The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Antonello Barresi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonlinear soft-sensors design for unsteady-state VOC afterburners
American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2006Co-Authors: Davide Fissore, David Edouard, Hassan Hammouri, Antonello BarresiAbstract:An observer for a reverse-flow reactor, where the combustion of lean VOC mixtures takes place, is designed in this work and it is demonstrated to allow for a quick and reliable estimation of the inlet Pollutant Concentration and of the outlet reactant conversion from some temperature measurements in the reactor, even when the Pollutant Concentration in the feed or the Pollutant itself changes and when the reaction is moving toward extinction. The results may be used for control purposes, thus avoiding expensive hardware sensors and time-consuming on-line measurements.
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Nonlinear soft‐sensors design for unsteady‐state VOC afterburners
AIChE Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Davide Fissore, David Edouard, Hassan Hammouri, Antonello BarresiAbstract:An observer for a reverse-flow reactor, where the combustion of lean VOC mixtures takes place, is designed in this work and it is demonstrated to allow for a quick and reliable estimation of the inlet Pollutant Concentration and of the outlet reactant conversion from some temperature measurements in the reactor, even when the Pollutant Concentration in the feed or the Pollutant itself changes and when the reaction is moving toward extinction. The results may be used for control purposes, thus avoiding expensive hardware sensors and time-consuming on-line measurements.
Riccardo Buccolieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of local scale tree atmosphere interaction on Pollutant Concentration in idealized street canyons and application to a real urban junction
Atmospheric Environment, 2011Co-Authors: Riccardo Buccolieri, Silvana Di Sabatino, Salim Mohamed Salim, Laura S Leo, Andy Chan, P Ielpo, Gianluigi De Gennaro, C Christof B GromkeAbstract:Abstract This paper first discusses the aerodynamic effects of trees on local scale flow and Pollutant Concentration in idealized street canyon configurations by means of laboratory experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). These analyses are then used as a reference modelling study for the extension a the neighbourhood scale by investigating a real urban junction of a medium size city in southern Italy. A comparison with previous investigations shows that street-level Concentrations crucially depend on the wind direction and street canyon aspect ratio W/H (with W and H the width and the height of buildings, respectively) rather than on tree crown porosity and stand density. It is usually assumed in the literature that larger Concentrations are associated with perpendicular approaching wind. In this study, we demonstrate that while for tree-free street canyons under inclined wind directions the larger the aspect ratio the lower the street-level Concentration, in presence of trees the expected reduction of street-level Concentration with aspect ratio is less pronounced. Observations made for the idealized street canyons are re-interpreted in real case scenario focusing on the neighbourhood scale in proximity of a complex urban junction formed by street canyons of similar aspect ratios as those investigated in the laboratory. The aim is to show the combined influence of building morphology and vegetation on flow and dispersion and to assess the effect of vegetation on local Concentration levels. To this aim, CFD simulations for two typical winter/spring days show that trees contribute to alter the local flow and act to trap Pollutants. This preliminary study indicates that failing to account for the presence of vegetation, as typically practiced in most operational dispersion models, would result in non-negligible errors in the predictions.
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city breathability and its link to Pollutant Concentration distribution within urban like geometries
Atmospheric Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Mats Sandberg, Riccardo Buccolieri, Silvana Di SabatinoAbstract:This paper is devoted to the study of Pollutant Concentration distribution within urban-like geometries. By applying efficiency concepts originally developed for indoor environments, the term venti ...
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aerodynamic effects of trees on Pollutant Concentration in street canyons
Science of The Total Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Riccardo Buccolieri, Silvana Di Sabatino, C Christof B Gromke, B RuckAbstract:Abstract This paper deals with aerodynamic effects of avenue-like tree planting on flow and traffic-originated Pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons by means of wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations. Several parameters affecting pedestrian level Concentration are investigated, namely plant morphology, positioning and arrangement. We extend our previous work in this novel aspect of research to new configurations which comprise tree planting of different crown porosity and stand density, planted in two rows within a canyon of street width to building height ratio W/H = 2 with perpendicular approaching wind. Sulfur hexafluoride was used as tracer gas to model the traffic emissions. Complementary to wind tunnel experiments, 3D numerical simulations were performed with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT™ using a Reynolds Stress turbulence closure for flow and the advection–diffusion method for Concentration calculations. In the presence of trees, both measurements and simulations showed considerable larger Pollutant Concentrations near the leeward wall and slightly lower Concentrations near the windward wall in comparison with the tree-less case. Tree stand density and crown porosity were found to be of minor importance in affecting Pollutant Concentration. On the other hand, the analysis indicated that W/H is a more crucial parameter. The larger the value of W/H the smaller is the effect of trees on pedestrian level Concentration regardless of tree morphology and arrangement. A preliminary analysis of approaching flow velocities showed that at low wind speed the effect of trees on Concentrations is worst than at higher speed. The investigations carried out in this work allowed us to set up an appropriate CFD modelling methodology for the study of the aerodynamic effects of tree planting in street canyons. The results obtained can be used by city planners for the design of tree planting in the urban environment with regard to air quality issues.
