The Experts below are selected from a list of 135 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Melitta Schachner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin: expression in the developing chick retinotectal system and substrate properties for retinal ganglion cell neurites in vitro.
The European journal of neuroscience, 1995Co-Authors: Susanne Bartsch, Melitta Schachner, Knut Husmann, Udo BartschAbstract:To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the outgrowth of retinal ganglion cell axons in the tectum, the expression of the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin was analysed in the tectum and retina of chickens by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Tissue was analysed between embryonic days 4 and 12, just before and during the period when retinal ganglion cell axons innervate their target region, the optic tectum. In the tectum, tenascin immunoreactivity becomes detectable at the anterior pole at embryonic day 4, 2 days before retinal ganglion cell axons arrive, and spreads caudally with increasing age. At early stages, tenascin is predominantly accumulated in the stratum opticum, the zone of ingrowing retinal ganglion cell axons, and along their prospective pathway. In the stratum opticum, the molecule is associated with radial glial fibres, glial endfeet and retinal ganglion cell axons located in the immediate neighbourhood of radial glial fibres. At all ages investigated, tenascin mRNA is mainly restricted to cells located in the periventricular region, suggesting that the molecule is synthesized by radial glial cells. In the retina, tenascin is expressed by amacrine, displaced amacrine and horizontal cells but not by retinal ganglion cells. To investigate whether the accumulation of tenascin in the developing and prospective pathway of retinal ganglion cell axons may affect their rate of growth we assayed the substrate properties of tenascin for retinal ganglion cell neurites in vitro. When retinal ganglion cell suspensions from 6-day-old chick embryos were maintained on homogeneous mouse or chick tenascin/Polyornithine substrates, neurite length was significantly increased when compared to Polyornithine substrates at coating concentrations of 10 or 20 micrograms/ml. Higher coating concentrations (35 or 70 micrograms/ml) resulted in neurite lengths comparable to control values. Together, these observations suggest that tenascin in the developing and prospective stratum opticum might serve as a performed pathway to support growth of retinal ganglion cell axons in the tectum.
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Tenascin demarcates the boundary between the myelinated and nonmyelinated part of retinal ganglion cell axons in the developing and adult mouse.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1994Co-Authors: Udo Bartsch, Andreas Faissner, J Trotter, U Dorries, S Bartsch, H. Mohajeri, Melitta SchachnerAbstract:The molecular determinants controlling the topographically restricted distribution of neural cells in the mammalian CNS are largely unknown. In the mouse, myelin-forming oligodendrocytes are differentially distributed along retinal ganglion cell axons. These axons are myelin free intraretinally and in the most proximal (i.e., retinal) part of the optic nerve, but become myelinated in the distal (i.e., chiasmal) part of the optic nerve. Tenascin protein and mRNA are detectable in increased amounts at the retinal end of the developing optic nerve before the arrival of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and are restricted to this region in the adult optic nerve. Tenascin is a nonadhesive substrate for oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells in vitro when offered as a substrate in choice with Polyornithine. These observations suggest that tenascin is critical for the establishment and maintenance of the restricted distribution of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes along retinal ganglion cell axons of the mouse.
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the extracellular matrix molecule janusin regulates neuronal morphology in a substrate and culture time dependent manner
European Journal of Neuroscience, 1994Co-Authors: Andre Lochter, J Taylor, Babette Fuss, Melitta SchachnerAbstract:Janusin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with structural homology to tenascin. In search of extracellular matrix components which govern the differentiation of neurons in the central nervous system, we have investigated the influence of janusin on the differentiation of hippocampal neurons in vitro. Janusin coated onto nitrocellulose was a good substrate for attachment of cell bodies and neurite outgrowth after 21 h of culture. Most cells exhibited a polarized morphology with one long major neurite and one or two short minor neurites. When janusin was coated onto a Polyornithine-conditioned plastic surface, it increased the polarity of neurons in that the length of major neurites was increased and the length and number of minor neurites were decreased when compared with the control Polyornithine-conditioned plastic without janusin. As we have shown before for tenascin, laminin and fibronectin, polarization was preceded by an increase in the number and length of all neurites during the first hours after cell plating. This study therefore adds janusin to the increasing number of extracellular matrix glycoproteins which promote axonal but not dendritic growth.
