The Experts below are selected from a list of 3444 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ramona A. Houmanfar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Restructuring Law Enforcement Agencies to Support Prosocial Values: A Behavior-Scientific Model for Addressing Police Brutality
Behavior Analysis in Practice, 2021Co-Authors: Elizabeth L. Ghezzi, Janie A. Funk, Ramona A. HoumanfarAbstract:Policing in the United States is irrefutably a component of systemic racism. The history of Police Brutality against the Black community can be found in our amendments, laws, and cultural practices—it is an infrastructure of oppression. Though Police Brutality is not a new development, it has reached a fever pitch with the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. Recent calls to defund the Police put law enforcement agencies squarely, and rightly, in the spotlight of social justice movements and reform. Current issues operating within law enforcement agencies ensure the perpetuation of a system that reinforces the status quo and gives nothing back to the communities that have been victims of Brutality. A philosophical restructuring of how law enforcement agencies interact with the communities they serve is paramount. The purpose of this article is to propose a behavior-scientific model aimed at both the individual and organizational levels of law enforcement agencies using elements of acceptance and commitment training and Elinor Ostrom’s core design principles, called Prosocial. The Prosocial model promotes the clarification of values within organizations and the communities they serve and reinforces values-consistent action. The model therefore has the potential to be a useful tool to combat systemic racism and Police Brutality within law enforcement agencies. The proposed model will be discussed in the context of who created it (White academicians), who will be implementing it (law enforcement), and ultimately who should benefit from it above and beyond the cessation of Police Brutality and without psychological or financial cost (Black communities).
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Restructuring Law Enforcement Agencies to Support Prosocial Values: A Behavior Scientific Model for Addressing Police Brutality
2020Co-Authors: Elizabeth Ghezzi, Janie Funk, Ramona A. HoumanfarAbstract:Policing in the United States is irrefutably a component of systemic racism. The history of Police Brutality against the Black community can be found in our amendments, laws, and cultural practices—it is an infrastructure of oppression. Though Police Brutality is not a new development, it has reached a fever pitch with the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. Recent calls to defund the Police puts law enforcement agencies squarely, and rightly, in the spotlight of social justice movements and reform. Current issues operating within law enforcement agencies ensure the perpetuation of a system that reinforces the status quo and gives nothing back to the communities that have been victims of Brutality. A philosophical restructuring of how law enforcement agencies interact with the communities they serve is paramount. The purpose of this paper is to propose a behavior scientific model aimed at both the individual and organizational levels of law enforcement agencies using elements of Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) and Elinor Ostrom’s core design principles (CDPs), called Prosocial. The Prosocial model promotes clarification of values within organizations and the communities they serve and reinforces values-consistent action. The model therefore has the potential to be a useful tool to combat systemic racism and Police Brutality within law enforcement agencies. The proposed model will be discussed in the context of those who created it (white academicians), who will be implementing it (law enforcement), and ultimately who should benefit from it above and beyond Police Brutality and without psychological or financial cost (Black communities).
Nicolas E. Barcelo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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White coats for Black lives: medical students responding to racism and Police Brutality
Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Dorothy Charles, Kathryn E. W. Himmelstein, Walker Keenan, Nicolas E. BarceloAbstract:Last fall, Black people and their allies took to social media and the streets to assert that, despite the non-indictment of officers responsible for the deaths of Michael Brown and Eric Garner, Black lives matter. While these protests sparked national dialogue about racism and violence against communities of color, our medical school campuses remained silent and detached. As medical trainees invested in the lives and well-being of people of color, we felt called to action by the #BlackLivesMatter movement. Medicine is not immune to the racism that pervades our education, housing, employment, and criminal justice systems. Moreover, racism and Police Brutality damage the health and lives of people of color, particularly Black people, and must be addressed as a public health crisis. Initially, students at different medical schools initiated conversations and planned separate actions to engage with larger, national struggles for racial justice. For example, students at the University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai independently planned die-in demonstrations regionally and locally, respectively, in solidarity with national die-ins in public spaces. Students at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, who at the time were writing an open letter calling for a public response to racism from medical professionals, heard about the actions being planned at UCSF and Mount Sinai and created a line of communication among the three schools. Students at these schools coordinated a single, national die-in demonstration on December 10, International Human Rights Day. Through social media, interpersonal connections, and a press release sent out by Physicians for a National Health Program, who endorsed the action, news of the die-in quickly spread nationwide. Ultimately, over 3000 students at more than 80
Benjamin Häefele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A criminological assessment of Police Brutality and criminality against women in custody in South Africa
Police Practice and Research, 2015Co-Authors: Anni Hesselink, Benjamin HäefeleAbstract:In recent years, South Africa has become infamous for unacceptable high rates of Police Brutality and criminality. This article alludes to Police Brutality and criminality in general and explains women in custody’s fear and experience of Police Brutality in South Africa. A total of 56 women were interviewed over a 6-month period to determine the level of Police Brutality they endured while in custody. Special attention is given to the types of crime committed, Police Brutality endured during custody, whether they reported the incident of Police Brutality to officials, as well as their general feelings and attitudes (fear) towards the Police. We found that a significant number of women committed crimes such as in possession of stolen property, malicious damage to property, armed robbery and dealing in drugs. Most of the women experienced physical assault (clapping, hitting and kicking) and verbal abuse (being sworn at) while in custody.
