The Experts below are selected from a list of 621477 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vetrhus, Ingvild Guro Larsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Agricultural transformation through Climate-smart agriculture : a study on power relations in the climate-smart villages of Hoima District, Uganda
Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås, 2019Co-Authors: Vetrhus, Ingvild Guro LarsenAbstract:Adaptation in a technical form and meaning is no longer enough if world populations are to be able to live with, reduce and withstand the impacts of climate change (Pelling, 2011). Various approaches to adaptation, such as Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) initiatives, are increasingly promoted as a solution to climate change for farming communities. They intend to both strengthen resilience and reduce emissions from agricultural activities, as well as enable poor households to manage climatic variability and change (Khatri-Chhetria, et al. 2017). Some scholars view CSA as a tool for agricultural transformation that promote equitable approaches in the face of climate change. However, it remains unclear whether CSA initiatives address the root causes of vulnerability to climate change, such as the link between power, vulnerability, inequality, and inequity – the interrelated factors that make people vulnerable to climate change in the first place (Karlsson, et al. 2017). This study investigates how CSA can open up or close down spaces for agricultural transformation towards equitable approaches to climate change, and addresses CSA through three spheres of transformation. These include the personal (worldviews, values) the Political (Policy and governance) and the practical sphere (measurable or observable adaptation outcomes on the ground) (O’Brien og Sygna 2013). The concept of subjectivities is then used as an analytical tool, or as a lense, to explore how the values and worldviews that underlie the socio-Political relations in the case of a Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) project in Hoima District, western Uganda, interacts across the spheres. This study explores the social reality of CSA stakeholders and the local population, including members and non-members of the project, project staff and authorities, to gain empirical insight to how their worldviews, values shape power relations in and around the CSA project. Lessons drawn from the examination of this case study aimsto add to our understanding of the ways in which transformation may be supported or undermined through climate interventions, and provide an example of how power relations can open up or close down spaces for agricultural transformation in a smallholder farming community. Findings suggest that the power relations in and around the CSA project in Hoima risk reinforcing an expert-hierarchy, where subjectivities deriving from worldviews and values cast small-scale farmers, especially women, in passive roles as receivers. Without contestation, these subjectivities risk closing down spaces for transformation.M-IE
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Agricultural transformation through Climate-smart agriculture : a study on power relations in the climate-smart villages of Hoima District, Uganda
Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås, 2019Co-Authors: Vetrhus, Ingvild Guro LarsenAbstract:Adaptation in a technical form and meaning is no longer enough if world populations are to be able to live with, reduce and withstand the impacts of climate change (Pelling, 2011). Various approaches to adaptation, such as Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) initiatives, are increasingly promoted as a solution to climate change for farming communities. They intend to both strengthen resilience and reduce emissions from agricultural activities, as well as enable poor households to manage climatic variability and change (Khatri-Chhetria, et al. 2017). Some scholars view CSA as a tool for agricultural transformation that promote equitable approaches in the face of climate change. However, it remains unclear whether CSA initiatives address the root causes of vulnerability to climate change, such as the link between power, vulnerability, inequality, and inequity – the interrelated factors that make people vulnerable to climate change in the first place (Karlsson, et al. 2017). This study investigates how CSA can open up or close down spaces for agricultural transformation towards equitable approaches to climate change, and addresses CSA through three spheres of transformation. These include the personal (worldviews, values) the Political (Policy and governance) and the practical sphere (measurable or observable adaptation outcomes on the ground) (O’Brien og Sygna 2013). The concept of subjectivities is then used as an analytical tool, or as a lense, to explore how the values and worldviews that underlie the socio-Political relations in the case of a Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) project in Hoima District, western Uganda, interacts across the spheres. This study explores the social reality of CSA stakeholders and the local population, including members and non-members of the project, project staff and authorities, to gain empirical insight to how their worldviews, values shape power relations in and around the CSA project. Lessons drawn from the examination of this case study aimsto add to our understanding of the ways in which transformation may be supported or undermined through climate interventions, and provide an example of how power relations can open up or close down spaces for agricultural transformation in a smallholder farming community. Findings suggest that the power relations in and around the CSA project in Hoima risk reinforcing an expert-hierarchy, where subjectivities deriving from worldviews and values cast small-scale farmers, especially women, in passive roles as receivers. Without contestation, these subjectivities risk closing down spaces for transformation
