades of the mussel Mytilus coruscus. FUR was added during biofilm formation of P. marina ECSMB14103 or in the settlement bioassay. 10-4M FUR added during biofilm formation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the settlement of Plantigrades, and it was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of bacterial density. The visualisation of individual substances in biofilms has shown that β-polysaccharides were the major components in the biofilms matrix. The decreased settlement rate may be attributed to the reduction of the biovolume of α-polysaccharides and β-polysaccharides in biofilms. The transcriptome of biofilms treated with 10-4M FUR showed 61 genes were differentially expressed. Aspartate kinase and the flagellar assembly protein fliH gene were significantly affected after exposure to 10-4M FUR (p < 0.05). They are involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell-wall and the mobility of bacteria, respectively. Exposure to 10-4M FUR also significantly changed the carbapenem biosynthesis pathway, which was regulated by QS system in bacteria (p < 0.05). These data suggest that FUR directly affected biofilm formation by altering EPS components and metabolic processes, which in turn indirectly reduced the settlement of Plantigrades. The present study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of controlling biofouling.
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Interactions between natural biofilm, substratum surface wettability, and mussel Plantigrade settlement
Science China Earth Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Wei Gao, Xing-pan Guo, De-wen Ding, Daofen Huang, Yu-ru Chen, Xiao LiangAbstract:Mytilus galloprovincialis is a major fouling organism in the inter-tidal zone. However, the interactions between M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement, biofilm characteristics, and surface wettability remains unknown. Here, we examined M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement responses to marine biofilms (BFs) on surfaces of varying wettability. No significant difference in mussel settlement was observed on young BFs (7 d) on surfaces of differing wettability; while settlement decreased on older BFs (14, 21, and 28 d) formed on low compared to high wettability surfaces. Surface wettability affected BF characteristics. The standardized harmonic mean and water contact angles values were not correlated with diatom density and chlorophyll a concentration, but were correlated with bacterial density, dry weight, and thickness. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that bacterial community structure differed on BFs on surfaces of varying wettability. Thus, surface wettability affects biofilm characteristics, and the subsequent changes in BF characteristics may be responsible for the variation in biofilm-inducing activity of M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement.
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Comparative analysis of biofilm community on different coloured substrata in relation to mussel settlement
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2016Co-Authors: Xing-pan Guo, De-wen Ding, Yu-ru Chen, Jin-long YangAbstract:Mussels are typical macrofouling organisms in the world. In this study, the interaction between the settlement of Mytilus coruscus Plantigrades and bacterial community on coloured substrata was determined. Bacterial communities in biofilms developed on seven coloured substrata were analysed by Illumina Miseq sequencing. The mussel settlement response to coloured substrata with no biofilms was also examined. Flavobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the first, second and third most dominant groups in seven biofilm samples. The results suggest that the inducing activities of these biofilms on Plantigrade settlement varied with coloured substrata and the lowest percentage of settlement was observed on biofilms on the green substratum. High-throughput sequencing showed that bacterial community in biofilms also changed with the substratum colour. No significant difference in the inducing activity on Plantigrade settlement was observed between the coloured substrata with no biofilms. Thus, difference in Plantigrade settlement response may be correlated to the changes in bacterial community on coloured substrata. This finding extends current knowledge of interaction among mussel settlement and bacterial community variability.
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Plantigrade settlement of the mussel Mytilus coruscus in response to natural biofilms on different surfaces
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Xing-pan Guo, Xuan Zhou, Xiao LiangAbstract:Surface properties affect the attachment of micro- and macroscopic marine organisms. The current study examined the settlement response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus Plantigrades to natural biofilms formed on surfaces of different wettability. The percentages of Plantigrade settlement were not influenced by the biofilms formed on variously wettable surfaces in the short term, but after 10 days, the Plantigrade settlement rates decreased on biofilms formed on lower wettability surfaces. In general, lower wettability of the surfaces resulted in the decrease of the dry weight, bacterial and diatom density and the thickness of natural biofilms when compared to high wettability surfaces. In contrast, chlorophyll- a concentration in biofilms was independent of the initial wettability of the surfaces. Comparative cluster analysis of bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns revealed that high variability existed between the bacterial community on high wettability surfaces and that on low wettability surfaces. Thus, surface wettability affects the formation of natural biofilms, and this variation in biofilms developed on different wettability surfaces may explain the discrepancy in their corresponding inducing activities on M. coruscus Plantigrade settlement. This finding provides new insight into interactions between mussel settlement, biofilm characteristics and surface properties.
