The Experts below are selected from a list of 40923 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Megan Galbally - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perinatal maternal depression and cortisol function in pregnancy and the Postpartum Period a systematic literature review
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2016Co-Authors: Sunaina Seth, Andrew J Lewis, Megan GalballyAbstract:Perinatal depression has a significant impact on both mother and child. However, the influence of hormonal changes during pregnancy and the Postpartum Period remains unclear. This article provides a systematic review of studies examining the effects of maternal cortisol function on perinatal depression. A systematic search was conducted of six electronic databases for published research on the relationship between cortisol and perinatal depression. The databases included; MEDLINE complete, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Science Direct and EBSCO, for the years 1960 to May 2015. Risk of bias was assessed and data extraction verified by two investigators. In total, 47 studies met criteria and studies showed considerable variation in terms of methodology including sample size, cortisol assays, cortisol substrates, sampling processes and outcome measures. Those studies identified as higher quality found that the cortisol awakening response is positively associated with momentary mood states but is blunted in cases of major maternal depression. Furthermore, results indicate that hypercortisolemia is linked to transient depressive states while hypocortisolemia is related to chronic Postpartum depression. Future research should aim to improve the accuracy of cortisol measurement over time, obtain multiple cortisol samples in a day and utilise diagnostic measures of depression. Future studies should also consider both antenatal and postnatal depression and the differential impact of atypical versus melancholic depression on cortisol levels, as this can help to further clarify the relationship between perinatal depression and maternal cortisol function across pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
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perinatal maternal depression and cortisol function in pregnancy and the Postpartum Period a systematic literature review
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2016Co-Authors: Sunaina Seth, Andrew J Lewis, Megan GalballyAbstract:Abstract Background Perinatal depression has a significant impact on both mother and child. However, the influence of hormonal changes during pregnancy and the Postpartum Period remains unclear. This article provides a systematic review of studies examining the effects of maternal cortisol function on perinatal depression. Method A systematic search was conducted of six electronic databases for published research on the relationship between cortisol and perinatal depression. The databases included; MEDLINE complete, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Science Direct and EBSCO, for the years 1960 to May 2015. Risk of bias was assessed and data extraction verified by two investigators. Results In total, 47 studies met criteria and studies showed considerable variation in terms of methodology including sample size, cortisol assays, cortisol substrates, sampling processes and outcome measures. Those studies identified as higher quality found that the cortisol awakening response is positively associated with momentary mood states but is blunted in cases of major maternal depression. Furthermore, results indicate that hypercortisolemia is linked to transient depressive states while hypocortisolemia is related to chronic Postpartum depression. Discussion and Conclusion Future research should aim to improve the accuracy of cortisol measurement over time, obtain multiple cortisol samples in a day and utilise diagnostic measures of depression. Future studies should also consider both antenatal and postnatal depression and the differential impact of atypical versus melancholic depression on cortisol levels, as this can help to further clarify the relationship between perinatal depression and maternal cortisol function across pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
Melanie Morin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pelvic floor morphometry and function in women with and without puborectalis avulsion in the early Postpartum Period
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017Co-Authors: Mariepierre Cyr, Jennifer Kruger, Vivien Wong, Chantale Dumoulin, Isabelle Girard, Melanie MorinAbstract:Background Pelvic floor muscles are subject to considerable stretching during vaginal birth. In 13-36% of women, stretching results in avulsion injury whereby the puborectalis muscle disconnects from its insertion points on the pubis bone. Until now, few studies have investigated the effect of this lesion on pelvic floor muscles in the early Postpartum Period. Objective The primary aim of this study was to compare pelvic floor muscle morphometry and function in primiparous women with and without puborectalis avulsion in the early Postpartum Period. Our secondary objective was to compare the 2 groups for pelvic floor disorders and impact on quality of life. Study Design In all, 52 primiparous women diagnosed with (n = 22) or without (n = 30) puborectalis avulsion injury were assessed at 3 months Postpartum. Pelvic floor muscle morphometry was evaluated with 3-/4-dimensional transperineal ultrasound at rest, maximal contraction, and Valsalva maneuver. Different parameters were measured in the midsagittal and axial planes: bladder neck position, levator plate angle, anorectal angle, and levator hiatus dimensions. The dynamometric speculum was used to assess pelvic floor muscle function including: passive properties (passive forces and stiffness) during dynamic stretches, maximal strength, speed of contraction, and endurance. Pelvic floor disorder–related symptoms (eg, urinary incontinence, vaginal and bowel symptoms) and impact on quality of life were evaluated with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-Short Form. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification was also assessed. Results In comparison to women without avulsion, women with avulsion presented an enlarged hiatus area at rest, maximal contraction, and Valsalva maneuver ( P ≤ .013) and all other ultrasound parameters were found to be significantly altered during maximal contraction ( P ≤ .014). They showed lower passive forces at maximal and 20-mm vaginal apertures as well as lower stiffness at 20-mm aperture ( P ≤ .048). Significantly lower strength, speed of contraction, and endurance were also found in women with avulsion ( P ≤ .005). They also presented more urinary incontinence symptoms ( P = .040) whereas vaginal and bowel symptoms were found to be similar in the 2 groups. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification revealed greater anterior compartment descent in women with avulsion ( P ≤ .010). The impact of pelvic floor disorders on quality of life was found to be significantly higher in women with avulsion ( P = .038). Conclusion This study confirms that pelvic floor muscle morphometry and function are impaired in primiparous women with puborectalis avulsion in the early Postpartum Period. Moreover, it highlights specific muscle parameters that are altered such as passive properties, strength, speed of contraction, and endurance.
Sunaina Seth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perinatal maternal depression and cortisol function in pregnancy and the Postpartum Period a systematic literature review
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2016Co-Authors: Sunaina Seth, Andrew J Lewis, Megan GalballyAbstract:Perinatal depression has a significant impact on both mother and child. However, the influence of hormonal changes during pregnancy and the Postpartum Period remains unclear. This article provides a systematic review of studies examining the effects of maternal cortisol function on perinatal depression. A systematic search was conducted of six electronic databases for published research on the relationship between cortisol and perinatal depression. The databases included; MEDLINE complete, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Science Direct and EBSCO, for the years 1960 to May 2015. Risk of bias was assessed and data extraction verified by two investigators. In total, 47 studies met criteria and studies showed considerable variation in terms of methodology including sample size, cortisol assays, cortisol substrates, sampling processes and outcome measures. Those studies identified as higher quality found that the cortisol awakening response is positively associated with momentary mood states but is blunted in cases of major maternal depression. Furthermore, results indicate that hypercortisolemia is linked to transient depressive states while hypocortisolemia is related to chronic Postpartum depression. Future research should aim to improve the accuracy of cortisol measurement over time, obtain multiple cortisol samples in a day and utilise diagnostic measures of depression. Future studies should also consider both antenatal and postnatal depression and the differential impact of atypical versus melancholic depression on cortisol levels, as this can help to further clarify the relationship between perinatal depression and maternal cortisol function across pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
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perinatal maternal depression and cortisol function in pregnancy and the Postpartum Period a systematic literature review
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2016Co-Authors: Sunaina Seth, Andrew J Lewis, Megan GalballyAbstract:Abstract Background Perinatal depression has a significant impact on both mother and child. However, the influence of hormonal changes during pregnancy and the Postpartum Period remains unclear. This article provides a systematic review of studies examining the effects of maternal cortisol function on perinatal depression. Method A systematic search was conducted of six electronic databases for published research on the relationship between cortisol and perinatal depression. The databases included; MEDLINE complete, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Science Direct and EBSCO, for the years 1960 to May 2015. Risk of bias was assessed and data extraction verified by two investigators. Results In total, 47 studies met criteria and studies showed considerable variation in terms of methodology including sample size, cortisol assays, cortisol substrates, sampling processes and outcome measures. Those studies identified as higher quality found that the cortisol awakening response is positively associated with momentary mood states but is blunted in cases of major maternal depression. Furthermore, results indicate that hypercortisolemia is linked to transient depressive states while hypocortisolemia is related to chronic Postpartum depression. Discussion and Conclusion Future research should aim to improve the accuracy of cortisol measurement over time, obtain multiple cortisol samples in a day and utilise diagnostic measures of depression. Future studies should also consider both antenatal and postnatal depression and the differential impact of atypical versus melancholic depression on cortisol levels, as this can help to further clarify the relationship between perinatal depression and maternal cortisol function across pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
