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Joseph E. Munyaneza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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zebra chip progression from inoculation of Potato plants with liberibacter to development of disease symptoms in tubers
American Journal of Potato Research, 2012Co-Authors: Jeremy L. Buchman, Tonja W Fisher, Venkatesan G. Sengoda, Joseph E. MunyanezaAbstract:Zebra chip (ZC), a new and serious disease of Potatoes, has caused millions of dollars in losses to the Potato industry in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. The disease has been associated with the bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” transmitted to Potato by the Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). The most characteristic symptoms of ZC develop in Potato tubers and include browning of vascular tissue concomitant with necrotic flecking of internal tissues and streaking of the medullary ray tissues, all of which can affect the entire tuber. Upon tuber frying, these symptoms become more pronounced and Potato chips or fries processed from ZC-affected tubers show very dark blotches, stripes, or streaks, rendering them commercially unacceptable. Field experiments were conducted to determine how rapidly ZC symptoms develop in Potato tubers following plant exposure to liberibacter-infective Potato psyllids and to assess how the disease affects the overall Potato yield and tuber processing quality over time. Results indicated that ZC symptoms developed in Potato tubers 3 weeks following plant exposure to psyllids. Tuber development ceased upon the onset of ZC symptoms, resulting in substantial yield loss. Levels of tuber solids decreased as soon as initial disease symptoms were observed. In contrast, reducing sugar levels in tubers increased dramatically upon the onset of ZC symptoms, significantly affecting Potato processing quality. This information, in combination with effective psyllid monitoring and control, will assist Potato producers make harvest timing decisions following infestations of Potato psyllids in their fields to minimize damage caused by ZC.
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susceptibility of selected Potato varieties to zebra chip Potato disease
American Journal of Potato Research, 2011Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, Jeremy L. Buchman, Tonja W Fisher, Venkatesan G. Sengoda, Cole C PearsonAbstract:Zebra chip (ZC), an emerging and serious disease of Potato has caused millions of dollars in losses to the Potato industry in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. The disease has recently been associated with a previously undescribed species of liberibacter tentatively named “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” transmitted to Potato by the Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). At present, applications of insecticides targeted against the Potato psyllid are the only means to manage ZC. Given the low psyllid density and short inoculation access period required to induce the disease, insecticides may not act fast enough to prevent transmission of liberibacter to Potato by the psyllid and development of ZC. Identification and development of ZC-resistant or tolerant varieties may offer the most efficient and sustainable way to manage this Potato disease. Susceptibility of selected Potato varieties to ZC was evaluated under controlled field cage conditions in 2009 and 2010 in WA by inoculating Potato plants with “Ca. L. solanacearum” using infective Potato psyllids and monitoring them for ZC symptom development. All Potato varieties evaluated in both years of the study were determined to be very susceptible to the disease, with almost 100% of the inoculated plants developing severe ZC foliar and tuber symptoms. Potato yield in all tested varieties was significantly affected by ZC, with yield losses ranging from 49.9% to 87. 2%. Information from this research suggests that there is an urgent need to develop new Potato varieties that are resistant or tolerant to this damaging Potato disease.