Davide Fissore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonlinear soft-sensors design for unsteady-state VOC afterburners
American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2006Co-Authors: Davide Fissore, David Edouard, Hassan Hammouri, Antonello BarresiAbstract:An observer for a reverse-flow reactor, where the combustion of lean VOC mixtures takes place, is designed in this work and it is demonstrated to allow for a quick and reliable estimation of the inlet Pollutant Concentration and of the outlet reactant conversion from some temperature measurements in the reactor, even when the Pollutant Concentration in the feed or the Pollutant itself changes and when the reaction is moving toward extinction. The results may be used for control purposes, thus avoiding expensive hardware sensors and time-consuming on-line measurements.
-
Nonlinear soft‐sensors design for unsteady‐state VOC afterburners
AIChE Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Davide Fissore, David Edouard, Hassan Hammouri, Antonello BarresiAbstract:An observer for a reverse-flow reactor, where the combustion of lean VOC mixtures takes place, is designed in this work and it is demonstrated to allow for a quick and reliable estimation of the inlet Pollutant Concentration and of the outlet reactant conversion from some temperature measurements in the reactor, even when the Pollutant Concentration in the feed or the Pollutant itself changes and when the reaction is moving toward extinction. The results may be used for control purposes, thus avoiding expensive hardware sensors and time-consuming on-line measurements.
C Christof B Gromke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of local scale tree atmosphere interaction on Pollutant Concentration in idealized street canyons and application to a real urban junction
Atmospheric Environment, 2011Co-Authors: Riccardo Buccolieri, Silvana Di Sabatino, Salim Mohamed Salim, Laura S Leo, Andy Chan, P Ielpo, Gianluigi De Gennaro, C Christof B GromkeAbstract:Abstract This paper first discusses the aerodynamic effects of trees on local scale flow and Pollutant Concentration in idealized street canyon configurations by means of laboratory experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). These analyses are then used as a reference modelling study for the extension a the neighbourhood scale by investigating a real urban junction of a medium size city in southern Italy. A comparison with previous investigations shows that street-level Concentrations crucially depend on the wind direction and street canyon aspect ratio W/H (with W and H the width and the height of buildings, respectively) rather than on tree crown porosity and stand density. It is usually assumed in the literature that larger Concentrations are associated with perpendicular approaching wind. In this study, we demonstrate that while for tree-free street canyons under inclined wind directions the larger the aspect ratio the lower the street-level Concentration, in presence of trees the expected reduction of street-level Concentration with aspect ratio is less pronounced. Observations made for the idealized street canyons are re-interpreted in real case scenario focusing on the neighbourhood scale in proximity of a complex urban junction formed by street canyons of similar aspect ratios as those investigated in the laboratory. The aim is to show the combined influence of building morphology and vegetation on flow and dispersion and to assess the effect of vegetation on local Concentration levels. To this aim, CFD simulations for two typical winter/spring days show that trees contribute to alter the local flow and act to trap Pollutants. This preliminary study indicates that failing to account for the presence of vegetation, as typically practiced in most operational dispersion models, would result in non-negligible errors in the predictions.
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aerodynamic effects of trees on Pollutant Concentration in street canyons
Science of The Total Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Riccardo Buccolieri, Silvana Di Sabatino, C Christof B Gromke, B RuckAbstract:Abstract This paper deals with aerodynamic effects of avenue-like tree planting on flow and traffic-originated Pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons by means of wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations. Several parameters affecting pedestrian level Concentration are investigated, namely plant morphology, positioning and arrangement. We extend our previous work in this novel aspect of research to new configurations which comprise tree planting of different crown porosity and stand density, planted in two rows within a canyon of street width to building height ratio W/H = 2 with perpendicular approaching wind. Sulfur hexafluoride was used as tracer gas to model the traffic emissions. Complementary to wind tunnel experiments, 3D numerical simulations were performed with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT™ using a Reynolds Stress turbulence closure for flow and the advection–diffusion method for Concentration calculations. In the presence of trees, both measurements and simulations showed considerable larger Pollutant Concentrations near the leeward wall and slightly lower Concentrations near the windward wall in comparison with the tree-less case. Tree stand density and crown porosity were found to be of minor importance in affecting Pollutant Concentration. On the other hand, the analysis indicated that W/H is a more crucial parameter. The larger the value of W/H the smaller is the effect of trees on pedestrian level Concentration regardless of tree morphology and arrangement. A preliminary analysis of approaching flow velocities showed that at low wind speed the effect of trees on Concentrations is worst than at higher speed. The investigations carried out in this work allowed us to set up an appropriate CFD modelling methodology for the study of the aerodynamic effects of tree planting in street canyons. The results obtained can be used by city planners for the design of tree planting in the urban environment with regard to air quality issues.