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The Extracellular Matrix Molecule Janusin Regulates Neuronal Morphology in a Substrate‐ and Culture Time‐dependent Manner
The European journal of neuroscience, 1994Co-Authors: Andre Lochter, J Taylor, Babette Fuss, Melitta SchachnerAbstract:Janusin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with structural homology to tenascin. In search of extracellular matrix components which govern the differentiation of neurons in the central nervous system, we have investigated the influence of janusin on the differentiation of hippocampal neurons in vitro. Janusin coated onto nitrocellulose was a good substrate for attachment of cell bodies and neurite outgrowth after 21 h of culture. Most cells exhibited a polarized morphology with one long major neurite and one or two short minor neurites. When janusin was coated onto a Polyornithine-conditioned plastic surface, it increased the polarity of neurons in that the length of major neurites was increased and the length and number of minor neurites were decreased when compared with the control Polyornithine-conditioned plastic without janusin. As we have shown before for tenascin, laminin and fibronectin, polarization was preceded by an increase in the number and length of all neurites during the first hours after cell plating. This study therefore adds janusin to the increasing number of extracellular matrix glycoproteins which promote axonal but not dendritic growth.
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Tenascin and extracellular matrix glycoproteins: from promotion to polarization of neurite growth in vitro
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1993Co-Authors: A Lochter, Melitta SchachnerAbstract:The extracellular matrix molecules tenascin, laminin, and fibronectin, the cell adhesion molecule L1, and the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) were tested for their effects on neuritogenesis in cultures of hippocampal neurons. We analyzed neurite outgrowth between 3 and 21 hr after plating and found that, on Polyornithine as control substrate, lengths of axon-like major neurites and dendrite-like minor neurites increased continuously with time in culture. Moreover, growth of minor neurites was faster than growth of major neurites. When the extracellular matrix molecules tenascin, laminin, and fibronectin were coated on Polyornithine substrates, growth of all neurites was faster than on control substrates during the first hours of culture. After this initial phase of enhanced neurite outgrowth, elongation of major neurites continued at a higher rate than on the control substrate and growth of minor neurites ceased after 12 hr. Correspondingly, neuronal polarity was strongly increased on the extracellular matrix substrates during later phases of culture. In contrast, lengths of both major and minor neurites were increased over control values on L1 and ConA substrates at all time points investigated. Thus, neuronal polarity was similar for control, L1, and ConA substrates. Spreading of neuronal cell bodies was reduced by about 50% on tenascin, laminin, and fibronectin and by less than 20% on L1 and ConA substrates after 21 hr of culture, when compared to the control substrate. Neuron-to-substrate adhesion was reduced on all three extracellular matrix substrates but not affected on L1 or ConA substrates, after 3 and 21 hr of culture. These observations indicate that induction of neuronal polarity is not a general feature of neurite outgrowth-promoting molecules, such as L1 or ConA, but a distinctive property of the three extracellular matrix glycoproteins studied, and may suggest that enhancement of polarity is correlated with decreased strength of adhesion.
Christopher G. Thanos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formulating the alginate Polyornithine biocapsule for prolonged stability evaluation of composition and manufacturing technique
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, G Basta, B.e. Bintz, Riccardo Calafiore, W.j. Bell, J. Hudak, Alfred V. Vasconcellos, P. Schneider, Steve J. M. Skinner, Marilyn S. GeaneyAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is one of the most widely used techniques for introducing cell-based therapeutics into the body. Numerous encapsulation methodologies exist, utilizing a variety of alginates, purification technologies, and unique polycationic membrane components. The stability of a conventional alginate formulation encapsulated using a commercially available technique and apparatus has been characterized extensively. The current study employs an encapsulation protocol and ultra-pure alginate pioneered at the University of Perugia. The enhanced microcapsules were produced, characterized, and implanted into the brain, peritoneal cavity, and subcutaneous space of Long-Evans rats. After 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 or 215 days, capsules were explanted and the surface was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Image analysis was carried out to measure changes in diameter and wall thickness. FTIR peak analysis and surface morphology from SEM indicated that the enhanced encapsulation technique and formulation produced a stable biocapsule capable of survival in all sites, including the harsh peritoneal environment, for at least 215 days. Preimplant analysis showed a marked increase in the structural integrity of the enhanced formulation with improved elasticity and burst strength compared with the baseline formulation, which remained stable for less than 60 days. The enhanced microcapsule composition showed advantages in physical strength and longevity, indicating that small changes in encapsulation methodologies and materials selection can dramatically impact the stability and longevity of alginate microcapsules and their contents.
