The Experts below are selected from a list of 204309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jason Lyall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from cell phones to Conflict reflections on the emerging ict Political Conflict research agenda
Journal of Peace Research, 2015Co-Authors: Allan Dafoe, Jason LyallAbstract:From mobilizing masses to monitoring rebels, information and communication technologies (ICT) are transforming Political Conflict. We reflect on the contributions made by the articles of this special issue to the emerging ICT–Political Conflict research agenda, highlighting strengths of these articles, and offering suggestions for moving forward. Elaborate theory is crucial: it informs our standards of evidence, our choice of statistical models, our tests of competing theories, and our efforts to draw appropriate generalizations. Qualitative data is often neglected as a source of evidence, especially for evaluating the many competing mechanisms in this literature. Alternative explanations for results should be taken seriously, especially more mundane ones like confounding, measurement, and selection biases. We discuss in detail the risk that measurement bias could account for the prominent association between cellular coverage and (reported) Conflict, and recommend several ways of evaluating and bounding this risk. We discuss the problem of temporal and spatial dependence for statistical inference – a problem that is often present for studies of ICTs – and point out that methodological solutions rely on (rarely stated) causal assumptions. Finally, we highlight key areas for future research, recommend a commitment to transparency best practices, and conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of this research.
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from cell phones to Conflict reflections on the emerging ict Political Conflict research agenda
Journal of Peace Research, 2015Co-Authors: Allan Dafoe, Jason LyallAbstract:From mobilizing masses to monitoring rebels, information and communication technologies (ICT) are transforming Political Conflict. We reflect on the contributions made by the articles of this speci...
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from cell phones to Conflict reflections on the emerging ict Political Conflict research agenda
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Allan Dafoe, Jason LyallAbstract:From mobilizing masses to monitoring rebels, information and communication technologies (ICT) can transform Political Conflict. We reflect on the contributions made by the articles of this special issue to the emerging ICT-Political Conflict research agenda. We highlight the benefits of elaborate theorizing, alternative hypothesis testing, and qualitative evidence for teasing out the multiple, sometimes cross-cutting, effects of ICT. These effects are likely conditional and dynamic, suggesting the need to specify scope conditions and to engage in close-range analysis of the mechanisms that are producing these effects. We also consider the problem of temporal and spatial dependence, a challenge facing many studies of ICTs. Finally, we highlight key areas for future research and conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of this research.
Allan Dafoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from cell phones to Conflict reflections on the emerging ict Political Conflict research agenda
Journal of Peace Research, 2015Co-Authors: Allan Dafoe, Jason LyallAbstract:From mobilizing masses to monitoring rebels, information and communication technologies (ICT) are transforming Political Conflict. We reflect on the contributions made by the articles of this special issue to the emerging ICT–Political Conflict research agenda, highlighting strengths of these articles, and offering suggestions for moving forward. Elaborate theory is crucial: it informs our standards of evidence, our choice of statistical models, our tests of competing theories, and our efforts to draw appropriate generalizations. Qualitative data is often neglected as a source of evidence, especially for evaluating the many competing mechanisms in this literature. Alternative explanations for results should be taken seriously, especially more mundane ones like confounding, measurement, and selection biases. We discuss in detail the risk that measurement bias could account for the prominent association between cellular coverage and (reported) Conflict, and recommend several ways of evaluating and bounding this risk. We discuss the problem of temporal and spatial dependence for statistical inference – a problem that is often present for studies of ICTs – and point out that methodological solutions rely on (rarely stated) causal assumptions. Finally, we highlight key areas for future research, recommend a commitment to transparency best practices, and conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of this research.
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from cell phones to Conflict reflections on the emerging ict Political Conflict research agenda
Journal of Peace Research, 2015Co-Authors: Allan Dafoe, Jason LyallAbstract:From mobilizing masses to monitoring rebels, information and communication technologies (ICT) are transforming Political Conflict. We reflect on the contributions made by the articles of this speci...
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from cell phones to Conflict reflections on the emerging ict Political Conflict research agenda
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Allan Dafoe, Jason LyallAbstract:From mobilizing masses to monitoring rebels, information and communication technologies (ICT) can transform Political Conflict. We reflect on the contributions made by the articles of this special issue to the emerging ICT-Political Conflict research agenda. We highlight the benefits of elaborate theorizing, alternative hypothesis testing, and qualitative evidence for teasing out the multiple, sometimes cross-cutting, effects of ICT. These effects are likely conditional and dynamic, suggesting the need to specify scope conditions and to engage in close-range analysis of the mechanisms that are producing these effects. We also consider the problem of temporal and spatial dependence, a challenge facing many studies of ICTs. Finally, we highlight key areas for future research and conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of this research.
Jeremy Ginges - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exposure to Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress in middle east youth protective factors
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine the role of family- and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old; approximately half of each gender) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Greater cumulative exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence across the first 2 waves of the study predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms even when we controlled for the child's initial level of PTS symptoms. This relation was significantly moderated by a youth's self-esteem and by the positive parenting received by the youth. In particular, the longitudinal relation between exposure to violence and subsequent PTS symptoms was significant for low self-esteem youth and for youth receiving little positive parenting but was non-significant for children with high levels of these protective resources. Our findings show that youth most vulnerable to PTS symptoms as a result of exposure to ethnic-Political violence are those with lower levels of self-esteem and who experience low levels of positive parenting. Interventions for war-exposed youth should test whether boosting self-esteem and positive parenting might reduce subsequent levels of PTS symptoms.