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phenotypic and etiological differences between psyllid yellows and zebra chip diseases of Potato
American Journal of Potato Research, 2010Co-Authors: Venkatesan G. Sengoda, Jeremy L. Buchman, Joseph E. Munyaneza, James M. Crosslin, Hanu R. PappuAbstract:Both Potato psyllid yellows and zebra chip (ZC) Potato diseases are associated with the Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). Aboveground plant symptoms of both diseases are similar but there is a difference in symptoms in Potato tubers. ZC has recently been associated with a new species of the bacterium liberibacter, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, also known as ‘Ca. Liberibacter psyllaurous’. Mechanisms by which the Potato psyllid might cause either ZC or Potato psyllid yellows symptoms are not understood. Insect transmission studies were conducted to demonstrate psyllid vectoring of both diseases and to compare symptoms and development of the two diseases. Potato plants were exposed to both liberibacter-free and liberibacter-carrying Potato psyllids and later evaluated for plant and tuber symptoms. These plants and tubers were then tested for liberibacter by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, Potato plants exhibiting severe psyllid yellows/ZC-like symptoms were collected from a commercial Potato field heavily infested with the Potato psyllid and tested for liberibacter. PCR detected ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’ in ZC symptomatic plants and tubers resulting from exposure to liberibacter-carrying psyllids. Despite development of foliar symptoms that resemble those of ZC in plants exposed to liberibacter-free psyllids, no liberibacter was detected in these plants with psyllid yellows. Moreover, tubers from these plants with psyllid yellows did not exhibit any symptoms of ZC infection and tested negative for the bacterium. No liberibacter was detected in plants or tubers collected from the psyllid-infested Potato field, suggesting that the observed symptoms were due to psyllid yellows. Furthermore, Potato plants that were infected with liberibacter died sooner than plants that were infected with psyllid yellows. Although an association between liberibacter and ZC has been established, no pathogen is yet associated with Potato psyllid yellows and mechanisms by which psyllid yellows symptoms are induced by the Potato psyllid remain unclear.
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impact of different Potato psyllid populations on zebra chip disease incidence severity and Potato yield
Subtropical Plant Science, 2008Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, Gerhard Bester, Jeremy L. Buchman, Jeffrey E Upton, John A. Goolsby, Godfrey P. Miles, James M. Crosslin, Venkatesan G. SengodaAbstract:Zebra chip (ZC) is an emerging and damaging Potato disease that is causing millions of dollars in losses to the Potato industry in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. ZC plant symptoms resemble those caused by Potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Tubers produced by ZC-infected Potato plants exhibit internal necrosis that affects the entire tuber. Fried chips processed from ZC-infected tubers have a characteristic striped pattern of necrosis and are unmarketable. This Potato disease has recently been associated with the Potato psyllid ( Bactericera cockerelli Sulc). A field experiment was conducted in southern Texas, under controlled cage conditions, to document the impact of different geographic populations of Potato psyllid on ZC incidence, severity, and Potato yield. Nine different colonies of psyllids were used in the study. Results showed that Potato plants exposed to Potato psyllids developed typical ZC symptoms in raw tubers and fried chips. ZC incidence in Potato plants ranged from 0 to 100%. Not all insects used in the study were infective and only six psyllid colonies induced ZC symptoms in Potatoes. No ZC symptoms were observed in psyllid-free control plots. Results indicated that ZC symptom severity in fried chips was correlated with ZC severity in raw tubers and with tuber weight. The impact of Potato psyllid on Potato yield and processing quality was highly significant. The number of commercially acceptable tubers per plant was significantly reduced and up to 93% Potato yield loss occurred when Potato plants were exposed to psyllids. Tubers from ZC-infected plants produced unmarketable Potato chips.
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association of bactericera cockerelli homoptera psyllidae with zebra chip a new Potato disease in southwestern united states and mexico
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, James M. Crosslin, Jeffrey E UptonAbstract:Abstract A new defect of Potato,Solanum tuberosum L., “zebra chip,” so named for the characteristic symptoms that develop in fried chips from infected Potato tubers, has recently been documented in several southwestern states of the United States, in Mexico, and in Central America. This defect is causing millions of dollars in losses to both Potato producers and processors. Zebra chip plant symptoms resemble those caused by Potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the association between the psyllidBactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and zebra chip by exposing clean Potato plants to this insect under greenhouse and field conditions. Potato plants and tubers exhibiting zebra chip symptoms were tested for phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction. Potato psyllids collected from infected Potato fields also were tested. Results indicated that there was an association between the Potato psyllid and zebra chip. Plants exposed to psyllids in the gre...
