The Experts below are selected from a list of 2409 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kathleen D. Mccarthy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from government to grass roots reform the ford foundation s Population Programmes in south asia 1959 1981
Voluntas, 1995Co-Authors: Kathleen D. MccarthyAbstract:This article traces the history of Ford's involvement in Population work in South Asia from the 1950s to the mid-1980s. The primary focus is on the transition from large-scale technical assistance Programmes rooted in government and academe, to work with grass-roots women's groups and community-based non-governmental organisations (NGOs). In the process, the Foundation also moved from quantitative efforts designed primarily to distribute contraceptives, to a more holistic approach focusing on maternal and child health. The article concludes by relating these trends to a larger shift from a belief in the power of ‘disinterested expertise’ and university-based policymaking that marked the efforts of the major American foundations since the Progressive era, to a new emphasis on ‘self-interested expertise’ and grass-roots social activist and development NGOs that emerged in the 1970s. Changing development paradigms, political trends and a growing disillusionment with large-scale technical assistance all contributed to this transition.
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From government to grass-roots reform: the Ford Foundation's Population Programmes in South Asia, 1959–1981
Voluntas, 1995Co-Authors: Kathleen D. MccarthyAbstract:This article traces the history of Ford's involvement in Population work in South Asia from the 1950s to the mid-1980s. The primary focus is on the transition from large-scale technical assistance Programmes rooted in government and academe, to work with grass-roots women's groups and community-based non-governmental organisations (NGOs). In the process, the Foundation also moved from quantitative efforts designed primarily to distribute contraceptives, to a more holistic approach focusing on maternal and child health. The article concludes by relating these trends to a larger shift from a belief in the power of ‘disinterested expertise’ and university-based policymaking that marked the efforts of the major American foundations since the Progressive era, to a new emphasis on ‘self-interested expertise’ and grass-roots social activist and development NGOs that emerged in the 1970s. Changing development paradigms, political trends and a growing disillusionment with large-scale technical assistance all contributed to this transition.
N J Wareham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Screening for coeliac disease: what evidence is required before Population Programmes could be considered?
Archives of disease in childhood, 2004Co-Authors: E H Young, N J WarehamAbstract:Commentary on the paper by Tommasini et al In the traditional doctor-patient consultation, the patient initiates a visit and the physician’s imperative is to respond to the best of his or her ability. However, in a screening programme, the initiation comes from health professionals, and many commentators have argued that this poses different ethical challenges.1 In particular it is argued that the level of evidence concerning the balance of overall benefit and harm from the screening programme must be much greater than that for a traditional therapeutic intervention. Although screening may intuitively be logical for a particular condition which is prevalent and detectable in the preclinical stage, intuition is not an appropriate basis for commencing a screening programme. A number of criteria have been described that allow the evidence for screening Programmes to be more formally evaluated.2 Calls are regularly made for the introduction of Population screening Programmes, such as that for coeliac disease (CD) in the paper by Alberto et al in this issue.3 These screening criteria form the basis for evaluating the strength of the evidence supporting that call. They also highlight key uncertainties, which could be the subject of future research. This process has been undertaken for screening for type 2 diabetes in adults,4 and the history of the debate on …
Ayesha Khan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Policy-making in Pakistan's Population programme
Health Policy and Planning, 1996Co-Authors: Ayesha KhanAbstract:Pakistan launched one of the first Population control Programmes in the 1950s, yet has lagged far behind other countries in effectively implementing or developing its understanding of Population Programmes. This paper explores the policy-making process which shaped the programme in Pakistan in terms of the political considerations of the various military and civilian regimes, the role of religion in politics, the influences of Western donors (particularly USAID), and the effect of international development ideology. The resulting instability of the Population Programmes is analyzed in terms of: a) the rivalry between the separate Population and health Programmes within government; b) the politically charged problem of over-centralized federal control over Population; c) the unresolved and uneasy working relationship between government and non-government organizations. The paper concludes that the conflicts in these areas are directly related to the larger policy context in which they have evolved, and without addressing the latter, the Population programme will remain victim to deep-rooted structural problems.
E H Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Screening for coeliac disease: what evidence is required before Population Programmes could be considered?
Archives of disease in childhood, 2004Co-Authors: E H Young, N J WarehamAbstract:Commentary on the paper by Tommasini et al In the traditional doctor-patient consultation, the patient initiates a visit and the physician’s imperative is to respond to the best of his or her ability. However, in a screening programme, the initiation comes from health professionals, and many commentators have argued that this poses different ethical challenges.1 In particular it is argued that the level of evidence concerning the balance of overall benefit and harm from the screening programme must be much greater than that for a traditional therapeutic intervention. Although screening may intuitively be logical for a particular condition which is prevalent and detectable in the preclinical stage, intuition is not an appropriate basis for commencing a screening programme. A number of criteria have been described that allow the evidence for screening Programmes to be more formally evaluated.2 Calls are regularly made for the introduction of Population screening Programmes, such as that for coeliac disease (CD) in the paper by Alberto et al in this issue.3 These screening criteria form the basis for evaluating the strength of the evidence supporting that call. They also highlight key uncertainties, which could be the subject of future research. This process has been undertaken for screening for type 2 diabetes in adults,4 and the history of the debate on …
Durre Nayab - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Analysis of Reproductive Health Issues in Pakistan
The Pakistan Development Review, 2000Co-Authors: Naushin Mahmood, Durre NayabAbstract:Population Programmes in many developing countries have emphasised on family planning services driven largely by numbers and demographic targets. With the advent of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in 1994, it has been recognised to move beyond a narrow focus on family planning to a more comprehensive concern of reproductive health oriented towards meeting the needs of individuals and families. This advocated shift in Population and development strategy, especially in health emphasises that services be offered to women, men and adolescents with a special focus on fulfilling women’s health needs, safeguarding their reproductive rights and involving men as equal partners in meeting the goal of responsible parenthood [United Nations (1995)]. In response to ICPD’s mandate, Pakistan’s Population programme has increasingly been focussed on various aspects of reproductive health and is in the process of broadening the scope of services for a transition to reproductive health without losing focus on achieving fertility reduction goal. In this regard, the government has adopted a comprehensive Population and development policy incorporating an array of reproductive health services and has integrated Population and health departments and their activities in dealing with RH problems. Under the consideration that the revised programme can not simultaneously address all of the RH problems, an integrated National Reproductive Health Services Package has been developed to provide services to eligible women, men and adolescents [Pakistan (1999)]. The major components of RH package include:
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An Analysis of Reproductive Health Issues in Pakistan
The Pakistan Development Review, 2000Co-Authors: Naushin Mahmood, Durre NayabAbstract:Population Programmes in many developing countries have emphasised on family planning services driven largely by numbers and demographic targets. With the advent of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in 1994, it has been recognised to move beyond a narrow focus on family planning to a more comprehensive concern of reproductive health oriented towards meeting the needs of individuals and families. This advocated shift in Population and development strategy, especially in health emphasises that services be offered to women, men and adolescents with a special focus on fulfilling women’s health needs, safeguarding their reproductive rights and involving men as equal partners in meeting the goal of responsible parenthood [United Nations (1995)]. In response to ICPD’s mandate, Pakistan’s Population programme has increasingly been focussed on various aspects of reproductive health and is in the process of broadening the scope of services for a transition to reproductive health without losing focus on achieving fertility reduction goal. In this regard, the government has adopted a comprehensive Population and development policy incorporating an array of reproductive health services and has integrated Population and health departments and their activities in dealing with RH problems.