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stability of alginate Polyornithine microcapsules is profoundly dependent on the site of transplantation
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, B.e. Bintz, Dwaine F. EmerichAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is a form of cell-based therapy with numerous preclinical successes but recalcitrant complications related to stability and reproducibility. Understanding how alginate stability varies across different transplant sites will help identify indications that might benefit most from this approach. Alginate stability has been quantified in the peritoneum, but there are no systematic studies comparing its relative stability across transplant sites. This study compares the stability of alginate-polycation microcapsules implanted in the peritoneum to those implanted in the brain and subcutaneous space at 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days in-life. Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface of explanted capsules was analyzed for the relative proportion of alginate (outer coat) and the polycationic Polyornithine (middle coat). Using a mathematic relationship between FTIR peaks related to these two material components, an index was generated to compare the stability of four different alginates. A notable difference was observed with rapid breakdown in the peritoneum. Conversely, identical alginate capsules transplanted into the brain or subcutaneous space were stable for the 6 month study. These data suggest that (1) successful intraperitoneal transplantation requires modifications of the capsule configuration, the host environment, or both and (2) that sites such as the brain and subcutaneous space are inherently less hostile to conventional alginate capsule configurations.
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Stability of alginate‐Polyornithine microcapsules is profoundly dependent on the site of transplantation
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, B.e. Bintz, Dwaine F. EmerichAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is a form of cell-based therapy with numerous preclinical successes but recalcitrant complications related to stability and reproducibility. Understanding how alginate stability varies across different transplant sites will help identify indications that might benefit most from this approach. Alginate stability has been quantified in the peritoneum, but there are no systematic studies comparing its relative stability across transplant sites. This study compares the stability of alginate-polycation microcapsules implanted in the peritoneum to those implanted in the brain and subcutaneous space at 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days in-life. Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface of explanted capsules was analyzed for the relative proportion of alginate (outer coat) and the polycationic Polyornithine (middle coat). Using a mathematic relationship between FTIR peaks related to these two material components, an index was generated to compare the stability of four different alginates. A notable difference was observed with rapid breakdown in the peritoneum. Conversely, identical alginate capsules transplanted into the brain or subcutaneous space were stable for the 6 month study. These data suggest that (1) successful intraperitoneal transplantation requires modifications of the capsule configuration, the host environment, or both and (2) that sites such as the brain and subcutaneous space are inherently less hostile to conventional alginate capsule configurations.
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Formulating the alginate–Polyornithine biocapsule for prolonged stability: Evaluation of composition and manufacturing technique
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, G Basta, B.e. Bintz, Riccardo Calafiore, W.j. Bell, J. Hudak, Alfred V. Vasconcellos, P. Schneider, Steve J. M. Skinner, Marilyn S. GeaneyAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is one of the most widely used techniques for introducing cell-based therapeutics into the body. Numerous encapsulation methodologies exist, utilizing a variety of alginates, purification technologies, and unique polycationic membrane components. The stability of a conventional alginate formulation encapsulated using a commercially available technique and apparatus has been characterized extensively. The current study employs an encapsulation protocol and ultra-pure alginate pioneered at the University of Perugia. The enhanced microcapsules were produced, characterized, and implanted into the brain, peritoneal cavity, and subcutaneous space of Long-Evans rats. After 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 or 215 days, capsules were explanted and the surface was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Image analysis was carried out to measure changes in diameter and wall thickness. FTIR peak analysis and surface morphology from SEM indicated that the enhanced encapsulation technique and formulation produced a stable biocapsule capable of survival in all sites, including the harsh peritoneal environment, for at least 215 days. Preimplant analysis showed a marked increase in the structural integrity of the enhanced formulation with improved elasticity and burst strength compared with the baseline formulation, which remained stable for less than 60 days. The enhanced microcapsule composition showed advantages in physical strength and longevity, indicating that small changes in encapsulation methodologies and materials selection can dramatically impact the stability and longevity of alginate microcapsules and their contents.