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Plantigrade settlement of the musselMytilus coruscusin response to natural biofilms on different surfaces
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Xing-pan Guo, Xuan Zhou, Xiao LiangAbstract:Surface properties affect the attachment of micro- and macroscopic marine organisms. The current study examined the settlement response of the musselMytilus coruscusPlantigrades to natural biofilms formed on surfaces of different wettability. The percentages of Plantigrade settlement were not influenced by the biofilms formed on variously wettable surfaces in the short term, but after 10 days, the Plantigrade settlement rates decreased on biofilms formed on lower wettability surfaces. In general, lower wettability of the surfaces resulted in the decrease of the dry weight, bacterial and diatom density and the thickness of natural biofilms when compared to high wettability surfaces. In contrast, chlorophyll-aconcentration in biofilms was independent of the initial wettability of the surfaces. Comparative cluster analysis of bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns revealed that high variability existed between the bacterial community on high wettability surfaces and that on low wettability surfaces. Thus, surface wettability affects the formation of natural biofilms, and this variation in biofilms developed on different wettability surfaces may explain the discrepancy in their corresponding inducing activities onM. coruscusPlantigrade settlement. This finding provides new insight into interactions between mussel settlement, biofilm characteristics and surface properties.
Xiao Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2(5H)-Furanone Disrupts Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Indirectly Reduces the Settlement of Plantigrades of the Mussel Mytilus coruscus
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020Co-Authors: Xin Zhu, Xiao Liang, Zhi-yang Cheng, You-ting Zhu, Dan-dan Feng, Sergey Dobretsov, Jin-long YangAbstract:Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is a chemical communication that allows bacteria to coordinate their population and gene regulation in response to threshold concentrations of QS signals. Here, we studied the effect of QS inhibitor 2(5H)-furanone (FUR) on the formation of Pseudoaltermonas marina ECSMB14103 biofilms, and the effect of these biofilms on the settlement of Plantigrades of the mussel Mytilus coruscus. FUR was added during biofilm formation of P. marina ECSMB14103 or in the settlement bioassay. 10-4M FUR added during biofilm formation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the settlement of Plantigrades, and it was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of bacterial density. The visualisation of individual substances in biofilms has shown that β-polysaccharides were the major components in the biofilms matrix. The decreased settlement rate may be attributed to the reduction of the biovolume of α-polysaccharides and β-polysaccharides in biofilms. The transcriptome of biofilms treated with 10-4M FUR showed 61 genes were differentially expressed. Aspartate kinase and the flagellar assembly protein fliH gene were significantly affected after exposure to 10-4M FUR (p < 0.05). They are involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell-wall and the mobility of bacteria, respectively. Exposure to 10-4M FUR also significantly changed the carbapenem biosynthesis pathway, which was regulated by QS system in bacteria (p < 0.05). These data suggest that FUR directly affected biofilm formation by altering EPS components and metabolic processes, which in turn indirectly reduced the settlement of Plantigrades. The present study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of controlling biofouling.
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Interactions between natural biofilm, substratum surface wettability, and mussel Plantigrade settlement
Science China Earth Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Wei Gao, Xing-pan Guo, De-wen Ding, Daofen Huang, Yu-ru Chen, Xiao LiangAbstract:Mytilus galloprovincialis is a major fouling organism in the inter-tidal zone. However, the interactions between M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement, biofilm characteristics, and surface wettability remains unknown. Here, we examined M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement responses to marine biofilms (BFs) on surfaces of varying wettability. No significant difference in mussel settlement was observed on young BFs (7 d) on surfaces of differing wettability; while settlement decreased on older BFs (14, 21, and 28 d) formed on low compared to high wettability surfaces. Surface wettability affected BF characteristics. The standardized harmonic mean and water contact angles values were not correlated with diatom density and chlorophyll a concentration, but were correlated with bacterial density, dry weight, and thickness. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that bacterial community structure differed on BFs on surfaces of varying wettability. Thus, surface wettability affects biofilm characteristics, and the subsequent changes in BF characteristics may be responsible for the variation in biofilm-inducing activity of M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement.
