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Anup Kollanoor Johny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterizing the antimicrobial function of a dairy originated probiotic propionibacterium freudenreichii against multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg in turkey Poults
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Divek V. T. Nair, Anup Kollanoor JohnyAbstract:Antimicrobial potential of a dairy-origin probiotic bacteria, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in turkey Poults was determined in the current study. Employing in vitro experiments, two strains (subsp.) of P. freudenreichii: P. freudenreichii freudenreichii B3523 (PF) and P. freudenreichii shermanii B4327 (PS) were tested for their ability to resist low pH (2.5) and bile salts (0.3%). In addition, the ability of the strains to adhere to and invade avian epithelial cells was determined after exposure to Propionibacterium strains followed by SH challenge. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the strains’ cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs) were tested against three major foodborne pathogens, including SH. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the strains to common antibiotics used for human therapy was determined. The hemolytic properties of the strains were determined in comparison to Streptococcus pyogenes, a known hemolysis-causing pathogen. Appropriate controls were kept in all studies. Using two in vivo experiments, PF was tested against SH colonization of poult ceca and dissemination to liver and spleen. The 4 treatment groups were: negative control, PF control (PFC), SH control (SC) and a test group (PFS; PF+SH). The Poults in the PFC and PFS groups were inoculated with 1010 CFU ml-1 PF from day 1 through crop gavage and subsequently supplemented through drinking water. On day 7, SC and PFS groups were challenged with SH at 106 CFU ml-1, and after 7 days, cecum, liver, and spleen were collected for determining surviving SH populations. Results indicated that both PF and PS resisted pH=2.5 and 0.3% bile salts with surviving populations comparable to the control and adhered well onto the avian epithelial cell lines. The strains were susceptible to antibiotics and did not invade the epithelial cells or exhibit hemolytic properties. The CFCSs were highly bactericidal against all tested pathogens. In turkey Poults, PF significantly reduced cecal colonization of SH and the dissemination of the pathogen to the liver, compared to the SH challenge controls (P<0.05). Results reveal that PF, a non-host GIT-derived probiotic, could be an antibiotic alternative to prevent the early colonization of SH in Poults, improving the preharvest safety of turkeys.
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Effect of Various Inoculum Levels of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg (2011 Ground Turkey Outbreak Isolate) on Cecal Colonization, Dissemination to Internal Organs, and Deposition in Skeletal Muscles of Commercial Turkeys af
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Divek V. T. Nair, Jijo Vazhakkattu Thomas, Sally Noll, Robert Porter, Anup Kollanoor JohnyAbstract:Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is a major foodborne pathogen colonizing poultry. The pathogen is associated with a significant number of foodborne outbreaks through contaminated poultry meat, including turkeys. Recently, multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of S. Heidelberg have emerged as a threat to human public health in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine the cecal colonization, dissemination to internal organs, and the potential for skeletal muscle deposition of an MDR S. Heidelberg isolate from the 2011 ground turkey outbreak in the United States after the experimental oral challenge of Poults (young turkeys) and adult turkey hens. In the poult study, two separate experiments using day-old, straight-run, commercial hybrid converter Poults were randomly assigned to five challenge groups (0, 10∧2, 10∧4, 10∧6, 10∧8 CFU groups; 12 Poults/group; N = 60/experiment) and a week after, treatment groups were challenged separately with 0-, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8- log10 CFU of S. Heidelberg orally. After 14 days post-challenge, the Poults were euthanized, and samples were collected to determine MDR S. Heidelberg colonization in the cecum, dissemination to liver and spleen, and deposition in the thigh, drumstick, and breast muscles. A similar experimental design was followed for the adult turkey hens. In two separate experiments, 11-week-old commercial Hybrid Converter turkey hens (4 hens/group; N = 20/experiment) were challenged with MDR S. Heidelberg and on day 16 post-challenge, birds were euthanized and samples were collected to determine Salmonella populations in the samples. The results indicated that, in turkey Poults, the recovery of MDR S. Heidelberg was highest in the cecum followed by spleen, liver, thigh, drumstick, and breast. All tested inoculum levels resulted in more than 3.5 log10 CFU/g colonization in the poult cecum. The cecal colonization, dissemination to internal organs, and tissue deposition of MDR S. Heidelberg were high in Poults. The pathogen recovery from the cecum of adult turkey hens ranged from 37.5 to 62.5% in the challenge groups. The results signify the importance of controlling MDR S. Heidelberg in turkeys at the farm level to improve the safety of turkey products