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Intraperitoneal stability of alginate-Polyornithine microcapsules in rats: an FTIR and SEM analysis.
Biomaterials, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, Briannan Bintz, William J. Bell, Haitao Qian, Patricia Schneider, Daniel H. Macarthur, Dwaine F. EmerichAbstract:Alginate-polycation microcapsule systems have been used over decades as delivery vehicles for cell and protein therapy. These systems have been unpredictable across a range of indications with questions resulting around the inherent stability of the alginate polysaccharide and failure mode of the delivery system. The current study focuses on such a system using 5 different alginates, 2 of which are commercially purified, which are crosslinked by Polyornithine. Capsules formed by frequency-generated droplet formation were studied in the peritoneal cavity of Long-Evans rats over the course of 3 months by morphometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy of the surface. Individual capsule components were also investigated on FTIR and a relative stability index was generated by titration for comparison to explanted samples over time. Using these techniques, a distinct degradation pattern was noted and is compared between the 5 alginate sources.
Dwaine F. Emerich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stability of alginate Polyornithine microcapsules is profoundly dependent on the site of transplantation
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, B.e. Bintz, Dwaine F. EmerichAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is a form of cell-based therapy with numerous preclinical successes but recalcitrant complications related to stability and reproducibility. Understanding how alginate stability varies across different transplant sites will help identify indications that might benefit most from this approach. Alginate stability has been quantified in the peritoneum, but there are no systematic studies comparing its relative stability across transplant sites. This study compares the stability of alginate-polycation microcapsules implanted in the peritoneum to those implanted in the brain and subcutaneous space at 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days in-life. Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface of explanted capsules was analyzed for the relative proportion of alginate (outer coat) and the polycationic Polyornithine (middle coat). Using a mathematic relationship between FTIR peaks related to these two material components, an index was generated to compare the stability of four different alginates. A notable difference was observed with rapid breakdown in the peritoneum. Conversely, identical alginate capsules transplanted into the brain or subcutaneous space were stable for the 6 month study. These data suggest that (1) successful intraperitoneal transplantation requires modifications of the capsule configuration, the host environment, or both and (2) that sites such as the brain and subcutaneous space are inherently less hostile to conventional alginate capsule configurations.
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Stability of alginate‐Polyornithine microcapsules is profoundly dependent on the site of transplantation
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, B.e. Bintz, Dwaine F. EmerichAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is a form of cell-based therapy with numerous preclinical successes but recalcitrant complications related to stability and reproducibility. Understanding how alginate stability varies across different transplant sites will help identify indications that might benefit most from this approach. Alginate stability has been quantified in the peritoneum, but there are no systematic studies comparing its relative stability across transplant sites. This study compares the stability of alginate-polycation microcapsules implanted in the peritoneum to those implanted in the brain and subcutaneous space at 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days in-life. Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface of explanted capsules was analyzed for the relative proportion of alginate (outer coat) and the polycationic Polyornithine (middle coat). Using a mathematic relationship between FTIR peaks related to these two material components, an index was generated to compare the stability of four different alginates. A notable difference was observed with rapid breakdown in the peritoneum. Conversely, identical alginate capsules transplanted into the brain or subcutaneous space were stable for the 6 month study. These data suggest that (1) successful intraperitoneal transplantation requires modifications of the capsule configuration, the host environment, or both and (2) that sites such as the brain and subcutaneous space are inherently less hostile to conventional alginate capsule configurations.
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Intraperitoneal stability of alginate-Polyornithine microcapsules in rats: an FTIR and SEM analysis.