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Plantigrade settlement of the mussel Mytilus coruscus in response to natural biofilms on different surfaces
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Xing-pan Guo, Xuan Zhou, Xiao LiangAbstract:Surface properties affect the attachment of micro- and macroscopic marine organisms. The current study examined the settlement response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus Plantigrades to natural biofilms formed on surfaces of different wettability. The percentages of Plantigrade settlement were not influenced by the biofilms formed on variously wettable surfaces in the short term, but after 10 days, the Plantigrade settlement rates decreased on biofilms formed on lower wettability surfaces. In general, lower wettability of the surfaces resulted in the decrease of the dry weight, bacterial and diatom density and the thickness of natural biofilms when compared to high wettability surfaces. In contrast, chlorophyll- a concentration in biofilms was independent of the initial wettability of the surfaces. Comparative cluster analysis of bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns revealed that high variability existed between the bacterial community on high wettability surfaces and that on low wettability surfaces. Thus, surface wettability affects the formation of natural biofilms, and this variation in biofilms developed on different wettability surfaces may explain the discrepancy in their corresponding inducing activities on M. coruscus Plantigrade settlement. This finding provides new insight into interactions between mussel settlement, biofilm characteristics and surface properties.
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Plantigrade settlement of the musselMytilus coruscusin response to natural biofilms on different surfaces
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Xing-pan Guo, Xuan Zhou, Xiao LiangAbstract:Surface properties affect the attachment of micro- and macroscopic marine organisms. The current study examined the settlement response of the musselMytilus coruscusPlantigrades to natural biofilms formed on surfaces of different wettability. The percentages of Plantigrade settlement were not influenced by the biofilms formed on variously wettable surfaces in the short term, but after 10 days, the Plantigrade settlement rates decreased on biofilms formed on lower wettability surfaces. In general, lower wettability of the surfaces resulted in the decrease of the dry weight, bacterial and diatom density and the thickness of natural biofilms when compared to high wettability surfaces. In contrast, chlorophyll-aconcentration in biofilms was independent of the initial wettability of the surfaces. Comparative cluster analysis of bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns revealed that high variability existed between the bacterial community on high wettability surfaces and that on low wettability surfaces. Thus, surface wettability affects the formation of natural biofilms, and this variation in biofilms developed on different wettability surfaces may explain the discrepancy in their corresponding inducing activities onM. coruscusPlantigrade settlement. This finding provides new insight into interactions between mussel settlement, biofilm characteristics and surface properties.
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Effects of natural biofilms on settlement of Plantigrades of the mussel Mytilus coruscus
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Xing-pan Guo, Jin-long Yang, Xiao Liang, Wei-yang Bao, Pei-jing Shen, Zhi-yi ShiAbstract:This study investigated in the laboratory the effects on settlement of Mytilus coruscus Plantigrades of bacteria isolated from the biofilms grown on natural and abiotic surfaces. Plantigrades settled in response to all bacterial biofilms tested. The inducing activity of individual bacterial isolates was not correlated with their phylogenetic relationship nor with surfaces isolated. Among 10 bacterial species, bacterial density was significantly correlated with the inducing activity for each strain except for Pseudoalteromonas sp. 2. Furthermore, Shewanella sp. 1 biofilms and Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4 biofilms responsible for inducing settlement of Plantigrades were subjected to different treatments to investigate the characteristics of the cues in these two species of bacteria. Treatments of Shewanella sp. 1 biofilms and Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4 biofilms with formalin, antibiotics, ultraviolet irradiation, heat and ethanol resulted in a significant decrease or loss of their inducing activities. Cell survival within treated biofilms also decreased significantly. The chemical cues produced by Shewanella sp. 1 biofilms and Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4 biofilms were susceptible to ethanol and heat treatment. Thus, the above bacterial biofilms were shown to be effective inducers of Plantigrade settlement, and may be used to enhance settlement of Plantigrades for the Chinese aquaculture industry.
Xing-pan Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactions between natural biofilm, substratum surface wettability, and mussel Plantigrade settlement
Science China Earth Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Wei Gao, Xing-pan Guo, De-wen Ding, Daofen Huang, Yu-ru Chen, Xiao LiangAbstract:Mytilus galloprovincialis is a major fouling organism in the inter-tidal zone. However, the interactions between M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement, biofilm characteristics, and surface wettability remains unknown. Here, we examined M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement responses to marine biofilms (BFs) on surfaces of varying wettability. No significant difference in mussel settlement was observed on young BFs (7 d) on surfaces of differing wettability; while settlement decreased on older BFs (14, 21, and 28 d) formed on low compared to high wettability surfaces. Surface wettability affected BF characteristics. The standardized harmonic mean and water contact angles values were not correlated with diatom density and chlorophyll a concentration, but were correlated with bacterial density, dry weight, and thickness. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that bacterial community structure differed on BFs on surfaces of varying wettability. Thus, surface wettability affects biofilm characteristics, and the subsequent changes in BF characteristics may be responsible for the variation in biofilm-inducing activity of M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement.
