The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tony R. Walker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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International policies to reduce Plastic marine pollution from single-use Plastics (Plastic Bags and microbeads): A review
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017Co-Authors: Dirk Xanthos, Tony R. WalkerAbstract:Marine Plastic pollution has been a growing concern for decades. Single-use Plastics (Plastic Bags and microbeads) are a significant source of this pollution. Although research outlining environmental, social, and economic impacts of marine Plastic pollution is growing, few studies have examined policy and legislative tools to reduce Plastic pollution, particularly single-use Plastics (Plastic Bags and microbeads). This paper reviews current international market-based strategies and policies to reduce Plastic Bags and microbeads. While policies to reduce microbeads began in 2014, interventions for Plastic Bags began much earlier in 1991. However, few studies have documented or measured the effectiveness of these reduction strategies. Recommendations to further reduce single-use Plastic marine pollution include: (i) research to evaluate effectiveness of bans and levies to ensure policies are having positive impacts on marine environments; and (ii) education and outreach to reduce consumption of Plastic Bags and microbeads at source.
William O. Ogara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of ruminal Plastic Bags on haematological and biochemical parameters of sheep and goats
Ghana journal of agricultural science, 2018Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, William O. OgaraAbstract:A study was carried out with the objective of determining the haematological and blood biochemical parameters in sheep and goats with Plastic Bags in the rumen for a period of 42 days. This was to indicate the possible influence of Plastic Bags in the rumen on blood parameters. 16, one-year old castrate Dorper sheep with a mean body weight of 26.8 kg (± 0.3 kg) and 16 one-year old castrate small East African goats with a mean weight of 24.5 kg (± 0.3 kg) were used for the study. The 16 sheep and 16 goats were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each (n = 4). Three groups of each species were implanted with 129 g, 258 g and 387 g of Plastic Bags, respectively, in the rumen through rumenotomy and the fourth group of each species was control on which rumenotomy was done but with no implanting of Plastic Bags. Blood samples were obtained by jugular venipuncture from all sheep and goats every 2 weeks for analysis. The only haematological parameter that had significant change was platelets, which significantly ( p < 0.05) increased in both sheep and goats with Plastic Bags in the rumen. However, mean values of erythrocytes, packed cell volume, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume decreased but not significantly in the sheep and goats with Plastic Bags in the rumen. The sheep and goats with Plastic Bags in the rumen had hyponatraemmia, hypochloridaemia and decreased aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activity. The changes observed in haematological and biochemical parameters could be an indication of adverse effects on the production and well-being of sheep and goats that ingest these Plastic Bags. These finding may be of diagnostic importance in cases of rumen impaction with indigestible foreign bodies, particularly, Plastic Bags.
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Knowledge, attitude, and practices on usage, disposal, and effect of Plastic Bags on sheep and goats.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2018Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, William O. OgaraAbstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people in the Nairobi and Kajiado Counties, Kenya, on the usage, disposal, and effect of Plastic waste on sheep and goats (shoats). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 384 respondents in four communities in the two counties. Most of the people irrespective of their age, occupation, and educational status used Plastic Bags of some type on a daily basis. A high proportion of the respondents (37.0%, 142) used Plastic Bags because of the low cost. Approximately, 79.1% (304) disposed used Plastic Bags in open dumps. A total of 147 (38.3%) households kept shoats. Out of these, 38.1% (56) purchased feed and also allowed their animals to roam. Most of them (45.3%, 174) thought that lack of feed for the animals was the main reason why shoats roam and scavenge at refuse dump sites and road sides. A large proportion of the respondents (44.5%, 143) mentioned death of animals as the ultimate consequence of ingestion of waste Plastic Bags. Though, the respondents were aware that indiscriminate disposal of used Plastic Bags could result in death of the animals from which they derive their livelihoods, they nevertheless continued with the practice. There is a need for a paradigm shift in the way and manner Plastic Bags are used and disposed.
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Clinical manifestations in sheep with Plastic Bags in the rumen
Ghana journal of science, 2017Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, William O. OgaraAbstract:Sixteen 1-year-old castrate Dorper sheep were used for the study. The animals were divided into four groups of four animals (n = 4). Three groups were implanted with 129 g, 258 g and 387 g of thin Plastic Bags into the rumen through rumenotomy, while the fourth group was subjected to rumenotomy without implanting Plastic Bags, and served as control. All the animals were monitored daily for 6 weeks following implantation. Presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen was characterized by anorexia, severe depression, discomfort, dehydration, firmness and asymmetrical distension of the abdomen, ruminal hypomotility and diarrhoea with intermittent constipation, weight loss, terminal recumbency and death. The severity of these clinical manifestations increased with increased quantities of Plastic Bags and their duration in the rumen. Sheep implanted with 258 g and 387 g lost 7.8 percent and 14.2 percent of their initial mean body weight, respectively, by the end of 6 weeks. Presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen could interfere with digestion, with a gradual loss in body weight, productivity and occasional mortality. Plastic Bags in the rumen should be considered as a differential diagnosis in sheep presenting the observed clinical signs, especially in urban and periurban areas.
