The Experts below are selected from a list of 2961 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S.e. Craven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
three dimensional visualization of salmonella attachment to Poultry Skin using confocal scanning laser microscopy
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1996Co-Authors: K.y. Kim, Joseph F. Frank, S.e. CravenAbstract:The objective of this study was to locate the position of attached or entrapped Salmonella cells in Poultry Skin. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to obtain optical sections of intact Poultry Skin without artefacts associated with dehydration and other sample preparation techniques. A technique was developed to prevent compression of the Poultry Skin during CSLM operation. Images of bacteria and Poultry Skin were obtained after staining with Pyronin-Y. Data indicated that Salmonella cells were mostly located in the cervices and feather follicles. Salmonella in feather follicle floated freely in surrounding liquid even after the Skin was thoroughly rinsed.
-
Attachment of Salmonella on modified Poultry Skin surface
Journal of Food Science, 1996Co-Authors: K.y. Kim, Joseph F. Frank, S.e. CravenAbstract:Poultry Skin was treated with formalin, trisodium phosphate, lipase, and papain before attachment. No treatment affected ultimate attachment level. Attachment using different cell suspension concentrations showed that there was a limitation in attachment level for each cell suspension concentration. Total numbers of Salmonella cells on Poultry Skin including cells in the surface water film were compared with numbers of irreversibly attached cells that remained after washing. At 10 7 CFU/mL inoculation, irreversibly attached cells accounted for 93% of the total surface cell population after 60 min exposure and at 10 8 level, it was 38%.
-
Three‐dimensional visualization of Salmonella attachment to Poultry Skin using confocal scanning laser microscopy
Letters in applied microbiology, 1996Co-Authors: K.y. Kim, Joseph F. Frank, S.e. CravenAbstract:The objective of this study was to locate the position of attached or entrapped Salmonella cells in Poultry Skin. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to obtain optical sections of intact Poultry Skin without artefacts associated with dehydration and other sample preparation techniques. A technique was developed to prevent compression of the Poultry Skin during CSLM operation. Images of bacteria and Poultry Skin were obtained after staining with Pyronin-Y. Data indicated that Salmonella cells were mostly located in the cervices and feather follicles. Salmonella in feather follicle floated freely in surrounding liquid even after the Skin was thoroughly rinsed.
-
Attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to Poultry Skin as Related to Cell Viability
Journal of Food Science, 1996Co-Authors: K.y. Kim, H. S. Lillard, Joseph F. Frank, S.e. CravenAbstract:3 H-labeled S. typhimurium cells inactivated by gamma-radiation ( 60 Co) and by formaldehyde (5%) were used to determine if cell viability affected attachment to Poultry Skin. Both gamma-irradiated and formaldehyde-treated cells attached like live cells. There was no difference in attachment between cells grown in a chemically defined medium (SCDM) or in brain heart infusion broth (BHI). Live and gamma-irradiated cells and BHI-grown and SCDM-grown cells had similar surface hydrophobicity. Live and gamma-irradiated cells had similar cell surface charges, whereas BHI and SCDM-grown cells had different surface charges. Differences in cell surface charge did not affect attachment rate.