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Comparative analysis of biofilm community on different coloured substrata in relation to mussel settlement
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2016Co-Authors: Xing-pan Guo, De-wen Ding, Yu-ru Chen, Jin-long YangAbstract:Mussels are typical macrofouling organisms in the world. In this study, the interaction between the settlement of Mytilus coruscus Plantigrades and bacterial community on coloured substrata was determined. Bacterial communities in biofilms developed on seven coloured substrata were analysed by Illumina Miseq sequencing. The mussel settlement response to coloured substrata with no biofilms was also examined. Flavobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the first, second and third most dominant groups in seven biofilm samples. The results suggest that the inducing activities of these biofilms on Plantigrade settlement varied with coloured substrata and the lowest percentage of settlement was observed on biofilms on the green substratum. High-throughput sequencing showed that bacterial community in biofilms also changed with the substratum colour. No significant difference in the inducing activity on Plantigrade settlement was observed between the coloured substrata with no biofilms. Thus, difference in Plantigrade settlement response may be correlated to the changes in bacterial community on coloured substrata. This finding extends current knowledge of interaction among mussel settlement and bacterial community variability.
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Plantigrade settlement of the mussel Mytilus coruscus in response to natural biofilms on different surfaces
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Xing-pan Guo, Xuan Zhou, Xiao LiangAbstract:Surface properties affect the attachment of micro- and macroscopic marine organisms. The current study examined the settlement response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus Plantigrades to natural biofilms formed on surfaces of different wettability. The percentages of Plantigrade settlement were not influenced by the biofilms formed on variously wettable surfaces in the short term, but after 10 days, the Plantigrade settlement rates decreased on biofilms formed on lower wettability surfaces. In general, lower wettability of the surfaces resulted in the decrease of the dry weight, bacterial and diatom density and the thickness of natural biofilms when compared to high wettability surfaces. In contrast, chlorophyll- a concentration in biofilms was independent of the initial wettability of the surfaces. Comparative cluster analysis of bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns revealed that high variability existed between the bacterial community on high wettability surfaces and that on low wettability surfaces. Thus, surface wettability affects the formation of natural biofilms, and this variation in biofilms developed on different wettability surfaces may explain the discrepancy in their corresponding inducing activities on M. coruscus Plantigrade settlement. This finding provides new insight into interactions between mussel settlement, biofilm characteristics and surface properties.
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Plantigrade settlement of the musselMytilus coruscusin response to natural biofilms on different surfaces
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Xing-pan Guo, Xuan Zhou, Xiao LiangAbstract:Surface properties affect the attachment of micro- and macroscopic marine organisms. The current study examined the settlement response of the musselMytilus coruscusPlantigrades to natural biofilms formed on surfaces of different wettability. The percentages of Plantigrade settlement were not influenced by the biofilms formed on variously wettable surfaces in the short term, but after 10 days, the Plantigrade settlement rates decreased on biofilms formed on lower wettability surfaces. In general, lower wettability of the surfaces resulted in the decrease of the dry weight, bacterial and diatom density and the thickness of natural biofilms when compared to high wettability surfaces. In contrast, chlorophyll-aconcentration in biofilms was independent of the initial wettability of the surfaces. Comparative cluster analysis of bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns revealed that high variability existed between the bacterial community on high wettability surfaces and that on low wettability surfaces. Thus, surface wettability affects the formation of natural biofilms, and this variation in biofilms developed on different wettability surfaces may explain the discrepancy in their corresponding inducing activities onM. coruscusPlantigrade settlement. This finding provides new insight into interactions between mussel settlement, biofilm characteristics and surface properties.