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Effect of ruminal Plastic Bags on wellbeing of goats
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2017Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, William O. OgaraAbstract:Clinical manifestations due to presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen of goats were studied. Sixteen (16) one year old male (castrate) small East African goats with an average weight of 24.5kg were used for the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each (n=4). Three of the groups had, 129g, 258g and 387g of Plastic Bags, respectively, introduced into the rumen through rumenotomy, while the fourth group without implants served as control. All animals in both test and control groups were observed daily for changes in vital parameters and clinical manifestations for a period of 6 weeks following implantation. Presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen of the goats was clinically characterized by anorexia, severe depression, discomfort (grunting sounds), dehydration, firmness and asymmetrical distention of the abdomen, reduced ruminal movements, diarrhoea with intermittent constipation, recumbency and death. Severity of the observed clinical signs increased with the quantity and duration of the Plastic Bags in the rumen. The animals lost varying degrees of body weight proportional to the quantity of Plastic Bags in the rumen. Generally, presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen imposed a serious health burden on the goats affecting their overall wellbeing and weight gain subsequently leading to mortality of some of the animals. Presence of the Plastic Bags in the rumen could affect the overall productivity and production of goats. The significance of this research is in its contribution to understanding the effects of ingestion and accumulation of Plastic Bags in the rumen of goats. Keywords: Clinical signs, goats, Plastic Bags, rumen, wellbeing
Dirk Xanthos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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International policies to reduce Plastic marine pollution from single-use Plastics (Plastic Bags and microbeads): A review
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017Co-Authors: Dirk Xanthos, Tony R. WalkerAbstract:Marine Plastic pollution has been a growing concern for decades. Single-use Plastics (Plastic Bags and microbeads) are a significant source of this pollution. Although research outlining environmental, social, and economic impacts of marine Plastic pollution is growing, few studies have examined policy and legislative tools to reduce Plastic pollution, particularly single-use Plastics (Plastic Bags and microbeads). This paper reviews current international market-based strategies and policies to reduce Plastic Bags and microbeads. While policies to reduce microbeads began in 2014, interventions for Plastic Bags began much earlier in 1991. However, few studies have documented or measured the effectiveness of these reduction strategies. Recommendations to further reduce single-use Plastic marine pollution include: (i) research to evaluate effectiveness of bans and levies to ensure policies are having positive impacts on marine environments; and (ii) education and outreach to reduce consumption of Plastic Bags and microbeads at source.
H. R. Otsyina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of ruminal Plastic Bags on haematological and biochemical parameters of sheep and goats
Ghana journal of agricultural science, 2018Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, William O. OgaraAbstract:A study was carried out with the objective of determining the haematological and blood biochemical parameters in sheep and goats with Plastic Bags in the rumen for a period of 42 days. This was to indicate the possible influence of Plastic Bags in the rumen on blood parameters. 16, one-year old castrate Dorper sheep with a mean body weight of 26.8 kg (± 0.3 kg) and 16 one-year old castrate small East African goats with a mean weight of 24.5 kg (± 0.3 kg) were used for the study. The 16 sheep and 16 goats were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each (n = 4). Three groups of each species were implanted with 129 g, 258 g and 387 g of Plastic Bags, respectively, in the rumen through rumenotomy and the fourth group of each species was control on which rumenotomy was done but with no implanting of Plastic Bags. Blood samples were obtained by jugular venipuncture from all sheep and goats every 2 weeks for analysis. The only haematological parameter that had significant change was platelets, which significantly ( p < 0.05) increased in both sheep and goats with Plastic Bags in the rumen. However, mean values of erythrocytes, packed cell volume, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume decreased but not significantly in the sheep and goats with Plastic Bags in the rumen. The sheep and goats with Plastic Bags in the rumen had hyponatraemmia, hypochloridaemia and decreased aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activity. The changes observed in haematological and biochemical parameters could be an indication of adverse effects on the production and well-being of sheep and goats that ingest these Plastic Bags. These finding may be of diagnostic importance in cases of rumen impaction with indigestible foreign bodies, particularly, Plastic Bags.