Juan M Alvarez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of an alternate weed host hairy nightshade solanum sarrachoides sendtner on green peach aphid distribution and Potato leafroll virus incidence in Potato fields of the pacific northwest
Crop Protection, 2013Co-Authors: Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan, Juan M Alvarez, Felix A CervantesAbstract:Abstract Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides (Sendtner) is an annual solanaceous weed prevalent in Potato farmlands of the Pacific Northwest. S. sarrachoides is also a reservoir for Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Green peach aphids prefer S. sarrachoides than Potato, Solanum tuberosum (L.), and produce more nymphs on S. sarrachoides than on Potato. Increased green peach aphid preference for S. sarrachoides and greater fecundity on this plant could lead to overcrowding and movement toward neighboring Potato plants. To test our hypothesis, field trials were conducted at Kimberly, Idaho during the summers of 2003 and 2004. A row of S. sarrachoides seedlings was planted in the middle of Potato plots and naturally occurring green peach aphid populations were monitored weekly on Potato plots with and without S. sarrachoides . More aphids were consistently found on S sarrachoides plants than on Potato plants. More aphids were found on Potato plants in plots with S. sarrachoides plants than without S. sarrachoides . Targeted insecticide applications on S. sarrachoides rows alone reduced the number of aphids on Potato plants in those plots, suggesting that insecticide sprays prevented aphid movement from S. sarrachoides to Potato. Testing of Potato tuber sprouts 90 days after harvest by double antibody sandwich ELISA indicated a greater PLRV infection rate on plots with S. sarrachoides than plots without S. sarrachoides . Therefore, the presence of S. sarrachoides in Potato plots will likely increase aphid populations and PLRV incidence on neighboring Potato plants.
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hairy nightshade as a potential Potato leafroll virus luteoviridae polerovirus inoculum source in pacific northwest Potato ecosystems
Phytopathology, 2008Co-Authors: Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan, Juan M AlvarezAbstract:Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides, is a solanaceous weed found abundantly in Pacific Northwest Potato ecosystems. It serves as a reservoir for one of the important Potato viruses, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus), and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Laboratory research indicated an increased green peach aphid settling and performance on S. sarrachoides than on Potato. It also revealed that green peach aphids transmitted PLRV more efficiently from S. sarrachoides to Potato than from Potato to Potato. To test the efficiency of S. sarrachoides as an inoculum source in the field, a two season (2004 and 2005) trial was conducted at Kimberly, Idaho. Two inoculum sources, PLRV-infected Potato and PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides, were compared in this trial. Green peach aphid density and temporal and spatial PLRV spread were monitored at weekly intervals. Higher densities of green peach aphids were observed on plots with S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources (PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides and Potato) than on plots without S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources. PLRV infection in plots with PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides was similar to or slightly higher than in plots with PLRV-infected Potato as an inoculum source. Temporal and spatial PLRV spread was similar in plots with either inoculum source. Thus, S. sarrachoides is as efficient as or a better PLRV inoculum source than Potato.
Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of an alternate weed host hairy nightshade solanum sarrachoides sendtner on green peach aphid distribution and Potato leafroll virus incidence in Potato fields of the pacific northwest
Crop Protection, 2013Co-Authors: Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan, Juan M Alvarez, Felix A CervantesAbstract:Abstract Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides (Sendtner) is an annual solanaceous weed prevalent in Potato farmlands of the Pacific Northwest. S. sarrachoides is also a reservoir for Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Green peach aphids prefer S. sarrachoides than Potato, Solanum tuberosum (L.), and produce more nymphs on S. sarrachoides than on Potato. Increased green peach aphid preference for S. sarrachoides and greater fecundity on this plant could lead to overcrowding and movement toward neighboring Potato plants. To test our hypothesis, field trials were conducted at Kimberly, Idaho during the summers of 2003 and 2004. A row of S. sarrachoides seedlings was planted in the middle of Potato plots and naturally occurring green peach aphid populations were monitored weekly on Potato plots with and without S. sarrachoides . More aphids were consistently found on S sarrachoides plants than on Potato plants. More aphids were found on Potato plants in plots with S. sarrachoides plants than without S. sarrachoides . Targeted insecticide applications on S. sarrachoides rows alone reduced the number of aphids on Potato plants in those plots, suggesting that insecticide sprays prevented aphid movement from S. sarrachoides to Potato. Testing of Potato tuber sprouts 90 days after harvest by double antibody sandwich ELISA indicated a greater PLRV infection rate on plots with S. sarrachoides than plots without S. sarrachoides . Therefore, the presence of S. sarrachoides in Potato plots will likely increase aphid populations and PLRV incidence on neighboring Potato plants.