D. E. Conner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
survival of campylobacter jejuni on Poultry Skin and meat at varying temperatures
Poultry Science, 2007Co-Authors: M. A. Davis, D. E. ConnerAbstract:Researchers have recently found a much higher prevalence of Campylobacter on Skin-on Poultry products vs. Skinless products. These data suggest that contamination is associated primarily with Poultry Skin, and Campylobacter may not survive on Skinless Poultry meat. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the survival of Campylobacter Poultry Skin vs. meat under differing storage conditions. Skin and meat were irradiated to eliminate native microflora and inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni (~5.0 x 10(5) cfu/mL). Meat and Skin samples were packaged in polystyrene trays, covered with Cryovac film, and then subjected to 1 of the following storage conditions: 1) 4 degrees C for 11 d; 2) 4 degrees C for 1 d, then -3 degrees C for 10 d; 3) 4 degrees C for 1 d, -3 degrees C for 1 d, then 4 degrees C for 9 d; or 4) 4 degrees C for 1 d, -3 degrees C for 1 d, 20 degrees C for 1 h on d2, then 4 degrees for 9 d. On d 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, populations of Campylobacter were determined. The experiment was replicated 3 times. In each experiment, populations of surviving Campylobacter were not affected by storage conditions (P > or = 0.05), and there was no interaction between temperature treatments and sample type. Surviving Campylobacter populations were affected (P < or = 0.05) by sample type (Skin vs. meat). Campylobacter, in the absence of competing microflora, survived well on Poultry Skin and meat at the temperatures tested. In all experiments, higher populations were established on the inoculated Skin vs. inoculated meat. These populations remained consistently 0.4 to 0.9 log(10) cfu/g higher on Skin vs. meat. Poultry Skin topography may account, in part, for these higher populations on Skin.
-
Survival of Campylobacter jejuni on Poultry Skin and Meat at Varying Temperatures
Poultry science, 2007Co-Authors: M. A. Davis, D. E. ConnerAbstract:Abstract Researchers have recently found a much higher prevalence of Campylobacter on Skin-on Poultry products vs. Skinless products. These data suggest that contamination is associated primarily with Poultry Skin, and Campylobacter may not survive on Skinless Poultry meat. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the survival of Campylobacter Poultry Skin vs. meat under differing storage conditions. Skin and meat were irradiated to eliminate native microflora and inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni (~5.0 × 105 cfu/mL). Meat and Skin samples were packaged in polystyrene trays, covered with Cryovac film, and then subjected to 1 of the following storage conditions: 1) 4°C for 11 d; 2) 4°C for 1 d, then −3°C for 10 d; 3) 4°C for 1 d, −3°C for 1 d, then 4°C for 9 d; or 4) 4°C for 1 d, −3°C for 1 d, 20°C for 1 h on d2, then 4° for 9 d. On d 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, populations of Campylobacter were determined. The experiment was replicated 3 times. In each experiment, populations of surviving Campylobacter were not affected by storage conditions (P ≥ 0.05), and there was no interaction between temperature treatments and sample type. Surviving Campylobacter populations were affected (P ≤ 0.05) by sample type (Skin vs. meat). Campylobacter, in the absence of competing microflora, survived well on Poultry Skin and meat at the temperatures tested. In all experiments, higher populations were established on the inoculated Skin vs. inoculated meat. These populations remained consistently 0.4 to 0.9 log10 cfu/g higher on Skin vs. meat. Poultry Skin topography may account, in part, for these higher populations on Skin.
-
Bactericidal Activity of Organic Acids against Salmonella typhimurium Attached to Broiler Chicken Skint
Journal of food protection, 1997Co-Authors: Katherine C. Tamblyn, D. E. ConnerAbstract:The bactericidal activity of 0.5, 1,2,4, and 6% acetic, citric, lactic, malic, mandelic, propionic, or tartaric acid was determined against Salmonella typhimurium that were loosely or firmly attached to broiler chicken Skin by using the Skin-attachment model. Acid treatments were applied during a simulated chill (0°C/60 min), postprocess dip (23°C for 15 s), or scald (50°C for 2 min). For comparison, activity of the acid treatments when applied under these conditions were also determined against S. typhimurium in aqueous suspension. In general, bactericidal activity (mean reduction log CFU per Skin) of all acids increased linearly with increasing concentration in all applications. The bactericidal activity of organic acids depended on concentration and method of application. When compared to freely suspended cells, it is clear that salmonellae both firmly and loosely attached to Poultry Skin have increased resistance to or are protected from organic acids. In general, concentrations of ≥4% of the acids were required to kill ≥2 log number of cells of S. typhimurium that were attached to broiler Skin.