Elizabeth Vidler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the indeterminacy of choice Political Policy and organisational implications
Social Policy and Society, 2006Co-Authors: John Clarke, Nick Smith, Elizabeth VidlerAbstract:Choice has become a central – and much debated – theme of New Labour's approach to the reform of public service. In this article we examine the conditions and consequences of the indeterminacy of choice in Political discourse, Policy development and organisational dynamics. We suggest that the under-specification of choice in Political and Policy settings risks devolving the stresses of indeterminacy to service organisations and their interactions with the public. We explore some of the public's ambivalence about choice and public services and conclude by offering two ways of thinking about the indeterminacy of choice – treating choice as a condensate and as a proxy
Richard B Saltman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decentralization re centralization and future european health Policy
European Journal of Public Health, 2007Co-Authors: Richard B SaltmanAbstract:A major shift appears to be underway in Europe in the relationship between national, regional, and local control over health sector decision-making. Since World War II, a central thrust of health Policy has been to decentralize key dimensions of decision-making authority to increasingly lower levels of government, as well as (in Social Health Insurance systems and recently in some tax-based systems) to private sector organizations.1 This strategy, to adapt Kondratiev's business-cycle framework,2 has been one of two overlapping ‘long waves’ that helped frame structural decisions in most Western European health systems. The second wave—market-influenced-entrepreneurialism—has run simultaneously with decentralization since the late 1980s. However, while this second, market-oriented wave has generated considerable controversy in some health Policy circles, the concept of decentralization was readily accepted in many national Policy contexts. As a result, over the second half of the 20th century, expanded decentralization of authority to regional, municipal and non-governmental control has become part of the ‘received wisdom’ about what good health Policy should include. In the tax-funded health systems in Nordic countries, for example, most administrative and managerial responsibility as well as substantial Political (Policy) and fiscal decision-making control has been decentralized inside the public sector: from national to regional level (somatic hospitals in Norway in 1970; mental hospitals in Sweden in 1967), from regional to municipal level (elderly residential care in Sweden in 1992), and from national to municipal level (effective decision-making control over central hospitals in Finland in 1993). In the tax-funded health systems in Southern Europe, most administrative and managerial as well as many Political (but not key fiscal) responsibilities were devolved from national to regional governments in Spain (to the 17 autonomous communities from 1981 to 2003), and in Italy (to 22 regional governments starting in the late 1980s). In social health insurance funded …
John Clarke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the indeterminacy of choice Political Policy and organisational implications
Social Policy and Society, 2006Co-Authors: John Clarke, Nick Smith, Elizabeth VidlerAbstract:Choice has become a central – and much debated – theme of New Labour's approach to the reform of public service. In this article we examine the conditions and consequences of the indeterminacy of choice in Political discourse, Policy development and organisational dynamics. We suggest that the under-specification of choice in Political and Policy settings risks devolving the stresses of indeterminacy to service organisations and their interactions with the public. We explore some of the public's ambivalence about choice and public services and conclude by offering two ways of thinking about the indeterminacy of choice – treating choice as a condensate and as a proxy
Sam C Banks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ignoring the science in failing to conserve a faunal icon major Political Policy and management problems in preventing the extinction of leadbeater s possum
Pacific Conservation Biology, 2015Co-Authors: David B Lindenmayer, David Blair, Lachlan Mcburney, Sam C BanksAbstract:Leadbeater’s possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is an arboreal marsupial that occurs primarily in the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. Leadbeater’s possum is among the best studied endangered species globally. Despite extensive monitoring and research, the ongoing population trajectory of the species has resulted in its recent upgrading from Endangered to Critically Endangered. One of the key processes threatening the species is the widespread use of clearfell logging, which significantly degrades the habitat of the species and results in long-term habitat loss, fragmented populations, and an elevated risk of high-severity crown-scorching fires. A general principle underpinning conservation biology is to remove key threatening processes to enhance the conservation of species. The cessation of clearfell logging and a major expansion of the reserve system are urgently needed to limit the risk of extinction of Leadbeater’s possum. Current government policies and practices that continue to result in clearfelling of montane ash forests run counter to the large body of science indicating what is needed to conserve Leadbeater’s possum. A large ecological reserve is urgently required to maximise the chances that the species will persist in the wild.