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Effects of natural biofilms on settlement of Plantigrades of the mussel Mytilus coruscus
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Xing-pan Guo, Jin-long Yang, Xiao Liang, Wei-yang Bao, Pei-jing Shen, Zhi-yi ShiAbstract:This study investigated in the laboratory the effects on settlement of Mytilus coruscus Plantigrades of bacteria isolated from the biofilms grown on natural and abiotic surfaces. Plantigrades settled in response to all bacterial biofilms tested. The inducing activity of individual bacterial isolates was not correlated with their phylogenetic relationship nor with surfaces isolated. Among 10 bacterial species, bacterial density was significantly correlated with the inducing activity for each strain except for Pseudoalteromonas sp. 2. Furthermore, Shewanella sp. 1 biofilms and Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4 biofilms responsible for inducing settlement of Plantigrades were subjected to different treatments to investigate the characteristics of the cues in these two species of bacteria. Treatments of Shewanella sp. 1 biofilms and Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4 biofilms with formalin, antibiotics, ultraviolet irradiation, heat and ethanol resulted in a significant decrease or loss of their inducing activities. Cell survival within treated biofilms also decreased significantly. The chemical cues produced by Shewanella sp. 1 biofilms and Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4 biofilms were susceptible to ethanol and heat treatment. Thus, the above bacterial biofilms were shown to be effective inducers of Plantigrade settlement, and may be used to enhance settlement of Plantigrades for the Chinese aquaculture industry.
Charles T Robbins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energetic costs of locomotion in bears: is Plantigrade locomotion energetically economical?
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Anthony M. Pagano, Charles T Robbins, Anthony M. Carnahan, Megan A. Owen, Tammy Batson, Nate Wagner, Amy Cutting, Nicole Nicassio-hiskey, Amy Hash, Terrie M. WilliamsAbstract:ABSTRACT Ursids are the largest mammals to retain a Plantigrade posture. This primitive posture has been proposed to result in reduced locomotor speed and economy relative to digitigrade and unguligrade species, particularly at high speeds. Previous energetics research on polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) found locomotor costs were more than double predictions for similarly sized quadrupedal mammals, which could be a result of their Plantigrade posture or due to adaptations to their Arctic marine existence. To evaluate whether polar bears are representative of terrestrial ursids or distinctly uneconomical walkers, this study measured the mass-specific metabolism, overall dynamic body acceleration, and gait kinematics of polar bears and grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos ) trained to rest and walk on a treadmill. At routine walking speeds, we found polar bears and grizzly bears exhibited similar costs of locomotion and gait kinematics, but differing measures of overall dynamic body acceleration. Minimum cost of transport while walking in the two species (2.21 J kg −1 m −1 ) was comparable to predictions for similarly sized quadrupedal mammals, but these costs doubled (4.42 J kg −1 m −1 ) at speeds ≥5.4 km h −1 . Similar to humans, another large Plantigrade mammal, bears appear to exhibit a greater economy while moving at slow speeds.
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© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) locomotion: gaits and ground reaction forces
2016Co-Authors: Catherine L Shine, Skylar Penberthy, Charles T Robbins, Lynne O. Nelson, Craig PAbstract:Locomotion of Plantigrade generalists has been relatively little studied compared to more specialised postures even though plantigrady is ancestral among quadrupeds. Bears (Ursidae) are a representative family for Plantigrade carnivorans, they have the majority of the morphological characteristics identified for Plantigrade species, and they have the full range of generalist behaviours. This study compares the locomotion of adult grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis Linnaeus 1758), including stride parameters, gaits and analysis of three dimensional ground reaction forces, to previously studied quadrupeds. At slow to moderate speeds grizzly bears use walks, running walks, and canters. Vertical ground reaction forces demonstrated the typical M-shaped curve for walks, however this was significantly more pronounced in the hind limb. The rate of force development was also significantly higher for the hind than the forelimbs at all speeds. Mediolateral forces were significantly higher than would be expected for a large erect mammal, almost to the extent of a sprawling crocodilian. There may be morphological or energetic explanations for the use of the running walk rather than the trot. The high medial forces (produced from a lateral push by the animal) could be caused by frontal plane movement of the carpus and elbow by bears. Overall, while grizzly bears share some similarities with large cursorial species, their locomotor kinetics have unique characteristics. Additional studies are needed to determine if these characters are a feature of all bears or Plantigrade species
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Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) locomotion: gaits and ground reaction forces.