-
Utilization of the Skin attachment model to determine the antibacterial efficacy of potential carcass treatments
Poultry science, 1997Co-Authors: Katherine C. Tamblyn, D. E. Conner, S. F. BilgiliAbstract:Two experiments (EXP), utilizing the Skin attachment model (SAM), were conducted to determine the bactericidal activity of six potential carcass disinfectants [EXP 1: 20, 400, and 800 ppm sodium hypochlorite; EXP 2: 5% acetic acid (AA), 8% trisodium phosphate (TSP), and 1% sodium metabisulfite (SS)] during simulated scalder (50 C for 2 min), chiller (0 C for 60 min), or post-process dip (23 C for 15 s) application. Efficacies of treatments were determined against populations of Salmonella typhimurium that were "loosely" or "firmly" attached to chicken breast Skin (10 cm diameter). For comparison, activity of the six disinfectants was also determined against S. typhimurium in aqueous suspension. All disinfectants except SS reduced numbers of freely suspended S. typhimurium by > or = 4.5 log10 cfu/mL. The sodium metabisulfite did not reduce populations of salmonellae. In both EXP, there were disinfectant by application interactions (P 0.05). In contrast, AA activity was affected by the application method (P < 0.05). Against loosely attached cells, AA was most effective in the chiller application (2.5 log10 reduction), whereas against firmly attached cells, AA was effective only in the scalder application (2.0 log10 reduction). Attachment of S. typhimurium to Poultry Skin apparently increased the ability of the bacteria to resist various disinfectants, and efficacy was influenced by extent of attachment of bacteria to Skin and method of disinfectant application.
-
Skin Attachment Model for Improved Laboratory Evaluation of Potential Carcass Disinfectants for their Efficacy Against Salmonella Attached to Broiler Skin.
Journal of food protection, 1994Co-Authors: D. E. Conner, S. F. BilgiliAbstract:An improved laboratory system for testing the efficacy of potential broiler carcass disinfectants against attached Salmonella was developed. Breast Skin from freshly processed chilled broilers was cut into 10 cm diameter pieces, irradiated to inactivate vegetative microflora and served as the attachment surface. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella montevideo were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 23 or 37°C, diluted in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (KPB), and inoculated onto Skin samples as a coarse aerosol spray. At 10, 20 or 30 min post inoculation, Skins were vigorously rinsed twice with phosphate buffer (PB) to remove "loose" cells. To enumerate salmonellae remaining on the Skin ("attached" cells), Skins were blended with fresh PB and plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA). Applying 102, 103 or 104 cells/Skin consistently resulted in attachment of 23 to 44% of the applied inoculum. Culturing temperature and serotype did not affect attachment. The described Skin attachment model (SAM) provides a reliable and repeatable procedure for studying the efficacy of various treatments for removing or inactivating enteropathogens that are attached to Poultry Skin. The SAM allows for consistency in testing of antimicrobial agents against attached bacteria and enables utilization of specific bacteria without interference from background microflora using non-selective recovery techniques.
K.y. Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
three dimensional visualization of salmonella attachment to Poultry Skin using confocal scanning laser microscopy
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1996Co-Authors: K.y. Kim, Joseph F. Frank, S.e. CravenAbstract:The objective of this study was to locate the position of attached or entrapped Salmonella cells in Poultry Skin. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to obtain optical sections of intact Poultry Skin without artefacts associated with dehydration and other sample preparation techniques. A technique was developed to prevent compression of the Poultry Skin during CSLM operation. Images of bacteria and Poultry Skin were obtained after staining with Pyronin-Y. Data indicated that Salmonella cells were mostly located in the cervices and feather follicles. Salmonella in feather follicle floated freely in surrounding liquid even after the Skin was thoroughly rinsed.