Dorothy Charles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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White coats for Black lives: medical students responding to racism and Police Brutality
Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Dorothy Charles, Kathryn E. W. Himmelstein, Walker Keenan, Nicolas E. BarceloAbstract:Last fall, Black people and their allies took to social media and the streets to assert that, despite the non-indictment of officers responsible for the deaths of Michael Brown and Eric Garner, Black lives matter. While these protests sparked national dialogue about racism and violence against communities of color, our medical school campuses remained silent and detached. As medical trainees invested in the lives and well-being of people of color, we felt called to action by the #BlackLivesMatter movement. Medicine is not immune to the racism that pervades our education, housing, employment, and criminal justice systems. Moreover, racism and Police Brutality damage the health and lives of people of color, particularly Black people, and must be addressed as a public health crisis. Initially, students at different medical schools initiated conversations and planned separate actions to engage with larger, national struggles for racial justice. For example, students at the University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai independently planned die-in demonstrations regionally and locally, respectively, in solidarity with national die-ins in public spaces. Students at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, who at the time were writing an open letter calling for a public response to racism from medical professionals, heard about the actions being planned at UCSF and Mount Sinai and created a line of communication among the three schools. Students at these schools coordinated a single, national die-in demonstration on December 10, International Human Rights Day. Through social media, interpersonal connections, and a press release sent out by Physicians for a National Health Program, who endorsed the action, news of the die-in quickly spread nationwide. Ultimately, over 3000 students at more than 80
Malcolm D. Holmes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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COMMUNITY ACCOUNTABILITY, MINORITY THREAT, AND Police Brutality: AN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS
Criminology, 2003Co-Authors: Brad W. Smith, Malcolm D. HolmesAbstract:A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of Police Brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural-level analyses of the incidence of Police Brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hypothesis and the threat hypothesis, we tested the predictions of two prominent structural-level explanations of Police Brutality in a study of civil rights criminal complaints. The study included cities of 150,000+ population (n = 114). The findings reveal that two community accountability variables—ratio percent Hispanic citizens to percent Hispanic Police officers and the presence of citizen review—were related positively to Police Brutality complaints, partially supporting that perspective. Two threat hypothesis measures of threatening people—percent black and percent Hispanic (in the Southwest)—were related positively to complaints, as predicted. The relative degree of support for the two hypotheses is assessed.
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MINORITY THREAT AND Police Brutality: DETERMINANTS OF CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS IN U.S. MUNICIPALITIES
Criminology, 2000Co-Authors: Malcolm D. HolmesAbstract:The conflict theory of law stipulates that strategies of crime control regulate threats to the interests of dominant groups. Aggregate-level research on policing has generally supported this proposition, showing that measures of minority threat are related to legal mechanisms of crime control. Police Brutality (i.e., use of excessive physical force) constitutes an extra-legal mechanism of control that has yet to be examined in this theoretical framework. This study extends research in the area theoretically and substantively by testing the hypothesis that the greater the number of threatening acts and people, the greater the number of Police Brutality civil rights criminal complaints filed with the U.S. Department of Justice. The findings show that measures of the presence of threatening people (percent black, percent Hispanic [in the Southwest], and majority/minority income inequality) were related positively to average annual civil rights criminal complaints.