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exposure to Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress in middle east youth protective factors
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine the role of family- and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old; approximately half of each gender) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Greater cumulative exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence across the first 2 waves of the study predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms even when we controlled for the child's initial level of PTS symptoms. This relation was significantly moderated by a youth's self-esteem and by the positive parenting received by the youth. In p...
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exposure to Conflict and violence across contexts relations to adjustment among palestinian children
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Jeremy GingesAbstract:Despite extensive literatures on the impact on children of exposure to violence in families, neighborhoods, and peer groups, there has been relatively little effort evaluating their cumulative impact. There also has been less attention to the effects of exposure to Political Conflict and violence. We collected data from a representative sample of 600 Palestinian youths (3 age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) to evaluate the relation of exposure to Political Conflict and violence, and violence in the family, community, and school, to posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and aggressive behavior. Results highlight the additive effects of exposure to Political Conflict and violence, suggesting that interventionists should consider the full spectrum of sources of environmental risk for PTS symptoms and aggressive behavior.
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sacred bounds on rational resolution of violent Political Conflict
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007Co-Authors: Jeremy Ginges, Scott Atran, Douglas L Medin, Khalil ShikakiAbstract:We report a series of experiments carried out with Palestinian and Israeli participants showing that violent opposition to compromise over issues considered sacred is (i) increased by offering material incentives to compromise but (ii) decreased when the adversary makes symbolic compromises over their own sacred values. These results demonstrate some of the unique properties of reasoning and decision-making over sacred values. We show that the use of material incentives to promote the peaceful resolution of Political and cultural Conflicts may backfire when adversaries treat contested issues as sacred values.
Khalil Shikaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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children s exposure to violent Political Conflict stimulates aggression at peers by increasing emotional distress aggressive script rehearsal and normative beliefs favoring aggression
Development and Psychopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Rowell L Huesmann, Eric F Dubow, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Khalil ShikakiAbstract:We examine the hypothesis that children's exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict and violence over the course of a year stimulates their increased aggression toward their own in-group peers in subsequent years. In addition, we examine what social cognitive and emotional processes mediate these effects and how these effects are moderated by gender, age, and ethnic group. To accomplish these aims, we collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Exposure to ethnic-Political violence was correlated with aggression at in-group peers among all age cohorts. Using a cross-lagged structural equation model from Year 1 to Year 3, we found that the relation between exposure and aggression is more plausibly due to exposure to ethnic-Political violence stimulating later aggression at peers than vice versa, and this effect was not moderated significantly by gender, age cohort, or ethnic group. Using three-wave structural equation models, we then showed that this effect was significantly mediated by changes in normative beliefs about aggression, aggressive script rehearsal, and emotional distress produced by the exposure. Again the best fitting model did not allow for moderation by gender, age cohort, or ethnic group. The findings are consistent with recent theorizing that exposure to violence leads to changes both in emotional processes promoting aggression and in the acquisition through observational learning of social cognitions promoting aggression.
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negative stereotypes of ethnic outgroups a longitudinal examination among palestinian israeli jewish and israeli arab youth
Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2016Co-Authors: Erika Y Niwa, Khalil Shikaki, Eric F Dubow, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir GvirsmanAbstract:Ethno-Political Conflict impacts thousands of youth globally and has been associated with a number of negative psychological outcomes. Extant literature has mostly addressed the adverse emotional and behavioral outcomes of exposure while failing to examine change over time in social-cognitive factors in contexts of ethno-Political Conflict. Using cohort-sequential longitudinal data, the present study examines ethnic variation in the development of negative stereotypes about ethnic out-groups among Palestinian (n=600), Israeli Jewish (n=451), and Israeli Arab (n=450) youth over three years. Age and exposure to ethno-Political violence were included as covariates for these trajectories. Findings indicate important ethnic differences in trajectories of negative stereotypes about ethnic out-groups, as well as variation in how such trajectories are shaped by prolonged ethno-Political Conflict.
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exposure to Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress in middle east youth protective factors
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine the role of family- and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old; approximately half of each gender) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Greater cumulative exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence across the first 2 waves of the study predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms even when we controlled for the child's initial level of PTS symptoms. This relation was significantly moderated by a youth's self-esteem and by the positive parenting received by the youth. In p...
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exposure to Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress in middle east youth protective factors
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine the role of family- and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old; approximately half of each gender) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Greater cumulative exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence across the first 2 waves of the study predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms even when we controlled for the child's initial level of PTS symptoms. This relation was significantly moderated by a youth's self-esteem and by the positive parenting received by the youth. In particular, the longitudinal relation between exposure to violence and subsequent PTS symptoms was significant for low self-esteem youth and for youth receiving little positive parenting but was non-significant for children with high levels of these protective resources. Our findings show that youth most vulnerable to PTS symptoms as a result of exposure to ethnic-Political violence are those with lower levels of self-esteem and who experience low levels of positive parenting. Interventions for war-exposed youth should test whether boosting self-esteem and positive parenting might reduce subsequent levels of PTS symptoms.