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Characterizing the Antimicrobial Function of a Dairy-Originated Probiotic, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg in Turkey Poults
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Divek V. T. Nair, Anup Kollanoor JohnyAbstract:Antimicrobial potential of a dairy-origin probiotic bacteria, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in turkey Poults was determined in the current study. Employing in vitro experiments, two strains (subsp.) of P. freudenreichii: P. freudenreichii freudenreichii B3523 (PF) and P. freudenreichii shermanii B4327 (PS) were tested for their ability to resist low pH (2.5) and bile salts (0.3%). In addition, the ability of the strains to adhere to and invade avian epithelial cells was determined after exposure to Propionibacterium strains followed by SH challenge. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the strains’ cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs) were tested against three major foodborne pathogens, including SH. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the strains to common antibiotics used for human therapy was determined. The hemolytic properties of the strains were determined in comparison to Streptococcus pyogenes, a known hemolysis-causing pathogen. Appropriate controls were kept in all studies. Using two in vivo experiments, PF was tested against SH colonization of poult ceca and dissemination to liver and spleen. The four treatment groups were: negative control, PF control (PFC), SH control (SC), and a test group (PFS; PF + SH). The Poults in the PFC and PFS groups were inoculated with 1010 CFU ml−1 PF on day 1 through crop gavage and subsequently supplemented through drinking water. On day 7, SC and PFS groups were challenged with SH at 106 CFU ml−1, and after 7 days, cecum, liver, and spleen were collected for determining surviving SH populations. Results indicated that both PF and PS resisted pH = 2.5 and 0.3% bile salts with surviving populations comparable to the control and adhered well onto the avian epithelial cell lines. The strains were susceptible to antibiotics and did not invade the epithelial cells or exhibit hemolytic properties. The CFCSs were highly bactericidal against all tested pathogens. In turkey Poults, PF significantly reduced cecal colonization of SH and the dissemination of the pathogen to the liver, compared to the SH challenge controls (P < 0.05). Results revealed that PF, a non-host gastrointestinal tract-derived probiotic, could be an antibiotic alternative to prevent the early colonization of SH in Poults, improving the preharvest safety of turkeys
Divek V. T. Nair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterizing the antimicrobial function of a dairy originated probiotic propionibacterium freudenreichii against multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg in turkey Poults
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Divek V. T. Nair, Anup Kollanoor JohnyAbstract:Antimicrobial potential of a dairy-origin probiotic bacteria, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in turkey Poults was determined in the current study. Employing in vitro experiments, two strains (subsp.) of P. freudenreichii: P. freudenreichii freudenreichii B3523 (PF) and P. freudenreichii shermanii B4327 (PS) were tested for their ability to resist low pH (2.5) and bile salts (0.3%). In addition, the ability of the strains to adhere to and invade avian epithelial cells was determined after exposure to Propionibacterium strains followed by SH challenge. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the strains’ cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs) were tested against three major foodborne pathogens, including SH. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the strains to common antibiotics used for human therapy was determined. The hemolytic properties of the strains were determined in comparison to Streptococcus pyogenes, a known hemolysis-causing pathogen. Appropriate controls were kept in all studies. Using two in vivo experiments, PF was tested against SH colonization of poult ceca and dissemination to liver and spleen. The 4 treatment groups were: negative control, PF control (PFC), SH control (SC) and a test group (PFS; PF+SH). The Poults in the PFC and PFS groups were inoculated with 1010 CFU ml-1 PF from day 1 through crop gavage and subsequently supplemented through drinking water. On day 7, SC and PFS groups were challenged with SH at 106 CFU ml-1, and after 7 days, cecum, liver, and spleen were collected for determining surviving SH populations. Results indicated that both PF and PS resisted pH=2.5 and 0.3% bile salts with surviving populations comparable to the control and adhered well onto the avian epithelial cell lines. The strains were susceptible to antibiotics and did not invade the epithelial cells or exhibit hemolytic properties. The CFCSs were highly bactericidal against all tested pathogens. In turkey Poults, PF significantly reduced cecal colonization of SH and the dissemination of the pathogen to the liver, compared to the SH challenge controls (P<0.05). Results reveal that PF, a non-host GIT-derived probiotic, could be an antibiotic alternative to prevent the early colonization of SH in Poults, improving the preharvest safety of turkeys.