Biomaterials, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, Briannan Bintz, William J. Bell, Haitao Qian, Patricia Schneider, Daniel H. Macarthur, Dwaine F. EmerichAbstract:Alginate-polycation microcapsule systems have been used over decades as delivery vehicles for cell and protein therapy. These systems have been unpredictable across a range of indications with questions resulting around the inherent stability of the alginate polysaccharide and failure mode of the delivery system. The current study focuses on such a system using 5 different alginates, 2 of which are commercially purified, which are crosslinked by Polyornithine. Capsules formed by frequency-generated droplet formation were studied in the peritoneal cavity of Long-Evans rats over the course of 3 months by morphometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy of the surface. Individual capsule components were also investigated on FTIR and a relative stability index was generated by titration for comparison to explanted samples over time. Using these techniques, a distinct degradation pattern was noted and is compared between the 5 alginate sources.
B.e. Bintz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formulating the alginate Polyornithine biocapsule for prolonged stability evaluation of composition and manufacturing technique
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, G Basta, B.e. Bintz, Riccardo Calafiore, W.j. Bell, J. Hudak, Alfred V. Vasconcellos, P. Schneider, Steve J. M. Skinner, Marilyn S. GeaneyAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is one of the most widely used techniques for introducing cell-based therapeutics into the body. Numerous encapsulation methodologies exist, utilizing a variety of alginates, purification technologies, and unique polycationic membrane components. The stability of a conventional alginate formulation encapsulated using a commercially available technique and apparatus has been characterized extensively. The current study employs an encapsulation protocol and ultra-pure alginate pioneered at the University of Perugia. The enhanced microcapsules were produced, characterized, and implanted into the brain, peritoneal cavity, and subcutaneous space of Long-Evans rats. After 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 or 215 days, capsules were explanted and the surface was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Image analysis was carried out to measure changes in diameter and wall thickness. FTIR peak analysis and surface morphology from SEM indicated that the enhanced encapsulation technique and formulation produced a stable biocapsule capable of survival in all sites, including the harsh peritoneal environment, for at least 215 days. Preimplant analysis showed a marked increase in the structural integrity of the enhanced formulation with improved elasticity and burst strength compared with the baseline formulation, which remained stable for less than 60 days. The enhanced microcapsule composition showed advantages in physical strength and longevity, indicating that small changes in encapsulation methodologies and materials selection can dramatically impact the stability and longevity of alginate microcapsules and their contents.
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stability of alginate Polyornithine microcapsules is profoundly dependent on the site of transplantation
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, B.e. Bintz, Dwaine F. EmerichAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is a form of cell-based therapy with numerous preclinical successes but recalcitrant complications related to stability and reproducibility. Understanding how alginate stability varies across different transplant sites will help identify indications that might benefit most from this approach. Alginate stability has been quantified in the peritoneum, but there are no systematic studies comparing its relative stability across transplant sites. This study compares the stability of alginate-polycation microcapsules implanted in the peritoneum to those implanted in the brain and subcutaneous space at 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days in-life. Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface of explanted capsules was analyzed for the relative proportion of alginate (outer coat) and the polycationic Polyornithine (middle coat). Using a mathematic relationship between FTIR peaks related to these two material components, an index was generated to compare the stability of four different alginates. A notable difference was observed with rapid breakdown in the peritoneum. Conversely, identical alginate capsules transplanted into the brain or subcutaneous space were stable for the 6 month study. These data suggest that (1) successful intraperitoneal transplantation requires modifications of the capsule configuration, the host environment, or both and (2) that sites such as the brain and subcutaneous space are inherently less hostile to conventional alginate capsule configurations.
