The Experts below are selected from a list of 117 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Luis Eugenio Andrade - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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darwin o el conflicto aparente entre la teoria de la seleccion natural y la hipotesis de la pangenesis
Acta biológica colombiana, 2009Co-Authors: Luis Eugenio AndradeAbstract:RESUMEN Tendiendo como objetivo buscar una compresion mas integral de la obra de Darwin, presento una reflexion sobre el desarrollo de sus ideas, resaltando las influencias que la vision mecanica de la naturaleza por un lado y el lamarckismo y las teorias recapitulacionistas por el otro, ejercieron sobre el. Se destaca la originalidad de su propuesta de teoria de la seleccion natural surgida por comparacion con el cruce dirigido y fundamentada en una interpretacion de la naturaleza como sistema economico donde se aplica la ley de poblacion de Malthus. Sin embargo, quiero relatar que su preocupacion por el estudio de las leyes de la variacion lo llevo a matizar varias situaciones donde muestra la dificultad de explicar la influencia del medio ambiente en la variacion evolutiva. En este contexto se comprende la importancia historica que tiene su fallida presentacion de la hipotesis de la pangenesis. Para concluir sostengo que a pesar de que el concepto de evolucion por seleccion natural funciona bien cuando consideramos que las variaciones individuales son producto del azar, esto no fue excusa para Darwin, ni debe serlo hoy en dia para nosotros, para continuar con su intento obstinado de investigar el verdadero papel de las influencias del medio ambiente en la produccion de las variaciones evolutivas. ABSTRACT In order to provide a more integral view of Darwin`s work, I present the development of his ideas, showing the influence of the mechanical view of nature on one hand, and the Lamarckian recapitulationism on the other. The originality of the Theory of evolution by natural selection is highlighted, while showing its connection with the analogy with breeders directed crosses and its theoretical justification inspired in Mathus Population Theory. However, it is explained how Darwin`s concern about the problem of the origin of evolutionary variations led him to consider the role of the environment in the production of variants. In this context it is explained the historical importance of his ill-fated hypothesis of pangenesis. To conclude, it is shown that though the concept of evolution by natural selection works when it is assumed the randomness of individual variations, this fact cannot prevent us from continuing his stubborn search about the environmental influences on the production of evolutionary variations.
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Darwin ò el conflicto aparente entre la teoría de la selección natural y la hipótesis de la pangénesis
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2009Co-Authors: Luis Eugenio AndradeAbstract:RESUMEN Tendiendo como objetivo buscar una compresión más integral de la obra de Darwin, presento una reflexión sobre el desarrollo de sus ideas, resaltando las influencias que la visión mecánica de la naturaleza por un lado y el lamarckismo y las teorías recapitulacionistas por el otro, ejercieron sobre él. Se destaca la originalidad de su propuesta de teoría de la selección natural surgida por comparación con el cruce dirigido y fundamentada en una interpretación de la naturaleza como sistema económico donde se aplica la ley de población de Malthus. Sin embargo, quiero relatar que su preocupación por el estudio de las leyes de la variación lo llevo a matizar varias situaciones donde muestra la dificultad de explicar la influencia del medio ambiente en la variación evolutiva. En este contexto se comprende la importancia histórica que tiene su fallida presentación de la hipótesis de la pangénesis. Para concluir sostengo que a pesar de que el concepto de evolución por selección natural funciona bien cuando consideramos que las variaciones individuales son producto del azar, esto no fue excusa para Darwin, ni debe serlo hoy en dia para nosotros, para continuar con su intento obstinado de investigar el verdadero papel de las influencias del medio ambiente en la producción de las variaciones evolutivas. ABSTRACT In order to provide a more integral view of Darwin`s work, I present the development of his ideas, showing the influence of the mechanical view of nature on one hand, and the Lamarckian recapitulationism on the other. The originality of the Theory of evolution by natural selection is highlighted, while showing its connection with the analogy with breeders directed crosses and its theoretical justification inspired in Mathus Population Theory. However, it is explained how Darwin`s concern about the problem of the origin of evolutionary variations led him to consider the role of the environment in the production of variants. In this context it is explained the historical importance of his ill-fated hypothesis of pangenesis. To conclude, it is shown that though the concept of evolution by natural selection works when it is assumed the randomness of individual variations, this fact cannot prevent us from continuing his stubborn search about the environmental influences on the production of evolutionary variations
Eugenio Andrade Perez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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darwin o el falso conflicto entre la teoria de la seleccion natural y la hipotesis de la pangenesis
Acta Biológica Colombiana, 2009Co-Authors: Eugenio Andrade PerezAbstract:In order to provide a more integral view of Darwins work, I present the development of his ideas, showing the influence of the mechanical view of nature on one hand, and the Lamarckian recapitulationism on the other. The originality of the Theory of evolution by natural selection is highlighted, while showing its connection with the analogy with breeders directed crosses and its theoretical justification inspired in Mathus Population Theory. However, it is explained how Darwins concern with the problem of the origin of evolutionary variations led him to consider the role of the environment in the production of variants. In this context it is explained the historical importance of his ill-fated hypothesis of pangenesis. To conclude, it is shown that though the concept of evolution by natural selection assumes the randomness of individual variations, Darwin nevertheless pursued his stubborn search for the laws of variations that he believed to have accounted for with this hypothesis.