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Effect of Various Inoculum Levels of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg (2011 Ground Turkey Outbreak Isolate) on Cecal Colonization, Dissemination to Internal Organs, and Deposition in Skeletal Muscles of Commercial Turkeys af
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Divek V. T. Nair, Jijo Vazhakkattu Thomas, Sally Noll, Robert Porter, Anup Kollanoor JohnyAbstract:Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is a major foodborne pathogen colonizing poultry. The pathogen is associated with a significant number of foodborne outbreaks through contaminated poultry meat, including turkeys. Recently, multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of S. Heidelberg have emerged as a threat to human public health in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine the cecal colonization, dissemination to internal organs, and the potential for skeletal muscle deposition of an MDR S. Heidelberg isolate from the 2011 ground turkey outbreak in the United States after the experimental oral challenge of Poults (young turkeys) and adult turkey hens. In the poult study, two separate experiments using day-old, straight-run, commercial hybrid converter Poults were randomly assigned to five challenge groups (0, 10∧2, 10∧4, 10∧6, 10∧8 CFU groups; 12 Poults/group; N = 60/experiment) and a week after, treatment groups were challenged separately with 0-, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8- log10 CFU of S. Heidelberg orally. After 14 days post-challenge, the Poults were euthanized, and samples were collected to determine MDR S. Heidelberg colonization in the cecum, dissemination to liver and spleen, and deposition in the thigh, drumstick, and breast muscles. A similar experimental design was followed for the adult turkey hens. In two separate experiments, 11-week-old commercial Hybrid Converter turkey hens (4 hens/group; N = 20/experiment) were challenged with MDR S. Heidelberg and on day 16 post-challenge, birds were euthanized and samples were collected to determine Salmonella populations in the samples. The results indicated that, in turkey Poults, the recovery of MDR S. Heidelberg was highest in the cecum followed by spleen, liver, thigh, drumstick, and breast. All tested inoculum levels resulted in more than 3.5 log10 CFU/g colonization in the poult cecum. The cecal colonization, dissemination to internal organs, and tissue deposition of MDR S. Heidelberg were high in Poults. The pathogen recovery from the cecum of adult turkey hens ranged from 37.5 to 62.5% in the challenge groups. The results signify the importance of controlling MDR S. Heidelberg in turkeys at the farm level to improve the safety of turkey products
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Characterizing the Antimicrobial Function of a Dairy-Originated Probiotic, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg in Turkey Poults
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Divek V. T. Nair, Anup Kollanoor JohnyAbstract:Antimicrobial potential of a dairy-origin probiotic bacteria, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in turkey Poults was determined in the current study. Employing in vitro experiments, two strains (subsp.) of P. freudenreichii: P. freudenreichii freudenreichii B3523 (PF) and P. freudenreichii shermanii B4327 (PS) were tested for their ability to resist low pH (2.5) and bile salts (0.3%). In addition, the ability of the strains to adhere to and invade avian epithelial cells was determined after exposure to Propionibacterium strains followed by SH challenge. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the strains’ cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs) were tested against three major foodborne pathogens, including SH. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the strains to common antibiotics used for human therapy was determined. The hemolytic properties of the strains were determined in comparison to Streptococcus pyogenes, a known hemolysis-causing pathogen. Appropriate controls were kept in all studies. Using two in vivo experiments, PF was tested against SH colonization of poult ceca and dissemination to liver and spleen. The four treatment groups were: negative control, PF control (PFC), SH control (SC), and a test group (PFS; PF + SH). The Poults in the PFC and PFS groups were inoculated with 1010 CFU ml−1 PF on day 1 through crop gavage and subsequently supplemented through drinking water. On day 7, SC and PFS groups were challenged with SH at 106 CFU ml−1, and after 7 days, cecum, liver, and spleen were collected for determining surviving SH populations. Results indicated that both PF and PS resisted pH = 2.5 and 0.3% bile salts with surviving populations comparable to the control and adhered well onto the avian epithelial cell lines. The strains were susceptible to antibiotics and did not invade the epithelial cells or exhibit hemolytic properties. The CFCSs were highly bactericidal against all tested pathogens. In turkey Poults, PF significantly reduced cecal colonization of SH and the dissemination of the pathogen to the liver, compared to the SH challenge controls (P < 0.05). Results revealed that PF, a non-host gastrointestinal tract-derived probiotic, could be an antibiotic alternative to prevent the early colonization of SH in Poults, improving the preharvest safety of turkeys
Terri Barnett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Retention times of miniature radiotransmitters glued to wild turkey Poults
Wildlife Society Bulletin, 2002Co-Authors: Brian L Spears, Roger D. Applegate, Phillip S. Gipson, Warren B. Ballard, Mark C. Wallace, Richard S. Phillips, Derrick H. Holdstock, John H. Brunjes, Michael S. Miller, Terri BarnettAbstract:Miniature radiotransmitters allow researchers to examine daily survival of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Poults during pre-flight periods, when turkey mortality is highest. We conducted a study of retention times of transmitters glued to Rio Grande wild turkey (M. g. intermedia) pre-flight Poults at 4 sites in both southwest Kansas and the Texas panhandle. One hundred twenty-two Poults from 39 broods were equipped with transmitters. Mean retention time on living Poults was 20.4′8.3 days (n=34). Ninety-two percent of transmitters were retained by Poults beyond flightless periods. We concluded that this technique was suitable for examining survival and habitat use by pre-flight wild turkey Poults and suggest this technique be used in lieu of surgical implants and harness attachments.