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hairy nightshade as a potential Potato leafroll virus luteoviridae polerovirus inoculum source in pacific northwest Potato ecosystems
Phytopathology, 2008Co-Authors: Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan, Juan M AlvarezAbstract:Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides, is a solanaceous weed found abundantly in Pacific Northwest Potato ecosystems. It serves as a reservoir for one of the important Potato viruses, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus), and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Laboratory research indicated an increased green peach aphid settling and performance on S. sarrachoides than on Potato. It also revealed that green peach aphids transmitted PLRV more efficiently from S. sarrachoides to Potato than from Potato to Potato. To test the efficiency of S. sarrachoides as an inoculum source in the field, a two season (2004 and 2005) trial was conducted at Kimberly, Idaho. Two inoculum sources, PLRV-infected Potato and PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides, were compared in this trial. Green peach aphid density and temporal and spatial PLRV spread were monitored at weekly intervals. Higher densities of green peach aphids were observed on plots with S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources (PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides and Potato) than on plots without S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources. PLRV infection in plots with PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides was similar to or slightly higher than in plots with PLRV-infected Potato as an inoculum source. Temporal and spatial PLRV spread was similar in plots with either inoculum source. Thus, S. sarrachoides is as efficient as or a better PLRV inoculum source than Potato.
James M. Crosslin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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standardized rt pcr conditions for detection and identification of eleven viruses of Potato and Potato spindle tuber viroid
American Journal of Potato Research, 2011Co-Authors: James M. Crosslin, Launa HamlinAbstract:Standardized RT-PCR procedures were developed and validated for detection of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato mop top virus (PMTV), Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). Under the same conditions the O, N, NTN, and N:O strains of PVY could be differentiated using previously published multiplex primers.
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phenotypic and etiological differences between psyllid yellows and zebra chip diseases of Potato
American Journal of Potato Research, 2010Co-Authors: Venkatesan G. Sengoda, Jeremy L. Buchman, Joseph E. Munyaneza, James M. Crosslin, Hanu R. PappuAbstract:Both Potato psyllid yellows and zebra chip (ZC) Potato diseases are associated with the Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). Aboveground plant symptoms of both diseases are similar but there is a difference in symptoms in Potato tubers. ZC has recently been associated with a new species of the bacterium liberibacter, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, also known as ‘Ca. Liberibacter psyllaurous’. Mechanisms by which the Potato psyllid might cause either ZC or Potato psyllid yellows symptoms are not understood. Insect transmission studies were conducted to demonstrate psyllid vectoring of both diseases and to compare symptoms and development of the two diseases. Potato plants were exposed to both liberibacter-free and liberibacter-carrying Potato psyllids and later evaluated for plant and tuber symptoms. These plants and tubers were then tested for liberibacter by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, Potato plants exhibiting severe psyllid yellows/ZC-like symptoms were collected from a commercial Potato field heavily infested with the Potato psyllid and tested for liberibacter. PCR detected ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’ in ZC symptomatic plants and tubers resulting from exposure to liberibacter-carrying psyllids. Despite development of foliar symptoms that resemble those of ZC in plants exposed to liberibacter-free psyllids, no liberibacter was detected in these plants with psyllid yellows. Moreover, tubers from these plants with psyllid yellows did not exhibit any symptoms of ZC infection and tested negative for the bacterium. No liberibacter was detected in plants or tubers collected from the psyllid-infested Potato field, suggesting that the observed symptoms were due to psyllid yellows. Furthermore, Potato plants that were infected with liberibacter died sooner than plants that were infected with psyllid yellows. Although an association between liberibacter and ZC has been established, no pathogen is yet associated with Potato psyllid yellows and mechanisms by which psyllid yellows symptoms are induced by the Potato psyllid remain unclear.