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DARWIN O EL FALSO CONFLICTO ENTRE LA TEORÍA DE LA SELECCIÓN NATURAL Y LA HIPÓTESIS DE LA PANGÉNESIS Darwin or the False Conflict Between the Theory of Natural Selection and the Hypotheses Pangenesis
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1Co-Authors: Eugenio Andrade PerezAbstract:Teniendo como objetivo buscar una compresión más integral de la obra de Darwin, presento una reflexión sobre el desarrollo de sus ideas, resaltando las influencias que la visión mecánica de la naturaleza, el lamarckismo y las teorías recapitulacionistas alemanas, ejercieron sobre él. Se destaca la originalidad de la teoría de la selección natural surgida por comparación con el cruce dirigido y fundamentada en una interpretación de la naturaleza como sistema económico donde se aplica la ley de población de Malthus. Sin embargo, la preocupación de Darwin por el origen de la variación lo llevó a considerar el carácter complejo de este problema y en particular, lo relacionado con la influencia del medio ambiente en la variación evolutiva. En este contexto se destaca la importancia histórica que tiene su fallida presentación de la hipótesis de la pangénesis. Para concluir se muestra que a pesar de que el concepto de evolución por selección natural presupone la existencia de variaciones individuales azarosas, Darwin continuó con su intento obstinado de encontrar las leyes de la variación, las cuales creyó haber explicado mediante esta hipótesis.In order to provide a more integral view of Darwin’s work, I present the development of his ideas, showing the influence of the mechanical view of nature on one hand, and the Lamarckian recapitulationism on the other. The originality of the Theory of evolution by natural selection is highlighted, while showing its connection with the analogy with breeders directed crosses and its theoretical justification inspired in Mathus Population Theory. However, it is explained how Darwin’s concern with the problem of the origin of evolutionary variations led him to consider the role of the environment in the production of variants. In this context it is explained the historical importance of his ill-fated hypothesis of pangenesis. To conclude, it is shown that though the concept of evolution by natural selection assumes the randomness of individual variations, Darwin nevertheless pursued his stubborn search for the laws of variations that he believed to have accounted for with this hypothesis
Clement A. Tisdell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carrying capacity reconsidered: From Malthus' Population Theory to cultural carrying capacity
Ecological Economics, 1999Co-Authors: Irmi Seidl, Clement A. TisdellAbstract:In this paper the concept of carrying capacity is investigated to provide an improved understanding about its contribution to solve environmental problems. Light is shed on its form, interpretation and application in biology, demography, applied and human ecology. The analysis begins with an examination of the bedrock of carrying capacity which is Malthus' Population Theory, and its mathematical formulation the logistic growth equation. The investigation shows Malthus' thinking to be both political and normative. Furthermore, the rigid assumptions of the logistic equation and the uncertainty of its terms are found not to allow an unequivocal calculation and prediction of the upper limits (carrying capacity) of Population growth. It is illustrated that in ecology, carrying capacity focuses on the quality of an ecosystem (pressures on it) and corresponding Population numbers, and less on equilibrium of Populations as in biology. It is shown that carrying capacity, when applied in fields where human activity or human aims are involved, is a complex normative concept influenced by ecological dynamics, human values and aims, institutional settings and management practices. However, it is demonstrated that the discussion about institutional settings, aims; and values does not take place as much as necessary for its useful application and operationalization in such fields. Instead, authors fall back on sustainability, environmental standards or resilience. The main contribution of carrying capacity in applied and human ecology is as a political concept generally highlighting that exponential growth and thus environmental pressures have to be curbed. Carrying capacity is far from being a universal constraint. Operationalization will continue to be hampered as long as agreements are missing about which social carrying capacity is to be opted for and when it is considered to have been transgressed.
