The Experts below are selected from a list of 93 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tanya Stathers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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counting losses to cut losses quantifying legume Postharvest losses to help achieve food and nutrition security
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2018Co-Authors: Tanya Stathers, Jan Priebe, Kukom Edoh Ognakossan, Brighton M. Mvumi, Bruno TranAbstract:Projections suggest that by 2050 global food production will need to have increased by 70% to meet food demands associated with the world’s population growth. Such forecasts, alongside growing awareness of the socio-ecological costs of food loss, and political ramifications of food crises have seen Postharvest loss (PHL) reduction reappearing as a development priority. Particularly so in sub-Saharan Africa, a region deemed highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, where 307 million people are already affected by severe food insecurity, and the population is projected to double by 2050. Targets for reduced PHL are emphasised in the African Union’s Malabo Declaration and Sustainable Development Goal 12.3. However, crop Postharvest Systems are complex and losses occur in various ways at different activity stages and due to a host of diverse reasons. To better target and prioritise loss reduction investments and policies we need to understand how much food is being lost Postharvest, where, and why. The African Postharvest Losses Information Systems (APHLIS), brought a rigorous knowledge management approach to cereal PHLs. We are now expanding this to include key legume and other crops and estimates of the nutritional and financial values of these losses. The scientific literature was screened to build profiles of the PHLs occurring along the value chains, and combined with contextual information, to provide science-based estimates of PHLs where direct measurements are not available. We discuss these legume PHL profiles and the related opportunities and knowledge gaps.
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Postharvest agriculture in changing climates: Its importance to African smallholder farmers
Food Security, 2013Co-Authors: Tanya Stathers, Richard Lamboll, Brighton M. MvumiAbstract:Climate change and variability affect not only the field stages and yields of crops, but also what happens to them after harvest. There has been little discussion of the impacts of climate change on Postharvest agriculture, and still less on these impacts in developing countries. Many studies have focused on potential crop yield and pre-harvest implications of different climatic projections, but have omitted an analysis of the need and ability to then protect this increasingly valuable harvest as a vital aspect of food security. Postharvest Systems will be affected by changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity, extreme events and the natural and human responses to climate change and variability. This study describes typical grain Postharvest Systems in east and southern Africa and discusses the likely impacts of different climate change trends on Postharvest activities, assets and human well-being outcomes. Adaptation opportunities for creating more climate resilient Postharvest agricultural Systems and associated livelihoods are identified. Many of these adaptation opportunities are already known and understood by Postharvest service providers, highlighting the significant challenge of getting Postharvest knowledge into use at a larger scale. A discussion is presented on the factors influencing attempts to strengthen the adaptive capacity of Postharvest Systems, such as its invisibility, its omission from training curricula, innovation system challenges, the policy bias towards pre-harvest agricultural spending, limited understanding of gender and diversity aspects of Postharvest roles, and the dominance of maize in the food system. The study recognises the crucial role of Postharvest agriculture in helping communities adapt and cope with change.
Brighton M. Mvumi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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counting losses to cut losses quantifying legume Postharvest losses to help achieve food and nutrition security
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2018Co-Authors: Tanya Stathers, Jan Priebe, Kukom Edoh Ognakossan, Brighton M. Mvumi, Bruno TranAbstract:Projections suggest that by 2050 global food production will need to have increased by 70% to meet food demands associated with the world’s population growth. Such forecasts, alongside growing awareness of the socio-ecological costs of food loss, and political ramifications of food crises have seen Postharvest loss (PHL) reduction reappearing as a development priority. Particularly so in sub-Saharan Africa, a region deemed highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, where 307 million people are already affected by severe food insecurity, and the population is projected to double by 2050. Targets for reduced PHL are emphasised in the African Union’s Malabo Declaration and Sustainable Development Goal 12.3. However, crop Postharvest Systems are complex and losses occur in various ways at different activity stages and due to a host of diverse reasons. To better target and prioritise loss reduction investments and policies we need to understand how much food is being lost Postharvest, where, and why. The African Postharvest Losses Information Systems (APHLIS), brought a rigorous knowledge management approach to cereal PHLs. We are now expanding this to include key legume and other crops and estimates of the nutritional and financial values of these losses. The scientific literature was screened to build profiles of the PHLs occurring along the value chains, and combined with contextual information, to provide science-based estimates of PHLs where direct measurements are not available. We discuss these legume PHL profiles and the related opportunities and knowledge gaps.