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Knowledge, attitude, and practices on usage, disposal, and effect of Plastic Bags on sheep and goats.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2018Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, William O. OgaraAbstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people in the Nairobi and Kajiado Counties, Kenya, on the usage, disposal, and effect of Plastic waste on sheep and goats (shoats). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 384 respondents in four communities in the two counties. Most of the people irrespective of their age, occupation, and educational status used Plastic Bags of some type on a daily basis. A high proportion of the respondents (37.0%, 142) used Plastic Bags because of the low cost. Approximately, 79.1% (304) disposed used Plastic Bags in open dumps. A total of 147 (38.3%) households kept shoats. Out of these, 38.1% (56) purchased feed and also allowed their animals to roam. Most of them (45.3%, 174) thought that lack of feed for the animals was the main reason why shoats roam and scavenge at refuse dump sites and road sides. A large proportion of the respondents (44.5%, 143) mentioned death of animals as the ultimate consequence of ingestion of waste Plastic Bags. Though, the respondents were aware that indiscriminate disposal of used Plastic Bags could result in death of the animals from which they derive their livelihoods, they nevertheless continued with the practice. There is a need for a paradigm shift in the way and manner Plastic Bags are used and disposed.
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Clinical manifestations in sheep with Plastic Bags in the rumen
Ghana journal of science, 2017Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, William O. OgaraAbstract:Sixteen 1-year-old castrate Dorper sheep were used for the study. The animals were divided into four groups of four animals (n = 4). Three groups were implanted with 129 g, 258 g and 387 g of thin Plastic Bags into the rumen through rumenotomy, while the fourth group was subjected to rumenotomy without implanting Plastic Bags, and served as control. All the animals were monitored daily for 6 weeks following implantation. Presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen was characterized by anorexia, severe depression, discomfort, dehydration, firmness and asymmetrical distension of the abdomen, ruminal hypomotility and diarrhoea with intermittent constipation, weight loss, terminal recumbency and death. The severity of these clinical manifestations increased with increased quantities of Plastic Bags and their duration in the rumen. Sheep implanted with 258 g and 387 g lost 7.8 percent and 14.2 percent of their initial mean body weight, respectively, by the end of 6 weeks. Presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen could interfere with digestion, with a gradual loss in body weight, productivity and occasional mortality. Plastic Bags in the rumen should be considered as a differential diagnosis in sheep presenting the observed clinical signs, especially in urban and periurban areas.
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Gross and histopathologic findings in sheep with Plastic Bags in the rumen
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, W. O. OgaraAbstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the gross and histo-pathological lesions caused by Plastic Bags in the rumen of sheep. Sixteen (16) castrated, one-year old Dorper sheep were used for th...
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Effect of ruminal Plastic Bags on wellbeing of goats
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2017Co-Authors: H. R. Otsyina, James Nguhiu-mwangi, P.g. Mbuthia, E G M Mogoa, William O. OgaraAbstract:Clinical manifestations due to presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen of goats were studied. Sixteen (16) one year old male (castrate) small East African goats with an average weight of 24.5kg were used for the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each (n=4). Three of the groups had, 129g, 258g and 387g of Plastic Bags, respectively, introduced into the rumen through rumenotomy, while the fourth group without implants served as control. All animals in both test and control groups were observed daily for changes in vital parameters and clinical manifestations for a period of 6 weeks following implantation. Presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen of the goats was clinically characterized by anorexia, severe depression, discomfort (grunting sounds), dehydration, firmness and asymmetrical distention of the abdomen, reduced ruminal movements, diarrhoea with intermittent constipation, recumbency and death. Severity of the observed clinical signs increased with the quantity and duration of the Plastic Bags in the rumen. The animals lost varying degrees of body weight proportional to the quantity of Plastic Bags in the rumen. Generally, presence of Plastic Bags in the rumen imposed a serious health burden on the goats affecting their overall wellbeing and weight gain subsequently leading to mortality of some of the animals. Presence of the Plastic Bags in the rumen could affect the overall productivity and production of goats. The significance of this research is in its contribution to understanding the effects of ingestion and accumulation of Plastic Bags in the rumen of goats. Keywords: Clinical signs, goats, Plastic Bags, rumen, wellbeing
David Peel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ARCHIVED news release: Retailers regroup in war on Plastic Bags [South Norfolk Council]
2011Co-Authors: David PeelAbstract:Retailers across South Norfolk are getting back together as part of a new push to Say No To Plastic Bags.
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ARCHIVED news release: Norfolk should say No To Plastic Bags this Christmas [South Norfolk Council]
2008Co-Authors: David PeelAbstract:A Wymondham councillor is calling on retailers and shoppers across Norfolk to remember the environment and say no to Plastic Bags this Christmas.