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impact of different Potato psyllid populations on zebra chip disease incidence severity and Potato yield
Subtropical Plant Science, 2008Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, Gerhard Bester, Jeremy L. Buchman, Jeffrey E Upton, John A. Goolsby, Godfrey P. Miles, James M. Crosslin, Venkatesan G. SengodaAbstract:Zebra chip (ZC) is an emerging and damaging Potato disease that is causing millions of dollars in losses to the Potato industry in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. ZC plant symptoms resemble those caused by Potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Tubers produced by ZC-infected Potato plants exhibit internal necrosis that affects the entire tuber. Fried chips processed from ZC-infected tubers have a characteristic striped pattern of necrosis and are unmarketable. This Potato disease has recently been associated with the Potato psyllid ( Bactericera cockerelli Sulc). A field experiment was conducted in southern Texas, under controlled cage conditions, to document the impact of different geographic populations of Potato psyllid on ZC incidence, severity, and Potato yield. Nine different colonies of psyllids were used in the study. Results showed that Potato plants exposed to Potato psyllids developed typical ZC symptoms in raw tubers and fried chips. ZC incidence in Potato plants ranged from 0 to 100%. Not all insects used in the study were infective and only six psyllid colonies induced ZC symptoms in Potatoes. No ZC symptoms were observed in psyllid-free control plots. Results indicated that ZC symptom severity in fried chips was correlated with ZC severity in raw tubers and with tuber weight. The impact of Potato psyllid on Potato yield and processing quality was highly significant. The number of commercially acceptable tubers per plant was significantly reduced and up to 93% Potato yield loss occurred when Potato plants were exposed to psyllids. Tubers from ZC-infected plants produced unmarketable Potato chips.
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association of bactericera cockerelli homoptera psyllidae with zebra chip a new Potato disease in southwestern united states and mexico
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, James M. Crosslin, Jeffrey E UptonAbstract:Abstract A new defect of Potato,Solanum tuberosum L., “zebra chip,” so named for the characteristic symptoms that develop in fried chips from infected Potato tubers, has recently been documented in several southwestern states of the United States, in Mexico, and in Central America. This defect is causing millions of dollars in losses to both Potato producers and processors. Zebra chip plant symptoms resemble those caused by Potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the association between the psyllidBactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and zebra chip by exposing clean Potato plants to this insect under greenhouse and field conditions. Potato plants and tubers exhibiting zebra chip symptoms were tested for phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction. Potato psyllids collected from infected Potato fields also were tested. Results indicated that there was an association between the Potato psyllid and zebra chip. Plants exposed to psyllids in the gre...
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association of bactericera cockerelli homoptera psyllidae with zebra chip a new Potato disease in southwestern united states and mexico
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, James M. Crosslin, Jeffrey E UptonAbstract:A new defect of Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., "zebra chip," so named for the characteristic symptoms that develop in fried chips from infected Potato tubers, has recently been documented in several southwestern states of the United States, in Mexico, and in Central America. This defect is causing millions of dollars in losses to both Potato producers and processors. Zebra chip plant symptoms resemble those caused by Potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the association between the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and zebra chip by exposing clean Potato plants to this insect under greenhouse and field conditions. Potato plants and tubers exhibiting zebra chip symptoms were tested for phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction. Potato psyllids collected from infected Potato fields also were tested. Results indicated that there was an association between the Potato psyllid and zebra chip. Plants exposed to psyllids in the greenhouse and field developed zebra chip. In the greenhouse, 25.8 and 59.2% of tubers exhibited zebra chip symptoms in the raw tubers and fried chips, respectively. In the field, 15 and 57% of tubers showed symptoms in raw tubers and chips, respectively. No zebra chip was observed in tubers from plants that had not been exposed to psyllids, either in the greenhouse or field. No phytoplasmas were detected from Potato plants or tubers with zebra chip symptoms, suggesting that these pathogens are not involved in zebra chip. Of the 47 samples of Potato psyllids tested, only two tested positive for the Columbia Basin Potato purple top phytoplasma.