-
Attachment of Salmonella on modified Poultry Skin surface
Journal of Food Science, 1996Co-Authors: K.y. Kim, Joseph F. Frank, S.e. CravenAbstract:Poultry Skin was treated with formalin, trisodium phosphate, lipase, and papain before attachment. No treatment affected ultimate attachment level. Attachment using different cell suspension concentrations showed that there was a limitation in attachment level for each cell suspension concentration. Total numbers of Salmonella cells on Poultry Skin including cells in the surface water film were compared with numbers of irreversibly attached cells that remained after washing. At 10 7 CFU/mL inoculation, irreversibly attached cells accounted for 93% of the total surface cell population after 60 min exposure and at 10 8 level, it was 38%.
-
Three‐dimensional visualization of Salmonella attachment to Poultry Skin using confocal scanning laser microscopy
Letters in applied microbiology, 1996Co-Authors: K.y. Kim, Joseph F. Frank, S.e. CravenAbstract:The objective of this study was to locate the position of attached or entrapped Salmonella cells in Poultry Skin. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to obtain optical sections of intact Poultry Skin without artefacts associated with dehydration and other sample preparation techniques. A technique was developed to prevent compression of the Poultry Skin during CSLM operation. Images of bacteria and Poultry Skin were obtained after staining with Pyronin-Y. Data indicated that Salmonella cells were mostly located in the cervices and feather follicles. Salmonella in feather follicle floated freely in surrounding liquid even after the Skin was thoroughly rinsed.
-
Attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to Poultry Skin as Related to Cell Viability
Journal of Food Science, 1996Co-Authors: K.y. Kim, H. S. Lillard, Joseph F. Frank, S.e. CravenAbstract:3 H-labeled S. typhimurium cells inactivated by gamma-radiation ( 60 Co) and by formaldehyde (5%) were used to determine if cell viability affected attachment to Poultry Skin. Both gamma-irradiated and formaldehyde-treated cells attached like live cells. There was no difference in attachment between cells grown in a chemically defined medium (SCDM) or in brain heart infusion broth (BHI). Live and gamma-irradiated cells and BHI-grown and SCDM-grown cells had similar surface hydrophobicity. Live and gamma-irradiated cells had similar cell surface charges, whereas BHI and SCDM-grown cells had different surface charges. Differences in cell surface charge did not affect attachment rate.
Moon S Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Emission filter design to detect Poultry Skin tumors using fluorescence hyperspectral imaging
Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias, 2010Co-Authors: Taemin Kim, Byoung-kwan Cho, Moon S KimAbstract:This paper presents an optimal emission filter of the fluorescence imaging system to detect Skin tumors on Poultry carcasses. The secure production of disease-free meat is crucial in the mass production environment. The fluorescence spectra have been gaining the practical use in many areas because the fluorescence response is very sensitive in detecting trace elements. The spectral features of the specimen are embedded across broad spectral bands and have been analyzed in various methods. We apply the linear discriminant analysis to determine the emission filter of fluorescence imaging system. It provides the optimal attenuation of emission wavelengths in terms of discriminant power. The attenuation values prioritize wavelengths to select significant spectral bands. With the optimal filter, Skin tumor parts of chicken carcasses are enhanced saliently in resultant fluorescence images. Key words: emission filter, hyperspectral imaging model, image enhancement, linear discriminant analysis, Poultry Skin tumors, spectrofluorimetry. Resumen La produccion de carne libre de enfermedades es crucial en produccion pecuaria intensiva. Los espectros de fluorescencia se han estado usando en forma practica en muchas areas, ya que la respuesta de fluorescencia es muy sensible para detectar elementos traza. Este articulo presenta un optimo filtro de emision para el sistema de imagenes de fluorescencia utilizado para detectar tumores cutaneos en canales de pollo. Las caracteristicas espectrales de la muestra --insertas en bandas espectrales amplias- se han analizado por varias metodologias. En este articulo aplicamos el analisis lineal discriminante para determinar el filtro de emision del sistema de imagenes por fluorescencia, mediante el cual se obtiene la atenuacion optima de las ondas de emision en terminos de poder discriminante. Los