Silvana Di Sabatino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of local scale tree atmosphere interaction on Pollutant Concentration in idealized street canyons and application to a real urban junction
Atmospheric Environment, 2011Co-Authors: Riccardo Buccolieri, Silvana Di Sabatino, Salim Mohamed Salim, Laura S Leo, Andy Chan, P Ielpo, Gianluigi De Gennaro, C Christof B GromkeAbstract:Abstract This paper first discusses the aerodynamic effects of trees on local scale flow and Pollutant Concentration in idealized street canyon configurations by means of laboratory experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). These analyses are then used as a reference modelling study for the extension a the neighbourhood scale by investigating a real urban junction of a medium size city in southern Italy. A comparison with previous investigations shows that street-level Concentrations crucially depend on the wind direction and street canyon aspect ratio W/H (with W and H the width and the height of buildings, respectively) rather than on tree crown porosity and stand density. It is usually assumed in the literature that larger Concentrations are associated with perpendicular approaching wind. In this study, we demonstrate that while for tree-free street canyons under inclined wind directions the larger the aspect ratio the lower the street-level Concentration, in presence of trees the expected reduction of street-level Concentration with aspect ratio is less pronounced. Observations made for the idealized street canyons are re-interpreted in real case scenario focusing on the neighbourhood scale in proximity of a complex urban junction formed by street canyons of similar aspect ratios as those investigated in the laboratory. The aim is to show the combined influence of building morphology and vegetation on flow and dispersion and to assess the effect of vegetation on local Concentration levels. To this aim, CFD simulations for two typical winter/spring days show that trees contribute to alter the local flow and act to trap Pollutants. This preliminary study indicates that failing to account for the presence of vegetation, as typically practiced in most operational dispersion models, would result in non-negligible errors in the predictions.
-
city breathability and its link to Pollutant Concentration distribution within urban like geometries
Atmospheric Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Mats Sandberg, Riccardo Buccolieri, Silvana Di SabatinoAbstract:This paper is devoted to the study of Pollutant Concentration distribution within urban-like geometries. By applying efficiency concepts originally developed for indoor environments, the term venti ...
-
aerodynamic effects of trees on Pollutant Concentration in street canyons
Science of The Total Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Riccardo Buccolieri, Silvana Di Sabatino, C Christof B Gromke, B RuckAbstract:Abstract This paper deals with aerodynamic effects of avenue-like tree planting on flow and traffic-originated Pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons by means of wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations. Several parameters affecting pedestrian level Concentration are investigated, namely plant morphology, positioning and arrangement. We extend our previous work in this novel aspect of research to new configurations which comprise tree planting of different crown porosity and stand density, planted in two rows within a canyon of street width to building height ratio W/H = 2 with perpendicular approaching wind. Sulfur hexafluoride was used as tracer gas to model the traffic emissions. Complementary to wind tunnel experiments, 3D numerical simulations were performed with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT™ using a Reynolds Stress turbulence closure for flow and the advection–diffusion method for Concentration calculations. In the presence of trees, both measurements and simulations showed considerable larger Pollutant Concentrations near the leeward wall and slightly lower Concentrations near the windward wall in comparison with the tree-less case. Tree stand density and crown porosity were found to be of minor importance in affecting Pollutant Concentration. On the other hand, the analysis indicated that W/H is a more crucial parameter. The larger the value of W/H the smaller is the effect of trees on pedestrian level Concentration regardless of tree morphology and arrangement. A preliminary analysis of approaching flow velocities showed that at low wind speed the effect of trees on Concentrations is worst than at higher speed. The investigations carried out in this work allowed us to set up an appropriate CFD modelling methodology for the study of the aerodynamic effects of tree planting in street canyons. The results obtained can be used by city planners for the design of tree planting in the urban environment with regard to air quality issues.