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Postharvest agriculture in changing climates: Its importance to African smallholder farmers
Food Security, 2013Co-Authors: Tanya Stathers, Richard Lamboll, Brighton M. MvumiAbstract:Climate change and variability affect not only the field stages and yields of crops, but also what happens to them after harvest. There has been little discussion of the impacts of climate change on Postharvest agriculture, and still less on these impacts in developing countries. Many studies have focused on potential crop yield and pre-harvest implications of different climatic projections, but have omitted an analysis of the need and ability to then protect this increasingly valuable harvest as a vital aspect of food security. Postharvest Systems will be affected by changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity, extreme events and the natural and human responses to climate change and variability. This study describes typical grain Postharvest Systems in east and southern Africa and discusses the likely impacts of different climate change trends on Postharvest activities, assets and human well-being outcomes. Adaptation opportunities for creating more climate resilient Postharvest agricultural Systems and associated livelihoods are identified. Many of these adaptation opportunities are already known and understood by Postharvest service providers, highlighting the significant challenge of getting Postharvest knowledge into use at a larger scale. A discussion is presented on the factors influencing attempts to strengthen the adaptive capacity of Postharvest Systems, such as its invisibility, its omission from training curricula, innovation system challenges, the policy bias towards pre-harvest agricultural spending, limited understanding of gender and diversity aspects of Postharvest roles, and the dominance of maize in the food system. The study recognises the crucial role of Postharvest agriculture in helping communities adapt and cope with change.
Dharini Sivakumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Decay control in the Postharvest system: Role of microbial and plant volatile organic compounds
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Marta Mari, Silvia Bautista-baños, Dharini SivakumarAbstract:Significant Postharvest losses occur during the supply chain of fresh produce. Postharvest decay is one of the main factors that determines losses and compromises the quality of fruit and vegetables. Traditionally Postharvest decay control is achieved using chemical fungicides; however, the important concerns relating to environmental and human health require the development of novel methods for the control of Postharvest decay. Furthermore, the consumer demand and the purchasing power are higher for fresh produce that are free from pesticide application. This review highlights the research literature based information on the application of microbial and plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control Postharvest decay, their practical applications in Postharvest Systems and the future perspectives. The volatile nature of VOCs could be potentially employed with success as gaseous treatments in a process defined ‘biofumigation’. Plant-produced volatiles including among others, aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, 2-E-hexenal and benzaldehyde, alcohols such as ethanol and acetic acid, essential oils (EOs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) and microbial volatile organic compounds have been recognised as potential substances in preventing pathogenic infections in many horticultural commodities. However, some issues have to be well elucidated in order to admit these substances in a large-scale application to improve the competitiveness of the fresh produce at the quality stringent EU, USA, and the Japanese markets. The main concern are related to the registration process, but also VOCs degradation and residues in fruit, formulation and organoleptic impact, are aspects that have to be thoroughly considered prior to commercialisation of the selected VOC. Furthermore, VOCs could have an effective role for an eco-chemical approach in Postharvest disease control since these biobased products, if compared to conventional ones, can offer clear environmental benefits due to their renewability, biodegradability and hypotoxicity.