valores de atenuacion priorizan las longitudes de onda para seleccionar las bandas espectrales mas significativas. Gracias a la utilizacion de este filtro optimizado, los tumores cutaneos existentes en la canal de pollo son magnificados, de modo que se alcanzan a diferenciar perfectamente en las imagenes de fluorescencia resultantes. Palabras clave: analisis discriminante lineal, espectrofluorimetria, filtro de emision, mejoramiento de imagen, modelo de imagen hiperespectral, tumor cutaneo en aves. Resumo A producao de carne livre de doencas e crucial em producao pecuaria intensiva. Os espectros de fluorescencia temse estado utilizando em forma pratica em muitas areas, ja que a resposta da fluorescencia e muito sensivel para detectar elementos traca. Este articulo apresenta um optimo filtro de emissao para o sistema de imagens de fluorescencia utilizado para detectar tumores cutâneos em carcacas de frangos. As caracteristicas espectrais da amostra, insertas em bandas espectrais amplas sao utilizadas por varias metodologias. Neste articulo aplicamos a analises linear discriminante para determinar o filtro de emissao do sistema de imagens por fluorescencia, mediante o qual obtem-se a atenuacao optima das ondas de emissao em termos de poder discriminante. Os valores de atenuacao dao prioridade as longitudes de onda para seleccionar as bandas espectrais mais significativas. Gracas a utilizacao do filtro optimizado, os tumores cutâneos existentes na carcaca de frango sao magnificados, de fato que sao diferenciados perfeitamente nas imagens de fluorescencia resultantes. Palavras chave: analises discriminante lineal, espectrofluorimetria, filtro de emissao, melhoramento de imagem, modelo de imagem hiperespectral, tumor cutâneo.
-
Optical Filter Design of Fluorescence Emission to Detect Poultry Skin Tumors
2009 Reno Nevada June 21 - June 24 2009, 2009Co-Authors: Taemin Kim, Byoung-kwan Cho, Moon S KimAbstract:The secure production of disease-free meat is crucial in the mass production environment. The fluorescence spectra of Poultry have been gaining the practical use since the fluorescence response is very sensitive in detecting a particular biological substance. A hyperspectral image contains spectral information measured as a sequence of individual wavelength across broad spectral bands. This paper presents an optimal design method of emission filter in a hyperspectral fluorescence imaging system to detect Skin tumors on Poultry carcasses. The proposed method design the optimal emission filter using the linear discriminant analysis. It provides the optimal weighted combination of emission wavelengths in terms of discriminant power unlike band selection method which just finds a subset of significant spectral bands. The Poultry Skin tumor in fluorescence images is distinguishable by the pixel-wise intensity. The method can be extended to detect other biomedical abnormalities as well. In future research, we will incorporate the spatial information to determine the Skin tumor more accurately.
-
Poultry Skin tumor detection in hyperspectral reflectance images by combining classifiers
International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition, 2007Co-Authors: Intaek Kim, Moon S KimAbstract:This paper presents a new method for detecting Poultry Skin tumors in hyperspectral reflectance images. We employ the principal component analysis (PCA), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) to extract the independent feature sets in hyperspectral reflectance image data. These features are individually classified by a linear classifier and their classification results are combined using product rule. The final classification result based on the proposed method shows the better performance in detecting tumors compared with previous works.
-
Poultry Skin tumor detection in hyperspectral images using radial basis probabilistic neural network
International Symposium on Neural Networks, 2006Co-Authors: Intaek Kim, Moon S KimAbstract:This paper presents a method for detecting Poultry Skin tumors using hyperspectral fluorescence image. New feature space is generated by the ratio of intensities of two bands, the combination of images such that their intensity ratios yield the least false detection rate is selected by minimizing overlap area of normal and tumor’s PDFs. Four feature images are chosen and presented as an input to a classifier based on the radial basis probability neural network. The classifier categorizes the input with three classes, where one is for tumor and two for normal Skin pixels. The classification result based on this method shows the improved performance in that the number of false classification is reduced.