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exposure to Conflict and violence across contexts relations to adjustment among palestinian children
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Jeremy GingesAbstract:Despite extensive literatures on the impact on children of exposure to violence in families, neighborhoods, and peer groups, there has been relatively little effort evaluating their cumulative impact. There also has been less attention to the effects of exposure to Political Conflict and violence. We collected data from a representative sample of 600 Palestinian youths (3 age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) to evaluate the relation of exposure to Political Conflict and violence, and violence in the family, community, and school, to posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and aggressive behavior. Results highlight the additive effects of exposure to Political Conflict and violence, suggesting that interventionists should consider the full spectrum of sources of environmental risk for PTS symptoms and aggressive behavior.
Eric F Dubow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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children s exposure to violent Political Conflict stimulates aggression at peers by increasing emotional distress aggressive script rehearsal and normative beliefs favoring aggression
Development and Psychopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Rowell L Huesmann, Eric F Dubow, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Khalil ShikakiAbstract:We examine the hypothesis that children's exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict and violence over the course of a year stimulates their increased aggression toward their own in-group peers in subsequent years. In addition, we examine what social cognitive and emotional processes mediate these effects and how these effects are moderated by gender, age, and ethnic group. To accomplish these aims, we collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Exposure to ethnic-Political violence was correlated with aggression at in-group peers among all age cohorts. Using a cross-lagged structural equation model from Year 1 to Year 3, we found that the relation between exposure and aggression is more plausibly due to exposure to ethnic-Political violence stimulating later aggression at peers than vice versa, and this effect was not moderated significantly by gender, age cohort, or ethnic group. Using three-wave structural equation models, we then showed that this effect was significantly mediated by changes in normative beliefs about aggression, aggressive script rehearsal, and emotional distress produced by the exposure. Again the best fitting model did not allow for moderation by gender, age cohort, or ethnic group. The findings are consistent with recent theorizing that exposure to violence leads to changes both in emotional processes promoting aggression and in the acquisition through observational learning of social cognitions promoting aggression.
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negative stereotypes of ethnic outgroups a longitudinal examination among palestinian israeli jewish and israeli arab youth
Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2016Co-Authors: Erika Y Niwa, Khalil Shikaki, Eric F Dubow, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir GvirsmanAbstract:Ethno-Political Conflict impacts thousands of youth globally and has been associated with a number of negative psychological outcomes. Extant literature has mostly addressed the adverse emotional and behavioral outcomes of exposure while failing to examine change over time in social-cognitive factors in contexts of ethno-Political Conflict. Using cohort-sequential longitudinal data, the present study examines ethnic variation in the development of negative stereotypes about ethnic out-groups among Palestinian (n=600), Israeli Jewish (n=451), and Israeli Arab (n=450) youth over three years. Age and exposure to ethno-Political violence were included as covariates for these trajectories. Findings indicate important ethnic differences in trajectories of negative stereotypes about ethnic out-groups, as well as variation in how such trajectories are shaped by prolonged ethno-Political Conflict.
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exposure to Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress in middle east youth protective factors
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine the role of family- and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old; approximately half of each gender) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Greater cumulative exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence across the first 2 waves of the study predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms even when we controlled for the child's initial level of PTS symptoms. This relation was significantly moderated by a youth's self-esteem and by the positive parenting received by the youth. In p...
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exposure to Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress in middle east youth protective factors
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine the role of family- and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old; approximately half of each gender) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Greater cumulative exposure to ethnic-Political Conflict/violence across the first 2 waves of the study predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms even when we controlled for the child's initial level of PTS symptoms. This relation was significantly moderated by a youth's self-esteem and by the positive parenting received by the youth. In particular, the longitudinal relation between exposure to violence and subsequent PTS symptoms was significant for low self-esteem youth and for youth receiving little positive parenting but was non-significant for children with high levels of these protective resources. Our findings show that youth most vulnerable to PTS symptoms as a result of exposure to ethnic-Political violence are those with lower levels of self-esteem and who experience low levels of positive parenting. Interventions for war-exposed youth should test whether boosting self-esteem and positive parenting might reduce subsequent levels of PTS symptoms.
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exposure to Conflict and violence across contexts relations to adjustment among palestinian children
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Khalil Shikaki, Rowell L Huesmann, Paul Boxer, Simha F Landau, Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Jeremy GingesAbstract:Despite extensive literatures on the impact on children of exposure to violence in families, neighborhoods, and peer groups, there has been relatively little effort evaluating their cumulative impact. There also has been less attention to the effects of exposure to Political Conflict and violence. We collected data from a representative sample of 600 Palestinian youths (3 age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) to evaluate the relation of exposure to Political Conflict and violence, and violence in the family, community, and school, to posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and aggressive behavior. Results highlight the additive effects of exposure to Political Conflict and violence, suggesting that interventionists should consider the full spectrum of sources of environmental risk for PTS symptoms and aggressive behavior.