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Effect of volatile compounds produced by Bacillus strains on Postharvest decay in citrus
Biological Control, 2010Co-Authors: Eva Arrebola, Dharini Sivakumar, Lise KorstenAbstract:Abstract The antifungal effects of volatile compounds produced by Bacillus strains; Bacillus subtilis PPCB001 or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 and antagonist combination (PPCB001 + PPCB004) against Penicillium digitatum Sacc., Penicillium italicum Wehmer and Penicillium crustosum Thom isolates were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The antagonists alone or in combination inhibited the radial mycelial growth of Penicillium spp. in vitro. Among the three Penicillium isolates tested P. crustosum showed 73.3% of mycelial growth inhibition in presence of PPCB004. The antifungal effects of volatiles increased with increasing time (days), and PPCB004 showed the highest inhibition of radial mycelial growth in P. crustosum on the 10th day. The EC50 was 2.5 × 105 CFU ml−1 for PPCB001; 9.45 × 106 CFU ml−1 for PPCB004 and 7.76 × 106 CFU ml−1 for PPCB001 + PPCB004. Antagonist PPCB004 incubated at 37 °C for 24 h showed higher inhibitory effect on spore germination and germ tube elongation in P. crustosum than all other treatments. Although, PPCB001 produced a higher number of volatile compounds (21 different types) than PPC004 (8 different types), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin) was the predominant ketone produced by both PPCB001 (45.98%) and PPCB004 (97.52%). Antagonist PPCB004 showed significant inhibition on decay incidence and severity in Valencia, inoculated with P. crustosum and held at 25 °C for 12 days. The observations indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 to control P. crustosum in Postharvest Systems.
L. A. Estevez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Management options, technologies and strategies for minimised mycotoxin contamination of rice.
World Mycotoxin Journal, 2009Co-Authors: M. Gummert, C. B. Balingbing, G. Barry, L. A. EstevezAbstract:Ninety percent of the world's rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Millions of rice producers are resource-poor farmers with a rice area of less than one hectare. Yield increase and the introduction of double-cropping Systems have ensured that rice production has kept up with an increasing demand. However, the increased quantities of grain and the second harvest, which is often in the wet season, have increased the problems in traditional Postharvest Systems. This can be particularly severe in the humid tropics, where post-harvest losses occur because of outdated management practices and technologies, and delays in post-harvest operations. Fungal infestation of rice grains can lead to discoloration, which results in price reductions in most markets. This can also result in rice being contaminated with mycotoxins, which is less visible to consumers. Contamination with ochratoxins, aflatoxins, and other mycotoxins have occasionally been reported in the literature. In the past, this was not seen as a signi...
A. Frank Bollen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Traceability in Postharvest Systems
Postharvest Handling, 2014Co-Authors: A. Frank Bollen, Jean-pierre EmondAbstract:Traceability is an expected attribute of the modern Postharvest system. Traceability is a well coordinated and well documented movement of product and documented activities associated with the product, from producer, through a chain of intermediaries, to the final consumer. When this book was first published, the emphasis was on how the components of the Postharvest system interacted and in turn, the impacts of these interactions on other parts of the system. It is a sign of how well Systems and supply chain thinking has embedded within this sector of the international economy that it is now important to include a discussion on an activity that helps to integrate and bind a supply system from end-to-end, the activity of traceability.
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Chapter 12 – Traceability in Postharvest Systems
Postharvest Handling, 2009Co-Authors: A. Frank BollenAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the concept of traceability in the context of an industrialized supply chain. The Postharvest system can be split into three parts in terms of traceability. At the packing house product is placed into packaging and onto pallets. From this stage in the process, product is well-identified and can generally be traced through the logistics chain. Through the logistic sector of the system it is possible to achieve complete traceability, provided adequate recording of activities and product movement is carried out. Once the pallets and packs are broken down, traceability becomes less accurate because product is mixed and the local recording Systems tend to be less robust. The traceability also poses a challenge from the orchard until the point of product packing. So, the system is characterized by a central component of high traceability sandwiched between two components of low traceability. While it is common in discussions of traceability to assume absolute traceability; in fact in the context of the entire Postharvest system traceability will never be absolute. The traceability system is a subset of a Postharvest information system. Traceability is one of the main activities shared across the entire supply chain. Increasing traceability requirements require improved integration of individual information Systems within the supply chain. Improvements in information integration, in turn, will also lead to increased vertical integration of supply chains.