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Stability of alginate‐Polyornithine microcapsules is profoundly dependent on the site of transplantation
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, B.e. Bintz, Dwaine F. EmerichAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is a form of cell-based therapy with numerous preclinical successes but recalcitrant complications related to stability and reproducibility. Understanding how alginate stability varies across different transplant sites will help identify indications that might benefit most from this approach. Alginate stability has been quantified in the peritoneum, but there are no systematic studies comparing its relative stability across transplant sites. This study compares the stability of alginate-polycation microcapsules implanted in the peritoneum to those implanted in the brain and subcutaneous space at 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days in-life. Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface of explanted capsules was analyzed for the relative proportion of alginate (outer coat) and the polycationic Polyornithine (middle coat). Using a mathematic relationship between FTIR peaks related to these two material components, an index was generated to compare the stability of four different alginates. A notable difference was observed with rapid breakdown in the peritoneum. Conversely, identical alginate capsules transplanted into the brain or subcutaneous space were stable for the 6 month study. These data suggest that (1) successful intraperitoneal transplantation requires modifications of the capsule configuration, the host environment, or both and (2) that sites such as the brain and subcutaneous space are inherently less hostile to conventional alginate capsule configurations.
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Formulating the alginate–Polyornithine biocapsule for prolonged stability: Evaluation of composition and manufacturing technique
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher G. Thanos, G Basta, B.e. Bintz, Riccardo Calafiore, W.j. Bell, J. Hudak, Alfred V. Vasconcellos, P. Schneider, Steve J. M. Skinner, Marilyn S. GeaneyAbstract:Alginate encapsulation is one of the most widely used techniques for introducing cell-based therapeutics into the body. Numerous encapsulation methodologies exist, utilizing a variety of alginates, purification technologies, and unique polycationic membrane components. The stability of a conventional alginate formulation encapsulated using a commercially available technique and apparatus has been characterized extensively. The current study employs an encapsulation protocol and ultra-pure alginate pioneered at the University of Perugia. The enhanced microcapsules were produced, characterized, and implanted into the brain, peritoneal cavity, and subcutaneous space of Long-Evans rats. After 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 or 215 days, capsules were explanted and the surface was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Image analysis was carried out to measure changes in diameter and wall thickness. FTIR peak analysis and surface morphology from SEM indicated that the enhanced encapsulation technique and formulation produced a stable biocapsule capable of survival in all sites, including the harsh peritoneal environment, for at least 215 days. Preimplant analysis showed a marked increase in the structural integrity of the enhanced formulation with improved elasticity and burst strength compared with the baseline formulation, which remained stable for less than 60 days. The enhanced microcapsule composition showed advantages in physical strength and longevity, indicating that small changes in encapsulation methodologies and materials selection can dramatically impact the stability and longevity of alginate microcapsules and their contents.
Carlos Vicario-abejón - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current Protocols in Neuroscience - Long-Term Culture of Hippocampal Neurons
Current Protocols in Neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos Vicario-abejónAbstract:In culture, hippocampal cells can develop to express neuronal antigens and acquire mature neuronal morphologies, including axons, complex dendritic trees, and synapses that are electrophysiologically active. This system is suitable for studying neuronal differentiation and other events, such as synaptogenesis. It is also a valuable model for investigating synaptic plasticity and exploring the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration. This unit provides a protocol for culturing neurons prepared from embryonic (E-18) rat or mouse hippocampus, but could also be used to grow neurons from embryonic cortex, olfactory bulb, striatum, or spinal cord. A second method is included for preparing neuronal cultures from embryos with different genotypes, such as those from transgenic mice. Also described is the preparation of Polyornithine- and fibronectin-coated coverslips, which are highly adhesive and promote neurite outgrowth, for use in the culture protocols.
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Long-term culture of hippocampal neurons.
Current protocols in neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos Vicario-abejónAbstract:In culture, hippocampal cells can develop to express neuronal antigens and acquire mature neuronal morphologies, including axons, complex dendritic trees, and synapses that are electrophysiologically active. This system is suitable for studying neuronal differentiation and other events, such as synaptogenesis. It is also a valuable model for investigating synaptic plasticity and exploring the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration. This unit provides a protocol for culturing neurons prepared from embryonic (E-18) rat or mouse hippocampus, but could also be used to grow neurons from embryonic cortex, olfactory bulb, striatum, or spinal cord. A second method is included for preparing neuronal cultures from embryos with different genotypes, such as those from transgenic mice. Also described is the preparation of Polyornithine- and fibronectin-coated coverslips, which are highly adhesive and promote neurite outgrowth, for use in the culture protocols.