Brian L Spears - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Retention times of miniature radiotransmitters glued to wild turkey Poults
Wildlife Society Bulletin, 2002Co-Authors: Brian L Spears, Roger D. Applegate, Phillip S. Gipson, Warren B. Ballard, Mark C. Wallace, Richard S. Phillips, Derrick H. Holdstock, John H. Brunjes, Michael S. Miller, Terri BarnettAbstract:Miniature radiotransmitters allow researchers to examine daily survival of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Poults during pre-flight periods, when turkey mortality is highest. We conducted a study of retention times of transmitters glued to Rio Grande wild turkey (M. g. intermedia) pre-flight Poults at 4 sites in both southwest Kansas and the Texas panhandle. One hundred twenty-two Poults from 39 broods were equipped with transmitters. Mean retention time on living Poults was 20.4′8.3 days (n=34). Ninety-two percent of transmitters were retained by Poults beyond flightless periods. We concluded that this technique was suitable for examining survival and habitat use by pre-flight wild turkey Poults and suggest this technique be used in lieu of surgical implants and harness attachments.
C. A. Mbajiorgu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of brooding periods on performance of Poults and grow-out small bronze turkeys in hot humid tropical environment
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2018Co-Authors: Chibuzo Hope Nwaodu, V. M. Okoro, Martins Chigozie Uchegbu, C. A. MbajiorguAbstract:A study was conducted to determine the effects of varied brooding regimes on the performance of small bronze turkey Poults and their grow-outs. One hundred and twenty ( n = 120) Poults were subjected to four brooding regimes of 0–5, 0–6, 0–7, and 0–8 weeks, designated as T_1, T_2, T_3, and T_4. Each brooding regime (treatment) was applied to 3 replicates of 10 Poults/replicate in a completely randomized design. The feed intake of T_1 Poults was higher ( P
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Effects of brooding periods on performance of Poults and grow-out small bronze turkeys in hot humid tropical environment.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2018Co-Authors: Chibuzo Hope Nwaodu, V. M. Okoro, Martins Chigozie Uchegbu, C. A. MbajiorguAbstract:A study was conducted to determine the effects of varied brooding regimes on the performance of small bronze turkey Poults and their grow-outs. One hundred and twenty (n = 120) Poults were subjected to four brooding regimes of 0–5, 0–6, 0–7, and 0–8 weeks, designated as T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each brooding regime (treatment) was applied to 3 replicates of 10 Poults/replicate in a completely randomized design. The feed intake of T1 Poults was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the T2, T3, and T4 groups. There was no difference in the daily weight gain among all treatment groups. The T1 Poults had a higher (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the T4 Poults while the T1, T2, and T3 had similar FCR. The T1 group also had the highest feed/heating cost (USD 2.14) while the T4 recorded the lowest feed/heating cost (USD 2.01) resulting in 5.86% reduction in feed/heating cost. There were no differences in performance of the grow-out turkeys in all the production parameters measured, as well as in the feed cost per kilogram weight gain of the treatment groups. This result shows that small bronze-type turkeys brooded from 0 to 8 weeks had higher efficiency in terms of feed intake, FCR, and lower economic costs compared to those brooded from 0 to 5, 0–6, and 0–7 weeks at the poult stage. However, at grow-out stage, the period of brooding did not have any effects on their performance.