-
ISNN (2) - Poultry Skin tumor detection in hyperspectral images using radial basis probabilistic neural network
Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2006, 2006Co-Authors: Intaek Kim, Moon S KimAbstract:This paper presents a method for detecting Poultry Skin tumors using hyperspectral fluorescence image. New feature space is generated by the ratio of intensities of two bands, the combination of images such that their intensity ratios yield the least false detection rate is selected by minimizing overlap area of normal and tumor’s PDFs. Four feature images are chosen and presented as an input to a classifier based on the radial basis probability neural network. The classifier categorizes the input with three classes, where one is for tumor and two for normal Skin pixels. The classification result based on this method shows the improved performance in that the number of false classification is reduced.
S. F. Bilgili - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Utilization of the Skin attachment model to determine the antibacterial efficacy of potential carcass treatments
Poultry science, 1997Co-Authors: Katherine C. Tamblyn, D. E. Conner, S. F. BilgiliAbstract:Two experiments (EXP), utilizing the Skin attachment model (SAM), were conducted to determine the bactericidal activity of six potential carcass disinfectants [EXP 1: 20, 400, and 800 ppm sodium hypochlorite; EXP 2: 5% acetic acid (AA), 8% trisodium phosphate (TSP), and 1% sodium metabisulfite (SS)] during simulated scalder (50 C for 2 min), chiller (0 C for 60 min), or post-process dip (23 C for 15 s) application. Efficacies of treatments were determined against populations of Salmonella typhimurium that were "loosely" or "firmly" attached to chicken breast Skin (10 cm diameter). For comparison, activity of the six disinfectants was also determined against S. typhimurium in aqueous suspension. All disinfectants except SS reduced numbers of freely suspended S. typhimurium by > or = 4.5 log10 cfu/mL. The sodium metabisulfite did not reduce populations of salmonellae. In both EXP, there were disinfectant by application interactions (P 0.05). In contrast, AA activity was affected by the application method (P < 0.05). Against loosely attached cells, AA was most effective in the chiller application (2.5 log10 reduction), whereas against firmly attached cells, AA was effective only in the scalder application (2.0 log10 reduction). Attachment of S. typhimurium to Poultry Skin apparently increased the ability of the bacteria to resist various disinfectants, and efficacy was influenced by extent of attachment of bacteria to Skin and method of disinfectant application.
-
Skin Attachment Model for Improved Laboratory Evaluation of Potential Carcass Disinfectants for their Efficacy Against Salmonella Attached to Broiler Skin.
Journal of food protection, 1994Co-Authors: D. E. Conner, S. F. BilgiliAbstract:An improved laboratory system for testing the efficacy of potential broiler carcass disinfectants against attached Salmonella was developed. Breast Skin from freshly processed chilled broilers was cut into 10 cm diameter pieces, irradiated to inactivate vegetative microflora and served as the attachment surface. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella montevideo were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 23 or 37°C, diluted in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (KPB), and inoculated onto Skin samples as a coarse aerosol spray. At 10, 20 or 30 min post inoculation, Skins were vigorously rinsed twice with phosphate buffer (PB) to remove "loose" cells. To enumerate salmonellae remaining on the Skin ("attached" cells), Skins were blended with fresh PB and plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA). Applying 102, 103 or 104 cells/Skin consistently resulted in attachment of 23 to 44% of the applied inoculum. Culturing temperature and serotype did not affect attachment. The described Skin attachment model (SAM) provides a reliable and repeatable procedure for studying the efficacy of various treatments for removing or inactivating enteropathogens that are attached to Poultry Skin. The SAM allows for consistency in testing of antimicrobial agents against attached bacteria and enables utilization of specific bacteria without interference from background microflora using non-selective recovery techniques.