Mariepierre Cyr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pelvic floor morphometry and function in women with and without puborectalis avulsion in the early Postpartum Period
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017Co-Authors: Mariepierre Cyr, Jennifer Kruger, Vivien Wong, Chantale Dumoulin, Isabelle Girard, Melanie MorinAbstract:Background Pelvic floor muscles are subject to considerable stretching during vaginal birth. In 13-36% of women, stretching results in avulsion injury whereby the puborectalis muscle disconnects from its insertion points on the pubis bone. Until now, few studies have investigated the effect of this lesion on pelvic floor muscles in the early Postpartum Period. Objective The primary aim of this study was to compare pelvic floor muscle morphometry and function in primiparous women with and without puborectalis avulsion in the early Postpartum Period. Our secondary objective was to compare the 2 groups for pelvic floor disorders and impact on quality of life. Study Design In all, 52 primiparous women diagnosed with (n = 22) or without (n = 30) puborectalis avulsion injury were assessed at 3 months Postpartum. Pelvic floor muscle morphometry was evaluated with 3-/4-dimensional transperineal ultrasound at rest, maximal contraction, and Valsalva maneuver. Different parameters were measured in the midsagittal and axial planes: bladder neck position, levator plate angle, anorectal angle, and levator hiatus dimensions. The dynamometric speculum was used to assess pelvic floor muscle function including: passive properties (passive forces and stiffness) during dynamic stretches, maximal strength, speed of contraction, and endurance. Pelvic floor disorder–related symptoms (eg, urinary incontinence, vaginal and bowel symptoms) and impact on quality of life were evaluated with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-Short Form. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification was also assessed. Results In comparison to women without avulsion, women with avulsion presented an enlarged hiatus area at rest, maximal contraction, and Valsalva maneuver ( P ≤ .013) and all other ultrasound parameters were found to be significantly altered during maximal contraction ( P ≤ .014). They showed lower passive forces at maximal and 20-mm vaginal apertures as well as lower stiffness at 20-mm aperture ( P ≤ .048). Significantly lower strength, speed of contraction, and endurance were also found in women with avulsion ( P ≤ .005). They also presented more urinary incontinence symptoms ( P = .040) whereas vaginal and bowel symptoms were found to be similar in the 2 groups. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification revealed greater anterior compartment descent in women with avulsion ( P ≤ .010). The impact of pelvic floor disorders on quality of life was found to be significantly higher in women with avulsion ( P = .038). Conclusion This study confirms that pelvic floor muscle morphometry and function are impaired in primiparous women with puborectalis avulsion in the early Postpartum Period. Moreover, it highlights specific muscle parameters that are altered such as passive properties, strength, speed of contraction, and endurance.
Kathryn M. Curtis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intrauterine device insertion during the Postpartum Period a systematic review
Contraception, 2009Co-Authors: Nathalie Kapp, Kathryn M. CurtisAbstract:Abstract Background Insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) at different times or by different routes during the Postpartum Period may increase the risk of complications. Methods We searched Medline, Lilacs and Cochrane Collaboration databases for articles in any language, between database inception until December 2008, which compared outcomes of Postpartum IUD insertion time intervals. Search terms included Postpartum , puerperium , postcesarean delivery , cesarean section, IUD(s) , IUCD(s) , intrauterine device(s) and insertion . Results From 297 articles, we identified 15 for inclusion in this review: all studies examined the outcomes from copper IUD insertions within the Postpartum time Period compared to other time intervals or compared routes (vaginal or via hysterotomy) of Postpartum insertion. No studies of levonorgestrel IUDs were identified. Immediate IUD insertion (within 10 min of placental delivery) was safe when compared with later Postpartum time Periods and interval insertion. Immediate Postpartum IUD insertion demonstrated lower expulsion rates when compared with delayed Postpartum insertion but with higher rates than interval insertion. Immediate insertion following cesarean delivery demonstrated lower expulsion rates than immediate insertion following vaginal delivery. Conclusion Poor to fair quality evidence from 15 articles demonstrated no increase in risk of complications among women who had an IUD inserted during the Postpartum Period; however, some increase in expulsion rates occurred with delayed Postpartum insertion when compared to immediate insertion and with immediate insertion when compared to interval insertion. Postplacental placements during cesarean delivery are associated with lower expulsion rates than postplacental vaginal insertions, without increasing rates of postoperative complications.