The Journal of experimental biology, 2015Co-Authors: Catherine L Shine, Skylar Penberthy, Charles T Robbins, O Lynne Nelson, Craig P McgowanAbstract:Locomotion of Plantigrade generalists has been relatively little studied compared with more specialised postures even though plantigrady is ancestral among quadrupeds. Bears (Ursidae) are a representative family for Plantigrade carnivorans, they have the majority of the morphological characteristics identified for Plantigrade species, and they have the full range of generalist behaviours. This study compared the locomotion of adult grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis Linnaeus 1758), including stride parameters, gaits and analysis of three-dimensional ground reaction forces, with that of previously studied quadrupeds. At slow to moderate speeds, grizzly bears use walks, running walks and canters. Vertical ground reaction forces demonstrated the typical M-shaped curve for walks; however, this was significantly more pronounced in the hindlimb. The rate of force development was also significantly higher for the hindlimbs than for the forelimbs at all speeds. Mediolateral forces were significantly higher than would be expected for a large erect mammal, almost to the extent of a sprawling crocodilian. There may be morphological or energetic explanations for the use of the running walk rather than the trot. The high medial forces (produced from a lateral push by the animal) could be caused by frontal plane movement of the carpus and elbow by bears. Overall, while grizzly bears share some similarities with large cursorial species, their locomotor kinetics have unique characteristics. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these characters are a feature of all bears or Plantigrade species.
De-wen Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactions between natural biofilm, substratum surface wettability, and mussel Plantigrade settlement
Science China Earth Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Jin-long Yang, Wei Gao, Xing-pan Guo, De-wen Ding, Daofen Huang, Yu-ru Chen, Xiao LiangAbstract:Mytilus galloprovincialis is a major fouling organism in the inter-tidal zone. However, the interactions between M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement, biofilm characteristics, and surface wettability remains unknown. Here, we examined M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement responses to marine biofilms (BFs) on surfaces of varying wettability. No significant difference in mussel settlement was observed on young BFs (7 d) on surfaces of differing wettability; while settlement decreased on older BFs (14, 21, and 28 d) formed on low compared to high wettability surfaces. Surface wettability affected BF characteristics. The standardized harmonic mean and water contact angles values were not correlated with diatom density and chlorophyll a concentration, but were correlated with bacterial density, dry weight, and thickness. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that bacterial community structure differed on BFs on surfaces of varying wettability. Thus, surface wettability affects biofilm characteristics, and the subsequent changes in BF characteristics may be responsible for the variation in biofilm-inducing activity of M. galloprovincialis Plantigrade settlement.
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Comparative analysis of biofilm community on different coloured substrata in relation to mussel settlement
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2016Co-Authors: Xing-pan Guo, De-wen Ding, Yu-ru Chen, Jin-long YangAbstract:Mussels are typical macrofouling organisms in the world. In this study, the interaction between the settlement of Mytilus coruscus Plantigrades and bacterial community on coloured substrata was determined. Bacterial communities in biofilms developed on seven coloured substrata were analysed by Illumina Miseq sequencing. The mussel settlement response to coloured substrata with no biofilms was also examined. Flavobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the first, second and third most dominant groups in seven biofilm samples. The results suggest that the inducing activities of these biofilms on Plantigrade settlement varied with coloured substrata and the lowest percentage of settlement was observed on biofilms on the green substratum. High-throughput sequencing showed that bacterial community in biofilms also changed with the substratum colour. No significant difference in the inducing activity on Plantigrade settlement was observed between the coloured substrata with no biofilms. Thus, difference in Plantigrade settlement response may be correlated to the changes in bacterial community on coloured substrata. This finding extends current knowledge of interaction among mussel settlement and bacterial community variability.
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Effects of substratum type on bacterial community structure in biofilms in relation to settlement of Plantigrades of the mussel Mytilus coruscus
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2014Co-Authors: Yu-ru Chen, Jin-long Yang, Xing-pan Guo, Xiao Liang, Wei-yang Bao, Zhi-yi Shi, De-wen DingAbstract:Abstract In this study, Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial communities in the biofilms that formed on different substratum types including glass, steel, acrylic and hydrophobic glass. The link between bacterial community structure and Plantigrade settlement of the mussel Mytilus coruscus was explored. The settlement preference of Plantigrades for non-biofilmed substrata was also examined. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the bacterial communities of biofilms varied on different substrata. The overwhelming majority of sequences (>80% of all sequences) belonged to only three bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The phylum Proteobacteria was the dominating group in all biofilm samples. Cluster analysis based on Bray–Curtis distances analysis showed that communities in glass samples differed from those on other samples. The bacterial densities of the biofilms developed on glass were higher than those on other three samples. The present results showed that the percentage of Plantigrade settlement was higher in biofilms on glass and steel samples than that in acrylic and hydrophobic glass samples. The variation of bacterial community structure might lead to differences of biofilm activity. There was no selective choice of non-biofilmed substratum for Plantigrades. Thus, substratum type affected cell densities of bacteria and bacterial communities of biofilms, which were differentially attractive to Plantigrades of M. coruscus.