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Noelia Araujovila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the treatment of language in travel advisories as a covert tool of Political Sanction
Tourism Management Perspectives, 2021Co-Authors: Diego R Toubes, Noelia AraujovilaAbstract:Abstract The safety-related contents in the travel advisories issued by the departments of foreign affairs stand out among the drivers of the perception of risk by international travellers. The aim of this paper is to identify keywords used in safety advice and to explore how such words are related to countries issuing the travel advice and to the risks identified in the destination country. A content analysis of the travel advisories issued by the five main tourist origin markets for Kenya (USA, UK, Germany, France and Italy) within a time span of five years is carried out. Both qualitative (text mining) and quantitative approaches (correspondence analysis) were used to analyse the narrative information. The results show substantial differences in the treatment of language between the countries as well as a persistent use of words related to risk and potential threats even though the reasons for them are no longer present.
Diego R Toubes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the treatment of language in travel advisories as a covert tool of Political Sanction
Tourism Management Perspectives, 2021Co-Authors: Diego R Toubes, Noelia AraujovilaAbstract:Abstract The safety-related contents in the travel advisories issued by the departments of foreign affairs stand out among the drivers of the perception of risk by international travellers. The aim of this paper is to identify keywords used in safety advice and to explore how such words are related to countries issuing the travel advice and to the risks identified in the destination country. A content analysis of the travel advisories issued by the five main tourist origin markets for Kenya (USA, UK, Germany, France and Italy) within a time span of five years is carried out. Both qualitative (text mining) and quantitative approaches (correspondence analysis) were used to analyse the narrative information. The results show substantial differences in the treatment of language between the countries as well as a persistent use of words related to risk and potential threats even though the reasons for them are no longer present.
Ribeiro, Ricardo Lúcio De Lima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Análise da legalidade da apreensão de veículos não licenciados por inadimplência do IPVA
2019Co-Authors: Ribeiro, Ricardo Lúcio De LimaAbstract:Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2019.Este trabalho pretende analisar a constitucionalidade dos dispositivos do Código de Trânsito Brasileiro que preveem a exigência do licenciamento regular para veículos automotores transitarem em via pública e a apreensão destes veículos pela autoridade de trânsito, quando não licenciados em função da inadimplência do Imposto sobre a Propriedade (IPVA). Diversas ações foram protocoladas pela Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, sob a alegação da prática de sanção política e confisco, não se concluindo nas instâncias ordinárias do Poder Judiciário em diferentes Estados da Federação por um entendimento de maneira homogênea e restando pendentes os julgamentos pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal para pacificar a questão e definir a jurisprudência. No Parlamento, igualmente pendente está a apreciação do Projeto de Lei 8.498/17, que versa sobre a supressão da apreensão dos veículos inadimplentes com a obrigação tributária e a desvinculação desta do licenciamento. A partir da revisão da literatura e da análise das mais recentes decisões judiciais sobre o tema, concluiu-se que a medida de apreensão de veículos não licenciados por inadimplência do imposto sobre sua propriedade é medida legal e constitucional, nos moldes do ordenamento jurídico vigente.This paper aims to analyze the constitutionality of the provisions of the Brazilian Traffic Code that provide for the requirement of regular licensing for motor vehicles to transit on public roads and the seizure of these vehicles by the traffic authority, when not licensed due to the default of the Property Tax. (IPVA). Several lawsuits were filed by the Brazilian Bar Association, alleging the practice of Political Sanction and confiscation, not being concluded in the ordinary instances of the Judiciary Power in different states of the Federation for a homogeneous understanding and judgments pending by the Superior Court of Justice and the Federal Supreme Court to pacify the matter and define case law. Also pending in Parliament is the consideration of Bill 8.498 / 17, which deals with the suppression of the seizure of delinquent vehicles with the tax obligation and its disengagement from licensing. From the literature review and analysis of the most recent court decisions on the subject, it was concluded that the seizure of unlicensed vehicles for delinquency of their property tax is a legal and constitutional measure, in accordance with the current legal syste
Beacon Mbiba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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communal land rights in zimbabwe as state Sanction and social control a narrative
Africa, 2001Co-Authors: Beacon MbibaAbstract:THE LAND QUESTION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Land remains the most central issue: underpinning social, economic and Political processes in Southern and Eastern Africa (Palmer, 1996; Simon, 1995). However, the dominance of and preoccupation with the repossession of former settler colonial (white-owned) large farms for distribution to the marginalised majority black population (Moyo, 1995; Simon, 1995; Palmer, 1999), although very necessary and long overdue, has delayed or precluded serious attention to other more subtle land related conflicts. These include issues of security of tenure and land access, inequities in the communal and resettlement areas (Kinsey, 1999) and within urban and peri-urban zones (Maxwell et al., 1998) as well as tension between communal area peasants and commercial farm workers, most of whom are of Malawian, Zambian or Mozambique origin (Ranger, 1985: 287; Mbiba, 1999c: 202-4). Another issue also sidelined is to do with conflicts between peasant farmers and those in Small Scale Commercial Areas plus the productivity of the latter since 1980. Moyo (1995:128) concurs that Zimbabwe's national land debate has neglected land problems facing communal land. Concrete programmes to deal with environmental degradation, land use, declining productivity, distribution, tenure, transfer of rights from state ownership (disguised as communal ownership) are all stalled pending resolution of the redistribution of large commercial farms. A dominant view on communal lands is that by descent all Zimbabweans of African origin have a right to use the communal lands (CFU, 1994; ZFU, 1994). Exclusion of urban workers has been rejected, using the social security argument (Whitsun Foundation, 1979; GoZ LTC, 1994; see below). However, this rejection has not considered contradictions in the argument vis-a-vis those with ownership of freehold urban property and other forms of urban security (Mbiba, 1999c). The article accepts the validity of the social security argument in some cases, but points out that these rights are a construct whose persistence has helped perpetuate repressive urban management regimes as well as gender inequities at the household level. The third section of the article will present a historical evolution of the construct and highlight the existence of social differentiation in the communal lands. Society in these areas is not so homogeneous that positions taken in debates on the future of this construct would be driven by vested interests within or outside the various groups. This is followed in the fourth section by presentations of how the spatial construct was translated into the socio-economic `social security' argument for urban workers. The changing scenario with regard to urban trends and ownership of urban houses by black Zimbabweans is also outlined. This highlights the importance of housing as well as the failure of postcolonial governments to provide adequate urban housing. It is within this context of failure that the construct of communal land rights has partly been used as an urban management option by the state. It has also been used for Political Sanction and control (Auret, 1994), an issue not covered in this article. The article was written prior to the Political and economic crisis that followed the key 2000 events such as the constitutional referendum, the national elections and the emergence of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) as a vibrant Political challenge to the ruling ZANU (PF) party. In this context a question that could be asked is `To what extent will this changing Political landscape affect communal land rights?' or, to put it differently, `What would happen to communal land rights under an MDC government, assuming the party came to power?' This is an exciting question that would require the use of a different literature base and methods from those employed here. The responses to this question in the postscript are therefore tentative remarks based on limited press material. …