Jeffrey E Upton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of different Potato psyllid populations on zebra chip disease incidence severity and Potato yield
Subtropical Plant Science, 2008Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, Gerhard Bester, Jeremy L. Buchman, Jeffrey E Upton, John A. Goolsby, Godfrey P. Miles, James M. Crosslin, Venkatesan G. SengodaAbstract:Zebra chip (ZC) is an emerging and damaging Potato disease that is causing millions of dollars in losses to the Potato industry in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. ZC plant symptoms resemble those caused by Potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Tubers produced by ZC-infected Potato plants exhibit internal necrosis that affects the entire tuber. Fried chips processed from ZC-infected tubers have a characteristic striped pattern of necrosis and are unmarketable. This Potato disease has recently been associated with the Potato psyllid ( Bactericera cockerelli Sulc). A field experiment was conducted in southern Texas, under controlled cage conditions, to document the impact of different geographic populations of Potato psyllid on ZC incidence, severity, and Potato yield. Nine different colonies of psyllids were used in the study. Results showed that Potato plants exposed to Potato psyllids developed typical ZC symptoms in raw tubers and fried chips. ZC incidence in Potato plants ranged from 0 to 100%. Not all insects used in the study were infective and only six psyllid colonies induced ZC symptoms in Potatoes. No ZC symptoms were observed in psyllid-free control plots. Results indicated that ZC symptom severity in fried chips was correlated with ZC severity in raw tubers and with tuber weight. The impact of Potato psyllid on Potato yield and processing quality was highly significant. The number of commercially acceptable tubers per plant was significantly reduced and up to 93% Potato yield loss occurred when Potato plants were exposed to psyllids. Tubers from ZC-infected plants produced unmarketable Potato chips.
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association of bactericera cockerelli homoptera psyllidae with zebra chip a new Potato disease in southwestern united states and mexico
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, James M. Crosslin, Jeffrey E UptonAbstract:Abstract A new defect of Potato,Solanum tuberosum L., “zebra chip,” so named for the characteristic symptoms that develop in fried chips from infected Potato tubers, has recently been documented in several southwestern states of the United States, in Mexico, and in Central America. This defect is causing millions of dollars in losses to both Potato producers and processors. Zebra chip plant symptoms resemble those caused by Potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the association between the psyllidBactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and zebra chip by exposing clean Potato plants to this insect under greenhouse and field conditions. Potato plants and tubers exhibiting zebra chip symptoms were tested for phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction. Potato psyllids collected from infected Potato fields also were tested. Results indicated that there was an association between the Potato psyllid and zebra chip. Plants exposed to psyllids in the gre...
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association of bactericera cockerelli homoptera psyllidae with zebra chip a new Potato disease in southwestern united states and mexico
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: Joseph E. Munyaneza, James M. Crosslin, Jeffrey E UptonAbstract:A new defect of Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., "zebra chip," so named for the characteristic symptoms that develop in fried chips from infected Potato tubers, has recently been documented in several southwestern states of the United States, in Mexico, and in Central America. This defect is causing millions of dollars in losses to both Potato producers and processors. Zebra chip plant symptoms resemble those caused by Potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the association between the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and zebra chip by exposing clean Potato plants to this insect under greenhouse and field conditions. Potato plants and tubers exhibiting zebra chip symptoms were tested for phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction. Potato psyllids collected from infected Potato fields also were tested. Results indicated that there was an association between the Potato psyllid and zebra chip. Plants exposed to psyllids in the greenhouse and field developed zebra chip. In the greenhouse, 25.8 and 59.2% of tubers exhibited zebra chip symptoms in the raw tubers and fried chips, respectively. In the field, 15 and 57% of tubers showed symptoms in raw tubers and chips, respectively. No zebra chip was observed in tubers from plants that had not been exposed to psyllids, either in the greenhouse or field. No phytoplasmas were detected from Potato plants or tubers with zebra chip symptoms, suggesting that these pathogens are not involved in zebra chip. Of the 47 samples of Potato psyllids tested, only two tested positive for the Columbia Basin Potato purple top phytoplasma.