Robert W Fogel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economic growth Population Theory and physiology the bearing of long term processes on the making of economic policy
Revista Universidad EAFIT, 2012Co-Authors: Robert W FogelAbstract:Economic history has contributed significantly to the formulation of economic Theory.* Among the economists who have found history an important source for their ideas are Smith, Malthus, Marx, Marshall, Keynes, Hicks, Arrow, Friedman, Solow, and Becker. Failure to take account of history, as Simon Kuznets (1941) stressed, has often led to a misunderstanding of current economic problems by investigators who have not realized that their generalizations rested upon transient circumstances. Nowhere is the need to recognize the role of long-run dynamics more relevant than in such pressing current issues as medical care, pension policies, and development policies.
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chapter 9 new findings on secular trends in nutrition and mortality some implications for Population Theory
Handbook of Population and Family Economics, 1997Co-Authors: Robert W FogelAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter describes the evolution of thought on, and knowledge of, the secular decline in mortality; provides new evidence and new analytical techniques that have made it possible to switch attention from famines to chronic malnutrition as the principal link between the food supply and mortality. The chapter also proposes a new Theory of the way that the food supply and Population were brought into equilibrium between 1700 and the twentieth century; and suggests some implications of the Theory for current Population issues. The findings discussed in the chapter indicate that the elimination of chronic malnutrition has played an important role in the secular improvement of health and life expectancy. They also suggest that the elimination of stunting and wasting at early ages is of major importance in the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates at middle and late ages. The relevance of these findings for current policy issues may be more obvious for Third World countries than for currently industrialized countries.
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economic growth Population Theory and physiology the bearing of long term processes on the
The American Economic Review, 1994Co-Authors: Robert W FogelAbstract:This lecture sketches a Theory of the secular decline in morbidity and mortality that takes account of changes induced in physiological functioning since 1700. The synergism between technological and physiological improvements has produced a form of human evolution biological though not genetic rapid culturally transmitted and not necessarily stable which is still ongoing in both OECD and developing countries. Thermodynamic and physiological aspects of economic growth are defined and their impact on growth rates is assessed. Implications of this Theory for Population forecasting measurement of national income demand for leisure pension policies and demand for health care are considered. (EXCERPT)
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economic growth Population Theory and physiology the bearing of long term processes on the making of economic policy
The American Economic Review, 1994Co-Authors: Robert W FogelAbstract:This paper sketches a Theory of the secular decline in morbidity and mortality that takes account of changes in human physiology since 1700. The synergism between technological and physiological improvements has produced a form of human evolution, much more rapid than natural selection, which is still ongoing in both OECD and developing countries. Thermodynamic and physiological aspects of economic growth are defined and their impact on growth rates is assessed. Implications of this Theory for Population forecasting, measurement of national income, demand for leisure, pension policies, and for the demand for health care are considered.
Irmi Seidl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carrying capacity reconsidered: From Malthus' Population Theory to cultural carrying capacity
Ecological Economics, 1999Co-Authors: Irmi Seidl, Clement A. TisdellAbstract:In this paper the concept of carrying capacity is investigated to provide an improved understanding about its contribution to solve environmental problems. Light is shed on its form, interpretation and application in biology, demography, applied and human ecology. The analysis begins with an examination of the bedrock of carrying capacity which is Malthus' Population Theory, and its mathematical formulation the logistic growth equation. The investigation shows Malthus' thinking to be both political and normative. Furthermore, the rigid assumptions of the logistic equation and the uncertainty of its terms are found not to allow an unequivocal calculation and prediction of the upper limits (carrying capacity) of Population growth. It is illustrated that in ecology, carrying capacity focuses on the quality of an ecosystem (pressures on it) and corresponding Population numbers, and less on equilibrium of Populations as in biology. It is shown that carrying capacity, when applied in fields where human activity or human aims are involved, is a complex normative concept influenced by ecological dynamics, human values and aims, institutional settings and management practices. However, it is demonstrated that the discussion about institutional settings, aims; and values does not take place as much as necessary for its useful application and operationalization in such fields. Instead, authors fall back on sustainability, environmental standards or resilience. The main contribution of carrying capacity in applied and human ecology is as a political concept generally highlighting that exponential growth and thus environmental pressures have to be curbed. Carrying capacity is far from being a universal constraint. Operationalization will continue to be hampered as long as agreements are missing about which social carrying capacity is to be opted for and when it is considered to have been transgressed.